Cardiac Depression Scale: Difference between revisions

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== Objective&nbsp; ==
== Objective&nbsp; ==
 
[[File:Heart location.jpg|right|frameless]]
The scale's main aim is to assess&nbsp;depression in cardiac patient. [http://www.medarmc.unimelb.edu.au/docs/Cardiac%20Depression%20Scale%2026%20Items_Hare%201993.pdf The Cardiac Depression Scale]&nbsp;(CDS) was developed as a depression scale primarily to assess&nbsp;depression in a cardica setup and in cardiac patient<ref>Hare DL, Davis CR. Cardiac Depression Scale: validation of a new depression scale for cardiac patients. Journal of psychosomatic research. 1996 Apr 30;40(4):379-86</ref>. CDS is a self report 26 item, seven point likert type scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree(7). The score can range from a score of 26 to a maximum score of 182. The items 2,4,12,15,19,20 and 23 are reversed scored (1=7, 2=6, 3=5, 4=4, 6=2, 7=1). The higher the score the more depressive symptoms patient will exhibit.  
The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) was developed for the specific purpose of providing a valid and reliable instrument to measure [[depression]] in [[Cardiovascular Disease|cardiac]] patients. The CDS is the only measure for depression derived from responses of cardiac patients. It offers a more responsive and sensitive alternative to other measures that are not always suitable for cardiac patients because they have been developed and validated in non-cardiac populations.&nbsp;The CDS is a 26 item questionnaire, each item requiring a response on a Likert scale from 1 (‘Strongly disagree’) to 7 (‘Strongly agree’), the scale being tagged at each end with an explanatory phrase.
 
== Intended Population  ==
== Intended Population  ==


The traget population is cardiac patients with diagnosed cardiac diseases. The scale has been tested on following population  
The target population is cardiac patients with diagnosed cardiac diseases. The scale has been tested on following population  


*Adult cardiac disease &nbsp;patient example includes coronary artery disease, heart failure, post myocardial infarction, valve disease, arrythmias, ischaemic heart disease etc.
*Adult cardiac disease &nbsp;patient examples includes: [[Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)|coronary artery disease]]; [[Heart Failure|heart failure]], post [[Myocardial Infarction|myocardial infarction]], [[Cardiac Valve Defects|cardiac valve defects]], [[Heart Arrhythmias: Assessment|arrythmias]], [[cardiomyopathies]].


= Method of Use&nbsp;  =
= Method of Use&nbsp;  =
'''Equipment Required:''' Test paper and pencil&nbsp;


== Equipment Required  ==
'''General Instructions:''' The test requires&nbsp;no formal training and takes only 5 minutes to administer.The scale is of self report type, so patient is properly instructed to fill the scale ensuring proper scoring.


Test paper and pencil&nbsp;  
'''The Scale:''' The questionnaire consists of a number of statements about the way patient feel at present.<br>Next to each statement there is a rating scale from 1 to 7 for patient &nbsp;to indicate how much you agree or disagree with the statement.


==== '''General Instructions'''  ====
* Strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly agree
* The scale has 26 questions or statements for which patient marks from 1 to 7 and the final reading is taken.


The test requires&nbsp;no formal training and takes only 5 minutes to administer.The scale is of self report type, so patient is properly instructed to fill the scale ensuring proper scoring.  
'''Reliability and Validity:''' Whilst having 97% sensitivity and 85% specificity for diagnosing major depression, it also assesses the range of less severe ‘reactive’ depression. The interrater and the reliability has not been established. In a validation study done in UK for CDS, a battery of questionnaires (the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 [SF-36] Health Survey, the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] and the Cardiac Depression Scale [CDS]) were used to find out the reliability of CDS.The results demonstrated high internal reliability&nbsp; (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and an acceptable test-retest reliability (0.79). Concurrent validation against the SF-36, BDI and HADS demonstrated strong correlations. It was used in men recovering from CABG surgery. The result of showed&nbsp;Excellent correlation with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.751, 0.787, 0.737, 0.819) at baseline, 6, 12, and 36 weeks respectively.


==== The Scale ====
==== Conclusion ====


The questionnaire consists of a number of statements about the way patient feel at present.<br>Next to each statement there is a rating scale from 1 to 7 for patient &nbsp;to indicate how much you agree or disagree with the statement.  
The Cardiac Depression Scale is under copyright. Further information can be obtained from Dr. Samia Toukhsati at samia.[email protected] or Professor David Hare at [email protected].au


Strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly agree
== References<br>  ==
 
<references />
The scale has 26 questions or statements for which patient marks from 1 to 7 and the final reading is taken.  
Kiropoulos LA, Meredith I, Tonkin A, Clarke D, Antonis P, Plunkett J. Psychometric properties of the cardiac depression scale in patients with coronary heart disease. BMC psychiatry. 2012 Dec 3;12(1):1.
 
==== Reliability and Validity  ====


The interrater and the intrarrater reliability has not been established. In a validation study done in UK poulation for CDS.&nbsp;A battery of questionnaires (the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 [SF-36] Health Survey, the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] and the Cardiac Depression Scale [CDS]) were used to find out the reliability of CDS.The results demonstrated high internal reliability&nbsp; (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and an acceptable test-retest reliability (0.79). Concurrent validation against the SF-36, BDI and HADS demonstrated strong correlations<ref>Birks Y, Roebuck A, Thompson DR. A validation study of the Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) in a UK population. British journal of health psychology. 2004 Feb 1;9(1):15-24.</ref>. In an other study CDS was used in men recovering from CABG surgery. The result of study showed&nbsp;Excellent correlation with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.751, 0.787, 0.737, 0.819) at baseline, 6, 12, and 36 weeks respectively<ref>King KM, Colella TJ, Faris P, Thompson DR. Using the cardiac depression scale in men recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of clinical nursing. 2009 Jun 1;18(11):1617-24</ref>.
Chantal F.SKi, David.R.Thompson, David.L.Hare, Andrew.G.Stewart, Roger W. Cardiac depression scale: Moking scale in heart failure.Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012; 10: 141.
Published online 2012 Nov 23. doi:  10.1186/1477-7525-10-141


==== Conclusion  ====
The Cardiac Depression Scale is under copyright. Further information can be obtained from Dr. Samia Toukhsati at [email protected] or Professor David Hare at [email protected]<br>
== Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)  ==
<div class="researchbox"><rss>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/erss.cgi?rss_guid=1BSf0BDC3CBjIF7iqOBL3RjS0IyLRg55HbGkBaw3PXZtC0NUgi!!|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10</rss></div>
== References<br>  ==


  <references />Kiropoulos LA, Meredith I, Tonkin A, Clarke D, Antonis P, Plunkett J. Psychometric properties of the cardiac depression scale in patients with coronary heart disease. BMC psychiatry. 2012 Dec 3;12(1):1.
  [[Category:Cardiopulmonary]]

Latest revision as of 01:23, 13 September 2021

Original Editor - Ammar_Suhail

Top Contributors - Ammar Suhail, Tomer Yona, Kim Jackson, Sweta Christian, WikiSysop, Adam Vallely Farrell and Lucinda hampton  

Objective [edit | edit source]

Heart location.jpg

The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) was developed for the specific purpose of providing a valid and reliable instrument to measure depression in cardiac patients. The CDS is the only measure for depression derived from responses of cardiac patients. It offers a more responsive and sensitive alternative to other measures that are not always suitable for cardiac patients because they have been developed and validated in non-cardiac populations. The CDS is a 26 item questionnaire, each item requiring a response on a Likert scale from 1 (‘Strongly disagree’) to 7 (‘Strongly agree’), the scale being tagged at each end with an explanatory phrase.

Intended Population[edit | edit source]

The target population is cardiac patients with diagnosed cardiac diseases. The scale has been tested on following population

Method of Use [edit | edit source]

Equipment Required: Test paper and pencil 

General Instructions: The test requires no formal training and takes only 5 minutes to administer.The scale is of self report type, so patient is properly instructed to fill the scale ensuring proper scoring.

The Scale: The questionnaire consists of a number of statements about the way patient feel at present.
Next to each statement there is a rating scale from 1 to 7 for patient  to indicate how much you agree or disagree with the statement.

  • Strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly agree
  • The scale has 26 questions or statements for which patient marks from 1 to 7 and the final reading is taken.

Reliability and Validity: Whilst having 97% sensitivity and 85% specificity for diagnosing major depression, it also assesses the range of less severe ‘reactive’ depression. The interrater and the reliability has not been established. In a validation study done in UK for CDS, a battery of questionnaires (the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 [SF-36] Health Survey, the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] and the Cardiac Depression Scale [CDS]) were used to find out the reliability of CDS.The results demonstrated high internal reliability  (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and an acceptable test-retest reliability (0.79). Concurrent validation against the SF-36, BDI and HADS demonstrated strong correlations. It was used in men recovering from CABG surgery. The result of showed Excellent correlation with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.751, 0.787, 0.737, 0.819) at baseline, 6, 12, and 36 weeks respectively.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

The Cardiac Depression Scale is under copyright. Further information can be obtained from Dr. Samia Toukhsati at [email protected] or Professor David Hare at [email protected]

References
[edit | edit source]

Kiropoulos LA, Meredith I, Tonkin A, Clarke D, Antonis P, Plunkett J. Psychometric properties of the cardiac depression scale in patients with coronary heart disease. BMC psychiatry. 2012 Dec 3;12(1):1.

Chantal F.SKi, David.R.Thompson, David.L.Hare, Andrew.G.Stewart, Roger W. Cardiac depression scale: Moking scale in heart failure.Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012; 10: 141. Published online 2012 Nov 23. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-141

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