Pleural Effusion: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
A pleural effusion is an unusual amount of fluid around the lung. <ref name=":1">Light RW. Pleural effusion. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp010731 New England Journal of Medicine]. 2002 Jun 20;346(25):1971-7.</ref>
A pleural effusion is collection of unusual amount of fluid in pleural cavity. <ref name=":1">Light RW. Pleural effusion. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp010731 New England Journal of Medicine]. 2002 Jun 20;346(25):1971-7.</ref>


(Read about Pleura [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Lung_Anatomy here])
(Read about Pleura [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Lung_Anatomy here])
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{{#ev:youtube|f6bngHjMLA0|300}}<ref name=":0">Armando Hasudungan. Pleural Effusion (DETAILED) - (pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, treatment). Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6bngHjMLA0 [last accessed 24/3/2021]</ref>
{{#ev:youtube|f6bngHjMLA0|300}}<ref name=":0">Armando Hasudungan. Pleural Effusion (DETAILED) - (pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, treatment). Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6bngHjMLA0 [last accessed 24/3/2021]</ref>


== Classification ==
=== Transudative ===
Transudative type of pleural effusion rarely needs to be drained. It is formed from the liquid which leaks around the pleura.
Most common cause of this type is [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Introduction_to_Congestive_Heart_Failure congestive heart failure].
* Less protein
* Few cells
=== Exudative ===
Exudative type of pleural effusion requires to be drained. It is formed from extra liquid, protein, blood, inflammatory cells or sometimes bacteria that leak across damaged blood vessels into the pleura.
The causes of this type include [[pneumonia]] and [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Lung_Cancer lung cancer].
* More protein
* Large amount of cells
== Symptoms ==
* May or may not have fever
* May have cough
* [[Dyspnoea|Breathlessness]]
* Chest pain
* [[Pleural Friction Rub|Pleural rub]]
* [[Heart Sounds]]: Third heart sound can be heard.
* Weakness


== Causes ==
== Causes ==
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== Diagnosis  ==
== Diagnosis  ==
 
* Blood Test: Neutrophilia
 
* CT Scan
 
* X-ray: Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity which appears white on X-rays, while air space looks black.
[[File:Unilateral_PE(left).jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Unilateral_PE(left).jpg|thumb|left]]
[[File:Bilateral_PE.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Bilateral_PE.jpg|thumb|center]]
== Types  ==


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
 
* Medication: Antibiotics, Diuretics
* Pleural Decortication: Surgeons can operate inside the pleural space, removing inflammation and unhealthy tissue by thoracoscopy or [[thoracotomy]].
* Chemotherapy
* [[Thoracentesis]]
* Drainage by intercostal tubes
* [[Pleurodesis]]


== References  ==
== References  ==


<references />
<references />

Revision as of 17:35, 24 March 2021

Original Editor - Chelsea McLene

Top Contributors - Chelsea Mclene, Rosie Swift, Kim Jackson and Khloud Shreif  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

A pleural effusion is collection of unusual amount of fluid in pleural cavity. [1]

(Read about Pleura here)

When there's a pleural effusion, fluid builds up in the space between the layers of pleura.

Normally, for smooth movement of lungs, only teaspoons of watery fluid are in the pleural space.[2]

[3]


Classification[edit | edit source]

Transudative[edit | edit source]

Transudative type of pleural effusion rarely needs to be drained. It is formed from the liquid which leaks around the pleura.

Most common cause of this type is congestive heart failure.

  • Less protein
  • Few cells

Exudative[edit | edit source]

Exudative type of pleural effusion requires to be drained. It is formed from extra liquid, protein, blood, inflammatory cells or sometimes bacteria that leak across damaged blood vessels into the pleura.

The causes of this type include pneumonia and lung cancer.

  • More protein
  • Large amount of cells

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Causes[edit | edit source]

There are many causes, some of them are:

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

  • Blood Test: Neutrophilia
  • CT Scan
  • X-ray: Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity which appears white on X-rays, while air space looks black.
Unilateral PE(left).jpg
Bilateral PE.jpg

Treatment[edit | edit source]

  • Medication: Antibiotics, Diuretics
  • Pleural Decortication: Surgeons can operate inside the pleural space, removing inflammation and unhealthy tissue by thoracoscopy or thoracotomy.
  • Chemotherapy
  • Thoracentesis
  • Drainage by intercostal tubes
  • Pleurodesis

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Light RW. Pleural effusion. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002 Jun 20;346(25):1971-7.
  2. ↑ Rajgaria A. PLUERAL EFFUSION-DISEASE OF LUNGS. [last accessed 24/03/2021]
  3. ↑ Armando Hasudungan. Pleural Effusion (DETAILED) - (pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, treatment). Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6bngHjMLA0 [last accessed 24/3/2021]
  4. ↑ Light RW. Pleural effusions. Medical Clinics. 2011 Nov 1;95(6):1055-70.
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