Physiotherapists Role in ICU: Difference between revisions
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Physiotherapy treatment as part of a multi-disciplinary approach to care is integral in promoting lung function, reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, facilitating weaning and promoting safe and early discharge from the intensive care unit. | Physiotherapy treatment as part of a multi-disciplinary approach to care is integral in promoting lung function, reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, facilitating weaning and promoting safe and early discharge from the intensive care unit. | ||
== Physiotherapy | == Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in ICU == | ||
Physiotherapy is an important intervention that prevents and mitigates adverse effects of prolonged bed rest and mechanical ventilation during critical illness. Rehabilitation delivered by the physiotherapist is tailored to patient needs and depends on conscious state, psychological status and physical strength of the patient. It incorporates any active and passive therapy that promotes movement and includes mobilisation. Early progressive physiotherapy, with a focus on mobility and walking whilst ventilated, is essential in minimising functional decline. | Physiotherapy is an important intervention that prevents and mitigates adverse effects of prolonged bed rest and mechanical ventilation during critical illness. Rehabilitation delivered by the physiotherapist is tailored to patient needs and depends on conscious state, psychological status and physical strength of the patient. It incorporates any active and passive therapy that promotes movement and includes mobilisation. Early progressive physiotherapy, with a focus on mobility and walking whilst ventilated, is essential in minimising functional decline. | ||
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Physiotherapist works to maintain and improve respiration and cardiac functions and later on aid in rehabilitation. | Physiotherapist works to maintain and improve respiration and cardiac functions and later on aid in rehabilitation. | ||
=== Short term Goals: === | |||
* [[Exercise in Critical Care|Early activity]] - Both passive and active to maintain integrity of musculoskeletal system | * [[Exercise in Critical Care|Early activity]] - Both passive and active to maintain integrity of musculoskeletal system | ||
* Positioning patients: To allow gravity to help sputum drain from the lungs. | * Positioning patients: To allow gravity to help sputum drain from the lungs. | ||
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* They play a vital role in weaning a patient off ventilation. | * They play a vital role in weaning a patient off ventilation. | ||
=== Long term Goals: === | |||
* They plan an extensive rehabilitation programme to integrate and re-initiate the patient into society. | * They plan an extensive rehabilitation programme to integrate and re-initiate the patient into society. | ||
* They set goals in conjunction with the medical team to rehabilitate the patient. | * They set goals in conjunction with the medical team to rehabilitate the patient. | ||
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</ref> | </ref> | ||
== Physiotherapy Techniques in ICU | == Physiotherapy Techniques in ICU == | ||
=== Respiratory Physiotherapy : === | === Respiratory Physiotherapy : === | ||
The role of the respiratory physiotherapist is to assist in clearing the airways of the patients, and maintaining and improving the integrity of the respiratory system. Treatment interventions include: | |||
* Positioning, | |||
* Education, | |||
* Manual and ventilator hyperinflation, | |||
* Weaning from mechanical ventilation, | |||
* Non-invasive ventilation, | |||
* Percussion, vibration, suctioning, | |||
* Respiratory muscle strengthening, | |||
* Breathing exercises and mobilisation<ref>Denehy L, Berney S. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233585155_Denehy_L_Berney_S_Physiotherapy_in_the_intensive_care_unit_Phys_Ther_Rev_20061149-56 Physiotherapy in the intensive care unit.] Physical Therapy Reviews. 2006;11(1):49.</ref> | |||
=== Rehabilitation === | |||
=== Rehabilitation | |||
Early Mobilisation with a focus on returning to functional activities helps in reducing hospital stay and minimize functional decline. | Early Mobilisation with a focus on returning to functional activities helps in reducing hospital stay and minimize functional decline. | ||
| Line 63: | Line 61: | ||
* to identify their current rehabilitation needs | * to identify their current rehabilitation needs | ||
* For patients at risk, start rehabilitation as early as clinically possible which should include: | * For patients at risk, start rehabilitation as early as clinically possible which should include: | ||
# Measures to prevent avoidable physical and non-physical morbidity, | |||
# Nutrition support | |||
# An individualised, structured rehabilitation programme with frequent follow-up reviews. The details of the structured rehabilitation programme and the reviews should be collated and documented in the patient's clinical records.<ref>NICE clinical guideline 83 Developed by the Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE [https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg83/evidence/full-guideline-pdf-242292349 Rehabilitation after critical illness in adults] Published date: <time>March 2009</time> </ref> | |||
== Impact of Physiotherapy == | == Impact of Physiotherapy == | ||
Early intervention by physiotherapists in the ICU helps | Early intervention by physiotherapists in the ICU helps | ||
* | * Reduce the patient's stay in the ICU and overall hospital stay. | ||
* | * Prevent ICU related complications | ||
* | * To improve function and quality of life in long term<ref>https://physiotherapy.ca/sites/default/files/valuePT/cpa_valuept_icu-en.pdf</ref> | ||
Studies have shown that Physiotherapy intervention in Critical care has helped reduce the mortality rate by 25%.<ref>Tomasi CD, Figueiredo F, Constantino L, Grandi R, Topanotti MFL, Giombelli V, Dal-Pizzol F, Ritter C. Beneficial effect of respiratory physiotherapy in critically ill patients ventilated for more than 48 hours: A randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine. Conference 23rd Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, ESICM Barcelona Spain. Date of publication: September 2010.</ref> | Studies have shown that Physiotherapy intervention in Critical care has helped reduce the mortality rate by 25%.<ref>Tomasi CD, Figueiredo F, Constantino L, Grandi R, Topanotti MFL, Giombelli V, Dal-Pizzol F, Ritter C. Beneficial effect of respiratory physiotherapy in critically ill patients ventilated for more than 48 hours: A randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine. Conference 23rd Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, ESICM Barcelona Spain. Date of publication: September 2010.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 01:30, 7 June 2019
Original Editor - Jaison Kiran Dsouza
Top Contributors - Vidya Acharya, Rucha Gadgil, Kim Jackson, Jaison Kiran Dsouza, Karen Wilson, Admin and Adam Vallely Farrell
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Critical care is the specialised care of patients whose conditions are life-threatening and who require comprehensive care and constant monitoring, usually in intensive care units (ICUs).
Critically ill patients frequently suffer long-term physical and psychological complications. They are on long term mechanical ventilation and as a result, 25% display significant muscle weakness, and approximately 90% of long-term ICU survivors will have ongoing muscle weakness. Prolonged stays in the intensive care unit are also associated with impaired quality of life, functional decline and increased morbidity, mortality, cost of care and length of hospital stay.[1]
Therefore, they require a multidisciplinary team in critical care who are uniquely qualified with skills and expertise to work with the assessment and management of respiratory complications, physical deconditioning, and neuromuscular and musculoskeletal conditions.
Physiotherapy treatment as part of a multi-disciplinary approach to care is integral in promoting lung function, reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, facilitating weaning and promoting safe and early discharge from the intensive care unit.
Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in ICU[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapy is an important intervention that prevents and mitigates adverse effects of prolonged bed rest and mechanical ventilation during critical illness. Rehabilitation delivered by the physiotherapist is tailored to patient needs and depends on conscious state, psychological status and physical strength of the patient. It incorporates any active and passive therapy that promotes movement and includes mobilisation. Early progressive physiotherapy, with a focus on mobility and walking whilst ventilated, is essential in minimising functional decline.
Adverse effects of ICU stay:
- Physical Inactivity leading to muscular atrophy and generalized weakness
- Diaphragmatic weakness due to prolonged mechanical ventilation
- Pressure Ulcers
- compromised cardiac and respiratory function
- deep vein thrombosis
- infections
Physiotherapist works to maintain and improve respiration and cardiac functions and later on aid in rehabilitation.
Short term Goals:[edit | edit source]
- Early activity - Both passive and active to maintain integrity of musculoskeletal system
- Positioning patients: To allow gravity to help sputum drain from the lungs.
- Manual techniques such as shaking and vibrations: These are applied to the ribs to try to loosen and clear the sputum.
- Suction: By placing a small tube into the lungs to suck out the excess sputum.
- They play a vital role in weaning a patient off ventilation.
Long term Goals:[edit | edit source]
- They plan an extensive rehabilitation programme to integrate and re-initiate the patient into society.
- They set goals in conjunction with the medical team to rehabilitate the patient.
Rehabilitation goals are set in communication with the patient, patient's family and the medical team and are divided into short, medium or long term and change throughout the patient's recovery from critical illness. They can be physical as well as psychological but are concerned with the functional needs of the patient. Goals will need to be achievable and based on a regular patient assessment of physical and non-physical consequences of the critical illness throughout their recovery and change according to the progress.[2]
Physiotherapy Techniques in ICU[edit | edit source]
Respiratory Physiotherapy :[edit | edit source]
The role of the respiratory physiotherapist is to assist in clearing the airways of the patients, and maintaining and improving the integrity of the respiratory system. Treatment interventions include:
- Positioning,
- Education,
- Manual and ventilator hyperinflation,
- Weaning from mechanical ventilation,
- Non-invasive ventilation,
- Percussion, vibration, suctioning,
- Respiratory muscle strengthening,
- Breathing exercises and mobilisation[3]
Rehabilitation[edit | edit source]
Early Mobilisation with a focus on returning to functional activities helps in reducing hospital stay and minimize functional decline.
The goals are mapped out based on patient's physical, psychological status. During his critical care unit stay, physiotherapists should perform a short clinical assessment
- to determine the patient's risk of developing physical and non-physical morbidity.
- to identify their current rehabilitation needs
- For patients at risk, start rehabilitation as early as clinically possible which should include:
- Measures to prevent avoidable physical and non-physical morbidity,
- Nutrition support
- An individualised, structured rehabilitation programme with frequent follow-up reviews. The details of the structured rehabilitation programme and the reviews should be collated and documented in the patient's clinical records.[4]
Impact of Physiotherapy[edit | edit source]
Early intervention by physiotherapists in the ICU helps
- Reduce the patient's stay in the ICU and overall hospital stay.
- Prevent ICU related complications
- To improve function and quality of life in long term[5]
Studies have shown that Physiotherapy intervention in Critical care has helped reduce the mortality rate by 25%.[6]
Resources[edit | edit source]
Physical Therapy Intervention in ICU
Physiotherapy in Intensive Care Unit
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy works: critical care. Accessed on 2/6/19 http://www.csp.org.uk/publications/physiotherapy-works-critical-care
- ↑ Rahimi RA, Skrzat J, Reddy DR, Zanni JM, Fan E, Stephens RS, Needham DM. Physical rehabilitation of patients in the intensive care unit requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a small case series. Physical therapy. 2013 Feb 1;93(2):248-55.
- ↑ Denehy L, Berney S. Physiotherapy in the intensive care unit. Physical Therapy Reviews. 2006;11(1):49.
- ↑ NICE clinical guideline 83 Developed by the Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE Rehabilitation after critical illness in adults Published date:
- ↑ https://physiotherapy.ca/sites/default/files/valuePT/cpa_valuept_icu-en.pdf
- ↑ Tomasi CD, Figueiredo F, Constantino L, Grandi R, Topanotti MFL, Giombelli V, Dal-Pizzol F, Ritter C. Beneficial effect of respiratory physiotherapy in critically ill patients ventilated for more than 48 hours: A randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine. Conference 23rd Annual Congress of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, ESICM Barcelona Spain. Date of publication: September 2010.
