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...ular motion. <ref name=":0">Clarkson Hazel M. Musculoskeletal Assessment - Joint Motion and Muscle Testing. 3rd Edition. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams & The patient's shoulder is stabilized by the weight of their trunk, when supine.

...ty of joint functions:''' functions of the range and ease of movement of a joint. ...zed; impairments such as in hypermobility of joints, frozen joints, frozen shoulder, arthritis

...mination-of-the-Unstable-Shoulder.pdf Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder.] Sports Medicine. 2002 Jun;32:447-57.</ref><br> ...er instability and laxity tests in subjects with and without self-reported shoulder problems.] BMJ open. 2018 Mar 1;8(3):e018472.</ref><ref>Dutton, M. (2008).

...t is used to assess the stability of the [[Glenohumeral Joint|Glenohumeral joint]]. ...head, more movement is considered to be a sign of [[Glenohumeral Joint|GH joint]] laxity.<br>

...sess the integrity of the [[Acromioclavicular Joint|acromioclavicular (AC) joint]]. ...across the patient's body, bringing their elbow towards the contralateral shoulder <ref name=":0">Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El Rassi G, McFarland EG. [https

Shoulder abduction ...nrestricted shoulder girdle range.<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>

...the shoulder to check for posterior instability of the [[Shoulder|shoulder joint]]. <ref name=":0">Hattam P, Smeatham A. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Ex The patient lies in a supine position with the shoulder at 90° abduction, with some external rotation, so the arm is horizontal wh

...ell R. Diagnostic values of tests for acromioclavicular joint pain. J Bone Joint Surg. 2004; 86(4):807-812.</ref> *If pain is elicited or increased in the region of the acromioclavicular joint, the test is considered positive

...to test for anterior instability of the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]]. ...erior glide of the head of the humerus) for risk of [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]].

...r. Available from http://at.uwa.edu/special%20tests/specialtests/UpperBody/shoulder%20Main%20Page.htm</ref> ...erior shoulder stability]].It assesses [[Humerus|humeral head]] inferior [[Shoulder Subluxation|subluxation.]]<ref name=":2" />

...y of the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral]] joint capsule, or to assess [[Shoulder Instability|glenohumeral instability]] in an anterior direction.<br> ...pist will flex the patient's elbow to 90 degrees and abducts the patient's shoulder to 90 degrees, maintaining neutral rotation.&nbsp; The examiner then slowly

Each joint has a normal [[Range of Motion|ROM]] range of values, while each person has ...name=":1">Wem [https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Range_of_motion_by_joint ROM by joint] Available online:https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Range_of_motion_by_joint [acce

Shoulder internal rotation (IR) Shoulder external rotation (ER)

...Joint Replacement Available: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-joint-replacement/<nowiki/>(accessed 24.12.2023)</ref> ...oplasty), and various other procedures exist which attempt to realigne the joint (e.g. osteotomies) or resurfacing with tissue.<ref>Radiopedia Arthroplasty

Shoulder horizontal abduction Shoulder is abducted to 90 degrees and elbow is flexed to 90 degrees

The examiner places the patient's arm shoulder in 90 degrees of shoulder flexion with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees and then internally rotates the ...int video - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/study/anatomy-glenohumeral-joint</ref>

...he shoulder to understand the arthrokinematic movement within the shoulder joint. ...>Dashottar A, Borstad J. Posterior glenohumeral joint capsule contracture. Shoulder Elbow. 2012 Oct;4(4):230-6.</ref>

...tify a superior anterior and posterior glenoid labral tear of the shoulder joint.<br> # The patient lies in supine position with affected shoulder slightly over the edge of the bed.

...used to assess the function of [[Supraspinatus]] muscle and tendon of the shoulder complex. <br> ...patient's thumb should be pointing up. The therapist should stabilize the shoulder while applying a downward force to the arm whilst the patient tries to resi

...reference to anterior and posterior drawer tests]. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume. 1984 Aug;66(4):551-6. </ref> '''Step2.''' Relax the affected shoulder by holding patients arm ( or placing hand on axilla) with therapist one han