Search results

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> ...inemann: Edinburgh 3-24.</ref>. Therefore careful planning of the physical examination is required. In particular for this framework, the possible vasculogenic (c

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

== Clinical Examination == *[[Hip Examination|Hip Examination]]

== Clinical Examination == *[[Lumbar Examination|Lumbar Examination]]

...217fb55e0000000/Clinical-Examination-of-the-Unstable-Shoulder.pdf Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder.] Sports Medicine. 2002 Jun;32:447-57.</ref><br> ...J open. 2018 Mar 1;8(3):e018472.</ref><ref>Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companie

...rve. <ref name=":1">Hattam P, Smeatham A. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.</ref> <br> == Clinical Context ==

...-169.</ref><ref name="Byrd">Byrd, J.W., Jones, K.S. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography, an == Physical Examination ==

...80: 624-28.</ref><ref name="Cleland">Cleland J, 2005, Orthopedic Clinical Examination: An Evidence-Based Approach for Physical Therapists, 1st edition, New Jerse [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...et al">Flynn T, Cleland J, Whitman J. User's Guide to the Musculoskeletal Examination: Fundamentals for the Evidence-based Clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence ...lature is contracted.<ref name="Flynn et al" /><ref>Dutton, M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2

...has been sought for generations. Castell's sign in conjunction with other clinical information, can be reliably used to indicate the presence or absence of sp ...nic enlargement (a positive Castell’s sign)<ref>Examination of the Spleen. Examination of the Spleen | Stanford Medicine 25 | Stanford Medicine. <nowiki>http://st

...xplore a given orthopaedic, integrate best evidence, including analysis of clinical trials, and develop and present professional digital content on a public wi ...reatment approaches that have been documented via clinical trials or other clinical research, if available, should be emphasized; if not the relative value of

== Examination Findings == Physical examination revealed significant loss of active and passive range of motion and weaknes

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> ...gh 533-549.</ref>, may vary somewhat depending on the patient’s individual clinical presentation, and in particular in the presence of risk factors previously

== Technique<ref>Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companie ...ecurrent dislocation, but not subluxation.<ref>Gerber, C., Ganz, R. (1984) Clinical assessment of instability of the shoulder. J Bone and Joint Surg. 66B:551.<

...91;(74):404-405]</ref><ref name="Cleland">Cleland J. Orthopaedic Clinical Examination: An Evidence-Based Approach for Physical Therapists. Philadelphia; Saund [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...al">Konin JG, Wiksten DL, Isear JA, Brader H. Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination. Thorofare: SLACK Incorporated; 2006.</ref>.<br> ...ntent/8/6/221.full Sensitivity]<ref name="Lalkhen">Lalkhen A. McCluskey A. Clinical tests: sensitivity and specificity. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 200

...mmon Tests for Ankle Examination]. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation. 2020 Jul 8:100072.</ref>. ...rater reliability 0.75 according to kappa<ref>Alonso A, Khoury L, Adams R. Clinical tests for ankle syndesmosis injury: reliability and prediction of return to

...Simons E, Riphagen I, Ammendolia C, Verhagen A, Laslett M, et al. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back p ...Simons E, Riphagen I, Ammendolia C, Verhagen A, Laslett M, et al. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back p

...emely concerned and tired because of his pain. His CSI score was above the clinical threshold. == Examination Findings ==

...aid diagnosis and inform treatment. Percussion plays a key role in such an examination, when performed in conjunction with other techniques such as auscultation, ...e sounds should be noted and recorded as part of the objective respiratory examination<ref name="Hough">Hough, A 1996. Physiotherapy in Respiratory Care. 2nd ed.

To start the test, the patient/client lies supine on an examination table. The therapist uses the non-dominant hand to apply a series of downwa {{#ev:youtube|f76eVYmCmvg|600}}<ref>Clinical Examination Videos. Patella tap test - Ballottement test. Available from: http://www.yo

...t]]. <ref name=":0">Hattam P, Smeatham A. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.</ref><br> == Clinical Context ==

...ass the third examination. The privilege shall not exceed beyond the third examination.<ref name="Laws" /> ...ce, be examined by the board, and if found qualified, and if he passes the examination, shall be licensed to practice.<ref name="Laws" /><br>

...rg B, Johnsson B, Ekdahl C. [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/204434315.pdf Clinical tests on impairment level related to low back pain: a study of test reliabi [[Category:Sacroiliac Examination]]

...A. [https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.342125061 Clinical orthopedic examination findings in the upper extremity: correlation with imaging studies and diagn [[Category:Elbow - Assessment and Examination]]

== Clinical Impression == Summarization of examination findings,&nbsp;working diagnosis and targeted interventions

...www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891842209000731?via%3Dihub Clinical diagnosis and assessment of the pediatric pes planovalgus deformity]. Clini ...i.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241541/ Foot and ankle history and clinical examination: A guide to everyday practice]. World Journal of Orthopedics. 2017 Jan 18;8

...complete distal biceps tendon rupture: a nuanced approach to the clinical examination. Am J Sports Med. 2013 Sep;41(9):1998-2004. doi: 10.1177/0363546513493383. [[Category:Elbow - Assessment and Examination]]

...SR. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3540300/ Revisiting the clinical anatomy of the alar ligaments]. European Spine Journal. 2013 Jan;22(1):60-4 ...cle/abs/pii/S187887501932114X Unilateral alar ligament injury: diagnostic, clinical, and biomechanical features]. World Neurosurgery. 2019 Dec 1;132:e878-84.</

...ref>Flynn TW, Cleland JA, Whitman JM. Users' guide to the musculoskeletal examination: fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. United States; Evidence in ...name="Malanga et al">Malanga GA, Andrus S, Nadler SF, McLean J. Physical examination of the knee: a review of the original test description and scientific valid

...Somford MP, Maissan F, Heisen J, Eygendaal D, van den Bekerom MP. Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence? A systematic literature review. Br J Sp ...iveness of a specific physiotherapy regimen on patients with tennis elbow: clinical study. Physiotherapy, 2002; 88: 333–341.</ref>

...C, Sauvé PS, Lindau T, Shin AY. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25091336/ Examination of the wrist: Ulnar-sided wrist pain due to ligamentous injury.] J Hand Sur

...t]]. <ref name=":0">Hattam P, Smeatham A. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.</ref><br> == Clinical Tip ==

.../April2013/LabralTestsHip.Burgess.MT.2011.pdf The validity and accuracy of clinical diagnostic tests used to detect labral pathology of the hip: a systematic r ...pmc/articles/PMC2565117/ Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity of Physical Examination Tests for Hip Labral Lesions: A Systematic Review]. The Journal of Manual M

...postoperative subscpularis weakness the belly off sign is a promising new clinical tool. ...wSdh6agAg&scisig=AAGBfm11WBwfBcGb5h-V953vUJBZNXpyjw Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for subacromial impingement syndrome: a systematic review and meta-an

...(3):309-12.</ref><ref>BERGAN J. Risk Factors, Manifestations, and Clinical Examination of the Patient with Primary Venous Insufficiency. InThe Vein Book 2007 Jan [[Category:Hip - Assessment and Examination]]

...contralateral side.&nbsp;<ref>Cook CE and Hegedus EJ. Orthopedic Physical Examination Tests: An Evidence-Based Approach. Prentice Hall. New Jersey. 2007.</ref>&n *Ligament lesions that are not identified by the talar tilt examination may be diagnosed by the anterior drawer sign

== Examination&nbsp; == ...tis|Lateral Epicondylalgia]] can be done through [[Elbow Examination|Elbow Examination]]

...ticipants completed the process. These therapists were selected upon their clinical experience, background, recommendation or involvement in teaching and/or re ...was then developed into a proforma which could be easily implemented into clinical practice.

..., Cleland, J.A., Whitman, J.M. (2008). User's guide to the musculoskeletal examination: Fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence ...d the -LR to be .32<ref name="Mustafa">Mustafa et al. Diagnostic values of clinical diagnostic tests in subacromial impingement syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2000;59

==Examination Findings== On examination, no other neuromuscular disorders were present. Zameer was able to stand an

...uted greatly to the development of a comprehensive and systematic physical examination of the moving parts of the body. ...oarthritis|arthritis]], or following prolonged immobilization. <ref>Lim W. Clinical Application and Limitations of the Capsular Pattern. Physical Therapy Korea

== Clinical Presentation == ...lly seen in those ages 35-55.<ref name=":0">Dutton M, Dutton's Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; c2020.</ref>

...46484/ Primitive reflexes and postural reactions in the neurodevelopmental examination]. Pediatric neurology. 2004 Jul 1;31(1):1-8.</ref> The persistence of these == Clinical Relevance ==

...ssman TW. Examination and diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders- clinical examination. Imaging Modalities, Stuttgart ,Georg Thieme Verlag, 2001, 252-253</ref><re

You must pass an examination approved by the director ...and Occupations<br> Chapter 38: PHYSICAL THERAPISTS<br> 26 V.S.A. § 2103. Examination<br><br>

...ion. <ref name=":0">Hattam P, Smeatham A. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.</ref> ...forearm (just above the wrist joint).<ref>Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companie

...to 5 minutes.<ref>Rosati M, Martignoni R, Spagnolli G, Nesti C, Lisanti M. Clinical validity of the elbow flexion test for the diagnosis of ulnar nerve compres ...utube|PTpUzXdBvpo|300}} <div class="text-right"><ref>Ulnar Nerve, Clinical Examination - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim. nabil ebraheim. Availab

...rior shear force to both sacroiliac joints since the ilia are fixed by the examination bench. The test is positive if pain is reproduced in the sacroiliac region. ...ne W. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X9990228X Clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint: A systematic methodological review. Part 1:

Clinical Examination Videos. Available from: https://youtu.be/f76eVYmCmvg </ref></div></div>

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Clinical Presentation == *   [[Hip Examination|Hip-examination.]]

...een magnetic resonance imaging findings and postural maneuver and physical examination tests in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome: results of a double-blind,

== Examination Findings == On examination it was observed that Fatima can stand and walk on the dorsum of the foot wa

==Clinical Prediction Rules== ...y of specific disease or outcome are determined.<ref>Adams ST, Leveson SH. Clinical prediction rules. Bmj. 2012 Jan 16;344:d8312.</ref>

...<ref>Flynn TW, Cleland JA, Whitman JM. Users' Guide to the Musculoskeletal Examination: Fundamentals for the Evidence-Based Clinician. Buckner: Evidence in Motion == Technique<ref>Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

...dies. The endorsement by the ACR aided in establishing FM as a respectable clinical diagnosis. The reliability and validity of the TP examination outside the context of FMS specialized rheumatology settings was never test

...land EG. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15995110/ Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome]. JBJS. ...Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity of Acromioclavicular Joint Physical Examination Tests: A Systematic Review].</ref>

...d The biceps squeeze test for diagnosis of distal biceps tendon ruptures]. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007). 2005 Aug 1;437:128-31. </ref ...class="text-right"><ref>BICEPS SQUEEZE TEST. Patras Orthopaedics Clinical Examination. Available from: https://youtu.be|UIi8eLbSqQI</ref></div></div>

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> ...udy of anatomy, biomechanics, physiology, pathology, function and physical examination and treatment.

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]] ...T<ref>Rushton A, Lindsay G (2010). Defining the construct of masters level clinical practice in manipulative physiotherapy. Manual Therapy, 15: 93-99.</ref>.

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

This page follows on the [[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> and is based upon Section 10 Teaching OMT for ...OMPT%20cervical%20framework%20final%202020.pdf International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region for potential of vascular pathologies of the neck pr

...ons. <ref name=":0">Hattam P, Smeatham A. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.</ref><br> <ref name="Munro et al">Munro W, Healy R. The validity and accuracy of clinical tests used to detect labral pathology of the shoulder-a systematic review.

...v/16325078/ Forced shoulder abduction and elbow flexion test: a new simple clinical test to detect superior labral injury in the throwing shoulder.] Arthroscop ...Goode A, Campbell S, et al. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/42/2/80 Physical examination tests of the shoulder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual

...ni_mental_state_examination_2_in.16.aspx Validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination-2 in Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Patients Visiting * The mini-mental state examination is proprietary and takes about 10-15 minutes to administer.

...s who likely have meniscal pathology based on specific characteristics and examination findings. Lowery DJ, Farley TD, Wing DW, Sterett WI, Steadman JR. A clinical composite score accurately detects meniscal pathology. Arthroscopy. 2006; 2

...del Z, Liu AY, Kang L, Wolfe SW, Burket JC, Lee SK. Evaluation of Physical Examination Tests for Thumb Basal Joint Osteoarthritis. Hand (N Y). 2016 Mar;11(1):108- ..., Wolfe, S. W., Burket, J. C., & Lee, S. K. (2016). Evaluation of Physical Examination Tests for Thumb Basal Joint Osteoarthritis. ''Hand (New York, N.Y.)'', ''11

.../bd-chaurasia-books.html Human Anatomy Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical]. Vol 1. CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd, 2010</ref> == Clinical Examination ==

...usculoskeletal symptoms may present with:<ref name=":0">Brukner P. Khan K. Clinical Sports Medicine. 3rd edition. Sydney: McGraw-Hill 2006.</ref> * [[Low Back Pain|Chronic low back pain]] or [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck pain]]<ref name=":0" />

...mptoms and signs useful in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.] Clinical rheumatology. 1983; 2:37-43.</ref>. This study calculated the following val == Testing in clinical practice ==

== Clinical Relevance == ...t also in canoeists and racket sportsmen.<ref name=":1">Brukner P. Khan K. Clinical sports medicine. McGraw-Hill: 2006.</ref>

...trainseeship until at least one year after receiving results of the first examination. <ref name="Virginia 2">Virginia Board of Physical Therapy. Board of Physic ...work must be submitted.&nbsp; For applicants seeking initial licensure by examination, they must submit document of educational requirements; the required applic

Complex clinical reasoning decisions in real time and becoming competent in patient assessme A complete musculoskeletal examination of the patients gives an over view of patients body structure and function.

...updated American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement.] Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2018 Dec 15;14(12):2075-7.</ref> == Clinical Use ==

Waddell’s sign consist of 8 clinical physical signs that are labeled “non-organic signs”. The term non-organ Waddell’s sign 8 clinical signs are divided into 5 broad categories that include<ref name=":0" />

...an">Flynn TW, Cleland JA, Whitman JM. Users' guide to the musculoskeletal examination: fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. United States: Evidence in == Clinical Note ==

...cience/article/pii/S1058274603000478 The belly-press test for the physical examination of the subscapularis muscle]: electromyographic validation and comparison t ...8uiuAc&scisig=AAGBfm1vwNIyyxiOcF0-ZlQ6ZdB2b62BuQ Diagnostic performance of clinical tests for subscapularis tendon tears.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, A

# The patient is seated and positions the [[Shoulder Examination|shoulder]] in 30° abduction, slight lateral rotation, and 30° forward fle # The [[Elbow Examination|elbow]] is in 90° flexion which replicates the position when giving a “

...ait Index]] (DGI) utilizing only the first four items. It is used for the clinical assessment of walking function and has been examined in patients with [[bal [[Category:Neurological - Assessment and Examination]]

...kout?issn=1533-3159&vol=6&page=199 Provocation tests in the cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]. Pain Physician. 2003;6:199-205< ...uring this test.<ref name="hop">Hoppenfeld S, Thomas H, Hutton R. Physical Examination of the Spine &amp; Extremities. New York: Prentice Hall, 1976. p126-127.</r

...<ref name=":0">Sgroi M, Loitsch T, Reichel H, Kappe T. Diagnostic Value of Clinical Tests for Supraspinatus Tendon Tears. Arthroscopy. [https://www-clinicalkey ...tion of the muscle. <ref>Kelly BT, Kadrmas WR, Speer KP. The manual muscle examination for rotator cuff strength: an electromyographic investigation. The American

..._and_Function&oldid=180503.</ref><ref>Houglum PA, Bertoti DB. Brunnstrom's clinical kinesiology. FA Davis; 2012</ref> ...impinging effect. <ref>Flynn , Timothy. ''Users' Guide to Musculoskeletal Examination''. USA: Evidence in Motion, 2008. Print.

Fulcrum Test is a clinical test used to diagnose Femoral Shaft Stress Fracture. [https://physio-pedia. ...healing response.<br>If the clinical test is positive during the physical examination, the diagnosis is confirmed by a bone scan or a [https://physio-pedia.com/M

== Examination Findings == ...houlders: no abnormal posture, no signs of muscular atrophy, the palpatory examination was normal and the mobility was symmetric and with normal movement ranges.

...ynn">Flynn TW, Cleland JA, Whitman JM. User's Guide to the Musculoskeletal Examination--Fundamentals for the Evidence-Based Clinician. Evidence in Motion;2008:94. ...name="Aspinall">Aspinall W. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787255 Clinical testing for the craniovertebral hypermobility syndrome]. J Orthop Sports Ph

The Trendelenburg sign is a quick physical examination that can assist the therapist in assessing for any hip dysfunction.<ref nam ...vis drops toward the unsupported side<ref name=":4">Dutton M. Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention. 2nd ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies,

...er JM, Jokl P. Muscle contusion injury and myositis ossificans traumatica. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007). 2002 Oct 1;403:S110-9.</ref> == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

==Examination Findings== === Subjective Examination ===

The ulnar fovea sign is a clinical test used to specify the cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. ...ence if negative) of ulnar fovea disruption. In a validation study, in the clinical observation to locate foveal disruption and ulnotriquetral ligament injurie

The FADIR (flexion, adduction, internal rotation) test is used for the examination of [[Femoroacetabular Impingement|femoroacetabular impingement syndrome]], ...pmc/articles/PMC2565117/ Concurrent criterion-related validity of physical examination tests for hip labral lesions: a systematic review.] ''J Man Manip Ther''.

...knee on the bed under the patient's. According to Bates' Guide to Physical Examination, the leg should also be externally rotated slightly. The examiner should pl ...let P, Vendittoli PA, Roy JS, Desmeules F. Diagnostic validity of physical examination tests for common knee disorders: An overview of systematic reviews and meta

...531&rep=rep1&type=pdf Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging to physical examination for syndesmotic injury after lateral ankle sprain]. Foot & ankle internatio ...uge KM. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/5/323.full Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for ankle syndesmosis injury]. British journal of sports medicine. 20

...Role of tectorial membrane in the stability of the upper cervical spine]. Clinical Biomechanics, Volume 7, Issue 4, November 1992, Pages 201–207</ref>. == Examination ==

...interventions-ncyp.2019.e1132/abs Retained primitive reflexes in children, clinical implications and targeted home-based interventions. Nursing Children and Yo == Clinical Relevance ==

...han one year to an individual who meets&nbsp; the requirements to take the examination. ...ll request infomration regarding the applicants qualifications to take the examination.&nbsp; A fee will accompany the form and is nonrefundable.

3. Pass an examination authorized by the board or apply for licensure by endorsement, following th ...me within 6 months without being required to reapply. Additional course or clinical work may be required by the board for any who fail the exam more than twice

...k HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El Rassi G, McFarland EG. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome. J Bon [[Category:Clinical Prediction Rules]]

...es the liver down until the sensitive gallbladder meets the fingers during examination, at which point the patient's ability to inhale suddenly stops as though it ...SH. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1237152/ Murphy’s Sign]. Clinical Medicine & Research. 2005 Aug 1;3(3):132–2.</ref>Murphy described two sig

...A proposed evidence-based shoulder special testing examination algorithm: clinical utility based on a systematic review of the literature.] International Jour ...achieved with the certainty and confidence required to meaningfully inform clinical decision making. <ref name="Biederwolf" /><ref name=":0">Lewis J, McCreesh

...rs TG, Morrison WB. MR imaging of meniscal cysts: incidence, location, and clinical significance. Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177(2):409–413].</ref>Meniscal tears ...evier.  Canada. 2008. </ref><ref>Piantanida, A.N. Yedlinsky, N.T. Physical examination of the knee, in The Sports Medicine Resource Manual, Editors: Seidenberg,

== Testing in clinical practice == ...sfunction, lumbar and/or ischiadic pain<ref>Petersen T, Laslett M, Juhl C. Clinical classification in low back pain: best-evidence diagnostic rules based on sy

...ellar plica]]. <ref>Hattam P, Smeatham A. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.</ref><br> == Clinical Context ==

...spinal muscles, and ligaments. [[Low Back Pain|Low back pain]] is a major clinical and socioeconomic burden in the global health sector ...pain is not therefore necessarily the cause of the pain. Correlation with clinical presentation (e.g. myotomal weakness and dermatomal numbness), along side,

...articles/PMC7384326/pdf/main.pdf TFCC injuries: how we treat?]. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2020 Jul 1;11(4):570-9.</ref><ref>Omokawa S, Iida ...ey" sign<ref name=":1">American Society for Surgery of the Hand. The hand: examination and diagnosis. Churchill Livingstone; 1990.</ref>.

*Pass an examination under the direction of the board demonstrating the applicant's knowledge of *Take the examination within 90 days of application<br>

== Clinical Significance == ...motoneurone group of the sacral cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: its clinical significance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1977; 40:464–469.</ref> Addit

The HINTS exam is a cluster of three bedside clinical tests that aim to assess individuals presenting with acute-onset dizziness, ...ose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging]. Stroke. 2009 Nov

...pplication is incomplete, if the applicant is not qualified to sit for the examination, or if the applicant has committed any act that would be grounds for discip ...aduated from an accredited program within the past two years and passed an examination substantially equivalent to that specified in section.

...dentifying pain of predominantly neuropathic origin: validation for use in clinical and postal research. The Journal of Pain. 2005 Mar 1;6(3):149-58.</ref>. ...items and 2 clinical examination items<ref name=":0" />. For the clinical examination, a cotton wool and 23 gauge needle is required. A score of 12 or above is i

...udzinski's sign, and nuchal rigidity in adults with suspected meningitis.] Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2002 Jul 1;35(1):46-52.</ref> * In clinical practice both kernig's and [[Brudzinski’s Sign|brudzinski's sign]] are fr

Considerable anatomical variations present with this nerve. This may lead to clinical implications in surgery, diagnosis.<ref name=":0" /> === Examination ===

Clinical screening tool for meniscal tears/ lesions. ...ibis AH, Zachos V, Karantanas AH, Malizos KN. Diagnostic accuracy of a new clinical test (the Thessaly test) for early detection of meniscal tears. J Bone Joi

== Clinical relevance == .../><ref>Standring S, editor. Gray's anatomy e-book: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015 Aug 7.</ref>

A clinical decision rule used to indicate the use of radiography of the knee following ...DC, Yealy DM, Lukens T, Auble T, Mathias S. Multicenter comparison of two clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute, high-risk knee injuries

== Examination <ref name="Josephine" /> == == Key Research <ref name="Josephine">Nicola Maffulli. The Clinical Diagnosis of Subcutaneous Tear of the Achilles Tendon: A Prospective Study

...erly deaf individuals. It can be used to detect neurodegeneration or as a clinical baseline for future comparison. <ref name=":0">DCAL [Internet]. Dcalportal. It is designed for administration in clinical and community settings, with questions and instructions presented in BSL vi

== Clinical significance == [[Category:Neurological - Assessment and Examination]]

...d satisfaction with their child’s treatment (five questions). The gait and clinical aspects of assessment included the children’s physical ability to squat,

...2015 Feb.</ref><ref>de Vries JS, Kerkhoffs GM, Blankevoort L, van Dijk CN. Clinical evaluation of a dynamic test for lateral ankle ligament laxity. Knee Surg [[Category:Ankle - Assessment and Examination]]

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> ...vision of IFOMPT is for '''worldwide promotion of excellence and unity in clinical and academic standards for manual/musculoskeletal physiotherapists''', with

...eep stabilisers of the hip.<ref>Brukner, Peter. (2011). ''Brukner & Kahn's Clinical Sports Medicine (4th Edition).'' Australia. McGraw-Hill education Pty Ltd. == Clinical relevance ==

*Must be registered to take the national physical therapy examination. ...onal board exam fo the first time. Applicants who have failed at least one examination attempt or have been licensed in a different state are not eligible for tem

...collected and the advantages and limitations of the use of the GaitRite in clinical practice. The session concluded with a discussion comparing the GaitRite an ...ther methods of gait analysis were tested in a viva that formed part of an examination. The results were good with a cohort mean of Grade C.

...patients who are acutely ill. Available from: https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/assessment-skills/how-to-measure-capillary-refill-time-in-patients- ...nts a big part of the '''C'''irculation during this assessment, a thorough examination should be done and should include:<ref name=":2" />

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == ...oracic Spine Pain, L.G.F. Giles, 2000 (table 18.1 elements of the physical examination p 288) (evidence level 5)</ref>

# Defined clinical entities for groin pain: ...AB, Hölmich P. [https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2018.7850 Clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, and testing of athletes with groin pain: an evidence-b

...ley.com/doi/full/10.1111/apha.12639 The Valsalva manoeuvre: physiology and clinical examples]. Acta physiologica. 2016 Jun;217(2):103-19.</ref>. * Neurological cases, [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] [[radiculopathy]], the test is associated with an increase in in

...and, J.A., &amp; Whitman, J.M. (2008). User's guide to the musculoskeletal examination: Fundamentals for the evidence-based clinician. Buckner, Kentucky: Evidence ...ş M, Akgün K, Birtane M, Karacan I, Çalış H, Tüzün F. Diagnostic values of clinical diagnostic tests in subacromial impingement syndrome. Annals of the rheumat

...:21(10):1229-35]</ref><ref name="Cleland">Cleland J. Orthopaedic Clincial Examination: An Evidence Based Approach for Physical Therapists: Philadelphia: Saund ...gnosing RTC tears<ref name="Miller" />.&nbsp; However, they summarize that clinical diagnosis of ''full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff cannot be conclusiv

== Examination == == Clinical Impression ==

...ed by the board, the applicant shall be issued a temporary license without examination. The time frame can not exceed past one year and applications are only acce ...oards,the examination shall test the applicants knowledge of the basic and clinical sciences related to Physical Therapy. A practical exam may be required at t

...the results of the examination. If the temporary license holder fails the examination, the temporary license expires immediately.<ref name="one">West Virginia Bo *And have passed the examination of the board for licensure.

...im WS, Kim JH, Ha KY, Joo MW, Chung YG.The Passive Compression Test: a new clinical test for superior labral tears of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med. 2007:35(9) [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...tion Test is considered to be positive<ref>Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companie ...pecificity & Likelihood Ratio:<ref>Farber AJ, Castillo R, Clough M, et al: Clinical assessment of three common tests for traumatic anterior shoulder instabilit

...ch use has not yet been validated, it is important to incorporate clinical examination and additional screening tools to ensure accurate diagnosis<ref name=":1">B ...tionnaire consists of 9 items and is completed by the patient (no clinical examination is required)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. There are 7 weighted sensor

== Clinical Presentation == ...clinical examination skills to verify the diagnosis. Palpation and visual examination are usually sufficient to diagnose advance clubbing, however, early stages

== Clinical Presentation == == Subjective Examination ==

.... Has the diagnosis been confirmed and is it a preferred diagnosis for the examination # Chronic Pain. The examination may increase the intensity of pain but the patient remains medically stable

...tman JM, Cleland JA, Flynn TW. Regional Interdependence: A Musculoskeletal Examination Model Whose Time Has Come. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007;37(11):658-660. P == Examination&nbsp; ==

== Clinical Bottom Line == [[Category:Knee - Assessment and Examination]]

...pringer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12909-020-02050-3.pdf Codebook for rating clinical communication skills based on the Calgary-Cambridge Guide]. BMC Med Educ. 2 ...c/articles/PMC5241541/pdf/WJO-8-21.pdf Foot and ankle history and clinical examination: A guide to everyday practice]. World journal of orthopedics. 2017 Jan 18;8

Dysfunction syndrome has a clinical presentation of structurally shortened tissues. The symptoms can be either [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...T), in contrast to other forms of manual examination, is an easily applied clinical test purportedly biased to assess dysfunction at the C1-C2 motion segment. Manual examination has high sensitivity and specificity to detect the presence or absence of c

...her). They are also both very supportive to the childs recovery and to the clinical team. == Examination Findings ==

...name="Kim">Kim SH, Ha KI, Ahn JH, Kim SH, Choi HJ. Biceps load test II: a clinical test for SLAP lesions of the shoulder. ''Arthroscopy'' 2001 February; 17(2) [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...dependence model of musculoskeletal dysfunction: research, mechanisms, and clinical implications. J Man Manip Ther. 2013 May;21(2):90–102.</ref><br> ...n|LBP]] may actually be suffering from disorders of the hip or knee joint. Examination of proximal and distal joints in the same region of the reported pain and d

...23667&ei=Qa8EYr6xOLuP6rQPgrSAyAI&scisig=AAGBfm3lnvLOvDZxoN2q9qAMIR8_X0_wow Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach.] 3rd ed. Philadelph ...<ref name="musculoskeletal">Malanga GA, Nadler S. Musculoskeletal Physical Examination: An Evidence-based Approach. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2006</

...Cuff|rotator cuff]] complex). This test can also be used for the clinical examination of a [[Impingement / Instability Differentiation|shoulder impingement]] syn ...by a specific pathology (the ability of the test to rule-out an injury or clinical diagnosis).<ref>Cochrane UK (2020)https://uk.cochrane.org/news/sensitivity-

== Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

== Knowledge and Skills for Clinical Practice == The examination of individuals or groups with actual or potential impairments, activity lim

...al response. Also, ensure that the baby is awake and not crying during the examination. == Clinical Significance ==

...rd test for diagnosis of this disorder<ref>Fredericson M, Yoon K. Physical Examination and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Mar;85(3):234 [[Category:Knee - Assessment and Examination]]

== Clinical Prediction Rules of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: == ...l tunnel at wrist.<ref>Burton CL, Chesterton LS, Chen Y, van der Vindt DA. Clinical course and prognostic factors in conservatively managed Carpal Tunnel Syndr

...ome|posterior superior iliac spine]] (PSIS). This may be a useful test for clinical evaluation of a subject's ability to stabilize intrapelvic motion.<ref name ...de of movement<ref name="Lee">Lee D. The pelvic girdle: an approach to the examination and treatment of the lumbo-pelvic-hip region. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill

...ncott Williams and Wilkins 2005, pp 495-496.</ref><ref name=":1">Barman B. Clinical Sign Revisited: Hoffman’s sign. Indian J Med Spec 2010; 1(1):44-45</ref> ...ardson W. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113267/ Clustered clinical findings for diagnosis of cervical spine myelopathy.] Journal of Manual & M

...palms and 3rd-5th fingers.<ref name=":0">↑ Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companie ...enes J, Albrektsen G, Wester K. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17936054/ Clinical assessment techniques for detecting ligament and membrane injuries in the u

...lace for information for physical therapy interns.&nbsp; The PTC/Redbud PT clinical education committee will continue to resource the page and interns will add ...s during your clinical rotation. The modules contain articles, videos, and clinical reasoning exercises. Each module correlates with the CPI sections to ensure

** Clinical Experience ** Written examination and quizzes

'''Licensure by Examination: U.S Graduates''' *Passing score on the Maryland Jurisprudence Examination<br>

== Clinical Relevance == [[Category:Pelvis - Assessment and Examination]]

Arm Squeeze Test is a clinical test used to distinguish cervical nerve root compression from shoulder dise == Clinical Relevant Anatomy ==

== Examination/Clinical Presentation == # Intersection syndrome is a clinical diagnosis, although a musculoskeletal ultrasound can easily confirm it. Ult

..., Robert L Larson. Rotatory Intability of the Knee: its pathogenesis and a clinical test to demonstrate its presence. The journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, am ...f the tibia on the femur is possible, <ref name="zes">Neuromusculoskeletal examination and assessment: a handbook for therapists – Nicola F Petty, Ann P Moore</

...Caplan B. eds. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3 Encyclopedia of clinical neuropsychology]. New York, NY ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2011.</ref> It is a ...279472/ Assessment of primitive reflexes in high-risk newborns. Journal of clinical medicine research.] 2011 Dec;3(6):285.</ref>

...edirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0887899410001773 Neural mechanism and clinical significance of the plantar grasp reflex in infants.] Pediatric neurology. ...ns.pdf Primitive reflexes and postural reactions in the neurodevelopmental examination. Pediatric neurology.] 2004 Jul 1;31(1):1-8.</ref>

== Clinical Presentation == ...glenoid labral tears: a comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examinations.] The American journal of sports medicine. 1996 Mar;24(2):149-

...pain is common throughout life but is not as well studied as [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck pain]] or [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]]. Thoraci ...e. They occur in approximately 5 in 1,000 disc herniations presenting in a clinical setting.<ref name=":0" />

...ndrome was lower than that found in other studies, regardless of whether a clinical or an electrodiagnostic reference standard was used. The specificity was hi [[Category:Wrist - Assessment and Examination]]

== Clinical Presentation == [[Category:Sacroiliac Examination]]

...700.</ref>. Diagnostic algorithms and classification may be beneficial to clinical decision making and allows clinicians to easily identify the correct interv ...psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.944.1147&rep=rep1&type=pdf Preliminary Examination of a Proposed Treatment-Based Classification System for Patients Receiving

=== Clinical presentation === ...complain of a weakened grip and difficulties lifting objects. On physical examination, patients typically have point tenderness medial and distal to the lateral

...ill transition within 25 years (CITE PLS). Progression is measured through clinical evaluation of the patient’s status and outcome measures, at least once a ...existing literature to describe the history of illness, findings from the examination, interventions, and the resultant outcomes.

...nkle syndesmosis injuries: anatomy, biomechanics, mechanism of injury, and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and intervention. Journal of Orthopaedic&amp;Sport ...007/s00276-003-0156-4#Sec4 Anatomy of the tibiofibular syndesmosis and its clinical relevance]. Surgical and Radiologic anatomy. 2003 Dec 1;25(5-6):379-86.</re

== Clinical Presentation == ...cal Features of the Neutropenic Host: Definitions and Initial Evaluation], Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 39, Issue Supplement_1, July 2004, Pages S53–

...k">Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El RG, McFarland EG. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome. J Bone [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

== Clinical Relevance == === Neuro Examination ===

...https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/130/5/e1285/32499 Clinical prognostic messages from a systematic review on cerebral palsy.] Pediatrics === Radiological examination ===

...cillatory (i.e., rotating around a central plane). Tremor has its own rich clinical phenomenology and various ways of classification. It is a [[Hyperkinetic Mo == Examination ==

== Examination == == Clinical Impression ==

...ion/299392395_The_Clinical_Test_for_the_Sensory_Interaction_of_Balance The Clinical Test for the Sensory Interaction of Balance.] Otorhinolaryngology Clinics. .../S1013702520500134 The effect of the type of foam pad used in the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB) on the accuracy in identif

...antages and are worth knowing to increase the accuracy of the neurological examination. ...A study of observer agreement, sensitivity, and observer bias]. Neurology: Clinical Practice. 2015 Aug 1;5(4):309-16.</ref>.

== Clinical Presentation == ...y may last up to 30 minutes. There are no associated symptoms and physical examination is negative.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Veeram SR, Reddy MD, Harinder R, Singh MD

...UPDRS in patients with early Parkinson’s disease: results of a multicenter clinical trial. Mov Disord 2002;17:758 –763</ref>. ...G. Factor structure of the Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale: Motor Examination section. Mov Disord 1998;13:633– 636</ref><ref>Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Lan

* Hamstring flexibility measurements are of clinical relevance for the prognosis of [[Hamstring Muscle Strain|hamstring injury]] ...ested leg in 90 degrees of flexion.The contralateral leg stays flat on the examination table.&nbsp;The clinician extends the knee until reaching the maximal toler

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

* Clinical Assessment **Clinical examination in cardiorespiratory, neurology and musculoskeletal patients

...ş M, Akgün K, Birtane M, Karacan I, Caliş H, Tüzün F. Diagnostic values of clinical diagnostic tests in subacromial impingement syndrome. ''Ann Rheum Dis''. 20 ...K, Doukas WC, Murphy KP. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of 5 physical examination tests and combination of tests for subacromial impingement. Arch Phys Med R

...ction is important to so many activities of daily living. A hand and wrist examination done in a structured manner will help to facilitate the most appropriate wo == <u></u>Objective Examination ==

*[[Template:Clinical Examination|Clinical Examination]] - for examinations performed for a particular anatomical area. *[[Template:Special Test|Special Test]] - used for particular clinical assessment procedures to identify structures at fault.

...|range of motion]] (ROM) is an important clinical parameter used in [[Knee Examination|knee assessment]]. Knee flexion can be measured with a [[goniometer]]. The

...ion of the Lumbar Spine Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/physical-examination-of-the-lumbar-spine/ (acessed 20.11.2022)</ref> ...ations, there is great variability within the two groups. This limits the clinical usefulness of these measurements.<ref name=":1">McGregor AH, McCarthy D, Do

== Examination Findings == Examination


== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...ota, A., Gill, H.S., EI RG, McFarland, E.G. (2005). Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the different degrees of subacromial impingement syndrome. J Bone [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...al aggravation of symptoms will be very rare if a comprehensive subjective examination was taken and the physiotherapist is able to link this information with a k ...1">Shacklock M. [https://www.elsevier.ca/ca/product.jsp?isbn=9780750654562 Clinical neurodynamics: a new system of neuromusculoskeletal treatment]. Elsevier He

...inal Cord Medicine; 1999.</ref> It is therefore important that a thorough examination of the upper limb with regarding to muscle strength, sensation and function

=== Special Questions (Region‐specific historical examination) === == Clinical Reasoning - What does the History tell you? ==

...xt and preferences. All of this information is useful when formulating the clinical question. This step correlates with the Ask component of the 5 'A's of evid ...n build trust in the following ways<ref>Greene J, Ramos C. A mixed methods examination of health care provider behaviors that build patients’ trust. Patient Edu

== Examination Findings == <u>Examination:</u>

To begin, the patient must sit comfortable and relaxed on the examination table. Next, examine the patients hand in the air, while the other hand res ...f the thumb. <ref name="Day">Richard Day, John Fox; Neuro- musculoskeletal clinical tests; Churchill Livingstone Elsevier 2009- page 113 (Level of evidence = E

The Hypertonia Assessment Tool (HAT) is a standardized clinical tool used to identify different forms of hypertonia in the paediatric popul # Examination table for child/youth to lie down on.

== Examination Findings == ...of Chartered Physiotherapists in Amputee Rehabilitation (BACPAR). (2006). Clinical Guidelines for the Pre and Post Operative Physiotherapy Management of Adult

== Examination == == Physical Examination&nbsp; ==

WI are a frequent clinical entity and are often under-recognised due to slow progression of the presen == Clinical Presentation ==

...mic.oup.com/ptj/article-abstract/85/2/120/2804972 Relationship of physical examination findings and self-reported symptom severity and physical function in patien ...ysicianjournal.com/current/pdf?article=MzMw&journal=3 The inability of the clinical picture to characterize pain from facet joints]. Pain Physician. 2000 Apr;3

...s true lumbar flexion in the measurement of trunk mobility in the clinical examination of patients with chronic low back pain. In regards to their relationship to [[Category:Lumbar Spine - Assessment and Examination]]

...onic stretch reflex threshold as a measure of spasticity: implications for clinical practice.] Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009 May-Jun;16(3):177-88.</ref> ...in Spinal Cord Injury|contractures]] and/or a clasp-knife response before examination<ref name=":1" />.

...0.77) and any other tests. Craig's test is the most commonly used physical examination test for femoral anteversion.<ref name=":2" /> ...tomy|hip]] in neutral and the [[knee]] flexion of 90° of tested side on an examination table.<ref name=":2">Ito I, Miura K, Kimura Y, Sasaki E, Tsuda E, Ishibashi

...j/article-abstract/81/5/1135/2857622 Using published evidence to guide the examination of the sacroiliac joint region.] Physical therapy. 2001 May 1;81(5):1135-43 ...mc/articles/pmc1924656/ specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values of clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint: a systematic review of the literature.] The

...es the ligament it's yellow colour and flexible nature<ref>Nikolai Bogduk. Clinical and Radiological Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 5th Edition.Churchill Livingst == Examination ==

== Clinical relevance == [[Wrist and Hand Examination]]

...ation is not eligible for an interim permit until the applicant passes the examination. ...ermit to the applicant to allow that person to participate in a supervised clinical practice.

The&nbsp;House-Brackmann Scale is one of the most commonly used tool for the clinical evaluation of [[Facial nerve|facial nerve]] function.<ref name="a">Arne Ern ...Brackmann grading system has been found to be of high reliability, however examination of individual grades revealed wide variations between trained observers.<re

== '''Clinical Indication''' == [[Category:Hand - Assessment and Examination]]

...shaidat|Maria Rshaidat]]<nowiki/> as part of [[The University of Waterloo Clinical Biomechanics Project]] [[Category:The University of Waterloo Clinical Biomechanics Project]]

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

*Pass the examination approved by the board. ...ence satisfactory to the board of having successfully completed additional clinical training or coursework, or both, as the board determines."

== Examination Findings == On examination, subjectively he spoke about the pain that he was experiencing. He explaine

...D.L.+Skaggs,+J.M.+Flynn.+Staying+out+of+trouble+in+pediatric+orthopaedics.+Examination+of+the+spine.+Philadelphia,+2006.+P20-21.+Level+of+evidence:+D&ots=d_mu8QW6 ....htm (accessed 11 November 2011)</ref> <ref name="[3]">Scoliosis. Physical Examination. http://adam.about.net/reports/000068_5.htm (accessed 11 November 2011)</re

...al considerations used with a below-knee amputee in clinical practice. The clinical setting is Regent Park Community Health Centre. This is a multidisciplinary == Examination Findings ==

...able from: https://www.nihstrokescale.org/ (Accessed 12/07/2022)</ref>. In clinical practice it can be used to evaluate and document [[Neurological Assessment| The NIHSS is a 15-item neurological examination stroke scale used to evaluate the effect of acute cerebral infarction on th

...h RA. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1699258X12002434 Clinical anatomy of the ankle and foot.] Reumatologia clinica 2012;8:46-52.</ref> == Clinical Examination ==

== Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

...eillance Model of Care'''</u> provided by Physical Therapists incorporates examination of physical and functional domains into the medical model currently used fo | Preoperative examination: UE ROM, strength, limb volume, anthropometric measures (eg, body mass inde

In clinical practice, it is beneficial to develop standard practice protocols. Followin ...icle/abs/pii/S1413355521000794 Your spine is so worn out’–the influence of clinical diagnosis on beliefs in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain–

=== Types and Clinical Significance === [[Category:Lumbar Spine - Assessment and Examination]]

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...TR. Plantar fasciitis and the windlass mechanism: a biomechanical link to clinical practice. Journal of athletic training. 2004 Jan 1;39(1):77.</ref>. ...la A. Physical Examination of the Foot and Ankle. Musculoskeletal Physical Examination E-Book: An Evidence-Based Approach. 2016 Jul 27:199. </ref>

...tps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18560194 The interrater reliability of 4 clinical tests used to assess individuals with musculoskeletal hip pain]. J Orthop S ...iliac joint dysfunction, or an iliopsoas spasm.<ref>Dutton M. Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention. 2nd ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies,

..., Gehring D, Lange T, Fuerst-Meroth D, Streicher P, Schmal H, Gollhofer A. Clinical evaluation of manual stress testing, stress ultrasound and 3D stress MRI in [[Category:Ankle - Assessment and Examination]]

...nely innervated an area of [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Skin skin] is. In clinical settings, two-point discrimination is a widely used technique for assessing ...9461 Extension of normal values on sensory function for facial areas using clinical tests on touch and two-point discrimination.] International journal of oral

...echanism of injury is a deep injury to the arm, forearm and [[Wrist & Hand Examination|wrist]] causing damage to the [[Median Nerve|median nerve]] thereby causing == Clinical Presentation ==

...ve test.<ref name=":0">Park KB, Kim SJ, Chun YM, Yoon TH, Choi YS, Jung M. Clinical and diagnostic outcomes in arthroscopic treatment for posterolateral plicae ...Dzianach M, Stefaniak J, Romanowski L. Synovial plica of the elbow and its clinical relevance. EFORT Open Rev. 2020 Sep 30;5(9):549-557. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241

== Clinical presentation == The typical clinical presentation of DHS refers to a “chin on chest” posture due to neck ext

...the most important step in the rehabilitation process, helps to guide our clinical reasoning and [[Decision Making Toolkits|decision]] when making informed de === On Examination ===

== Clinical relevant anatomy == == Characteristics/Clinical presentation ==

* Administer the Physiotherapy Competency Examination to determine a candidate's readiness for safe, effective, and independent p ...mandatory Credentialing process before taking the Physiotherapy Competency Examination (PCE).<br>The Québec: L'ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québ

Bowstring sign is a passive provocative clinical test that is performed in patients presenting with [[Low Back Pain|low back ...ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5483767/ Lasègue's Sign.] ''Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR'', ''11''(5), RG01–RG02. <nowiki>https://

== Clinical Signs == In order to substantiate the use of these examination findings, additional studies should be considered to establish diagnostic v

...ef name="one">Marks M C, Alexander J, Sutherland D H, Chambers H G. (2003) Clinical utility of the Duncan-Ely test for rectus femoris dysfunction during the sw ...surgery for hip deformity in children with cerebral palsy. A comparison of clinical and electromyographic findings. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1976;58:201–208.<

...name=":4">Downs MB, Laporte C. Conflicting dermatome maps: educational and clinical implications. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2011 Jun;41 Testing of dermatomes is part of the neurological examination. They are primarily used to determine whether the [[Sensation|sensory]] lo

This page follows on the [[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> and is based on Section 9 Safe OMT Practice fr ...OMPT%20cervical%20framework%20final%202020.pdf International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region for potential of vascular pathologies of the neck pr

The treatment was aimed to improve physical impairments found in the examination, while the main purposes were functional - regaining as much independency a == Examination Findings ==

...ubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32742122/ TFCC injuries: How we treat?]. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2020 Jul 1;11(4):570-9.</ref> ...n distal radioulnar joint and the microvasculature of its articular disk]. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 1992 Feb 1;275:19-28.</ref>

== Examination Findings == After the history and examination were taken the patient presented with the following information based off o

== Clinical Implication == ...vision, which results in frequent timing errors.<ref name=":0" /> A common clinical presentation of persistent TLR in children is toe- walking, especially in c

== Clinical Significance == [[Category:Neurological - Assessment and Examination]]

== Clinical relevance == ...LCL is congenitally absent. <ref>Hoppenfeld S, Hutton R, Hugh T. Physical examination of the spine and extremities. 1st ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 19

...the_shoulder_With_special_reference_to_anterior_and_posterior_drawer_tests Clinical assessment of instability of the shoulder. With special reference to anteri |+<ref name=":02">Lizzio VA, Meta F, Fidai M, Makhni EC. Clinical Evaluation and Physical Exam Findings in Patients with Anterior Shoulder In

...athletes and their safety<ref>Myers A, Sickles T. Preparticipation sports examination. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 1998 Mar 1;25(1):225-36. ...0" /><ref name=":1">Pedraza J, Jardeleza JA. The preparticipation physical examination. Primary care. 2013 Sep 21;40(4):791-9.

...K, Harter R, Smith G. Radiographic validation and reliability of selected clinical measures of pronation. J Ath Tr 2000; 35:12-30.</ref>. [[Category:Foot - Assessment and Examination]]

== Clinical Presentation == ...xial compression (PAC) test: A new adjunctive provocative maneuver for the clinical diagnosis of hallucal sesamoiditis]. Foot & ankle international. 2001 Apr;2

...t be considered as guidelines, case studies are powerful material to share clinical experience and knowledge. You could write a case study to represent a typic * Examination Findings

A clinical screening tool used to diagnose the presence of [[Neuropathic Pain|neuropat * Three items are based on the clinical examination. The clinician assesses whether there is reduced sensation (hyposthesia) to

...sical therapy practice and issues around evaluation of these statistics in clinical research. Diagnostic accuracy statistics are often used to describe the eff ...m the history and physical examination. Some data may be used to focus the examination on a specific part of the body, other to identify a specific pathology and

...r RP, Arora A, Monga A, Gupta AK, Mukhopadhyay S. Burning feet syndrome. A clinical review. Aust Fam Physician. 2003 Dec;32(12):1006-9</ref> == Clinical features ==

== Examination Findings == Physical examination notes generalized limited range of motion (ROM) with equinus deformity of t

...urney of the physiotherapist assessing Mr.S using [[ICF and Application in Clinical Practice|ICF]] format. == Examination Findings ==

This clinical case concerns the rehabilitation of Mr. D, 84-year-old, hospitalized furthe == Examination Findings ==

...0749-8063(03)00736-9/pdf The accuracy of joint line tenderness by physical examination in the diagnosis of meniscal tears.] Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscop ...ic tests by evaluating their clinical performance is considered a valuable clinical skill in physiotherapy practice. <ref>Fritz J, Wainner R. [https://pubmed.n

...4 of inter-examiner reliability indicated that the MARM has potential as a clinical and research tool for evaluating breathing pattern, with a Reliabilities ra Another 2008 study found MARM to be a valid and reliable clinical and research tool for assessing breathing movement with good inter-examiner

== Clinical relevance == ...e case of neural irritation at the location of the fibrous arcade clinical examination may reveals tenderness with palpation posterior and lateral to the myotendo

...taches medially.<ref name="Moore">Moore KL, Agur AMR, Dalley AF. Essential clinical anatomy. 4th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2011.</ref> == Clinical Examination ==

...nical test for [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] mobility. It is also known as '''Flesche test'''.<ref>Cervical f * The occiput-wall distance (OWD) cannot substitute highly accurate clinical measures of kyphosis such as [[Cobb's angle]], OWD has been extensively use

== Examination Findings == *Physical examination revealed hip flexor tightness, full knee extension. Muscle weakness of Quad

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...ef name=":0">Hughes PC, Green RA, Taylor NF. Isolation of infraspinatus in clinical test positions. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2014 May 1;17(3): ...a A, Dubs B, Toniolo M, Bisig SP, Tamborrini G. Correlation of findings in clinical and high resolution ultrasonography examinations of the painful shoulder. J

==Clinical Presentation == ...elps guide the diagnosis.<ref name="number 1">MacDermid JC, Michlovitz SL. Examination of the elbow: linking diagnosis, prognosis, and outcomes as a framework for

...rney of the physiotherapist assessing Mr. V using [[ICF and Application in Clinical Practice|ICF]] format. == Examination Findings ==

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation<ref name="William M. Geideman" /> == == Examination ==

...endinopathies]] depends on the mechanism of injury and the patient's motor examination. ...nservative management fails for 6 months or there are strength deficits on examination, surgery should be considered. Based on the current evidence, there are no

...on its diagnosis accuracy, it is difficult to take objective stands on its clinical value. [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...rrent literature as it pertains to the reliability of the manual segmental examination of the lumbar spine and how it plays into the management of patients with l == Evidence for Identifying Stiffness with the Manual Examination<br> ==

...ghly in inter-rater reliability (қ = 0.75)<ref>Interrater Reliability of a Clinical Scale to Assess Knee Joint Effusion Patterson Sturgill et al.; Journal of O [[Category:Knee - Assessment and Examination]]

...ws S. The modified Insall-Salvati ratio for assessment of patellar height. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1992 Sep(282):170-6.</ref> but a study b == Clinical significance ==

...tgomery, J. Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo., Saunders, Elsevier. 2007.</ref> ...s is more of a cosmetic problem (drooling, for example) than a significant clinical one.

...y stroke as a diagnosis. The comprehensive clinical assessment and further examination or imaging for potential stroke patients are still irreplaceable. <ref>Zhi

== Examination == ...HI|300}} <ref>Clinical Physio.Shoulder Passive Range of Movement Testing | Clinical Physio Premium. Available from: https://youtu.be/p8E_ksL96HI </ref>

...is P.S., Blazar, P., &amp; Yoshioka,H. (2009). Ulnar-sided wrist pain. II. Clinical imaging and treatment. Skeletal Radiol, (39), 837-857. (1A)</ref> == Physical Examination ==

...tice includes activities necessary for establishing working relationships, clinical assessments, planning rehabilitation, delivering interventions, communicati ...This most common settings that students would perform include classroom, clinical and community settings. Identifying the setting is useful because this gui

== Examination Findings == Objective examination:

<br>200.2(5) The board will send a notification of eligibility for the examination to the applicant. <br>200.2(6) Have the examination score sent directly from the testing service to the&nbsp;board.<br>

...sification System (GMFCS).<br>2. X-ray of hips as early as possible.<br>3. Clinical assessment including relevant documentation, care, comfort, pain; child’s ...Hip - Assessment and Examination]] [[Category:Paediatrics - Assessment and Examination]]

...en test [1C] The Reverse Phalen's test may therefore be a more appropriate clinical test for truly compressing the carpal tunnel and provoking symptoms of CTS. *Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

...essional education program approved by the board who satisfying supervised clinical education requirements realted to the person's physical therapist education ...am is passed on the second attempt, the applicant must complete additional clinical training or coursework as determined by the board before reapplying for lic

...as a [[Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention|preventive injury strategy]]. SLS clinical rating is a qualitative evaluation and it does not count objective [[Outcom ...riceps]] and [[Gluteal Tendinopathy|gluteal]] muscle groups, and the [[Hip Examination|hip]] stabilizer muscles<ref name=":0">Top end sports [https://www.topendsp

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Examination&nbsp; == ...ntire kinetic chain.<ref name="6a" /><br>Sometimes, it evolves into a full clinical picture of the postero-superior impingement with a development of a SLAP le

...published in 2011. The impairment scale involves both a motor and sensory examination to determine the sensory and motor levels for the right and left side, the '''Sensory Examination'''

...ind mental health outcome measures that can be used by physiotherapists in clinical practice. == Mental Health Outcome Measures for Clinical Physiotherapists ==

...lve their problems, giving the opportunity to make explicit hypotheses and clinical decisions. Most efforts regarding ''POMR'' focus on the implementation of i Phase 1 The formation of a database, including history, physical examination and laboratory and other test results

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...rimaldi, Alison, et al. “[https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/6/519 Utility of Clinical Tests to Diagnose MRI-Confirmed Gluteal Tendinopathy in Patients Presenting == Clinical Relevance ==

...d through a space called ulnar tunnel or [[Guyon Canal|Guyon canal]]. The clinical presentation can be purely sensory, purely motor or both depending on the l == Clinical Presentation ==

...:2">Dutton M. Hip Joint Complex. In: Dutton, M editor. Dutton's orthopedic examination, evaluation, and intervention. 6th edition. New York: McGraw Hill Education ...laxity<ref name=":3">Martin RL, Sekiya JK. The interrater reliability of 4 clinical tests used to assess individuals with musculoskeletal hip pain. J Orthop Sp

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...GA, McDowell I, et al. Use of Radiography in acute knee injuries: need for clinical decision rules. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;2:966-973.</ref><ref name="Gratton et ...Rules may be contraindicated:<ref name="Glynn et al">Glynn P, Weisbach C. Clinical prediction rules: a physical therapy reference manual. Jones Barlett Learni

Characteristics/Clinical Presentation * Clinical research shows elective pressure pain in the canal of Hunter (Adductor Cana

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...z, MS, PT, ATC/L, CSCS, KPTA Research Committee Member. Literature Review: CLINICAL TESTS FOR MENISCUS LESIONS.</ref> ...ccrory DC. [https://www.jospt.org/doi/abs/10.2519/jospt.2007.2560 Physical examination tests for assessing a torn meniscus in the knee: a systematic review with m

...oluntary twitching or jerking of a [[muscle]] or group of muscles. It is a clinical sign and is not itself a disease. The twitching cannot be stopped or contro == Clinical Presentation ==

...Radiculopathy.asp.</ref> </sup>Lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR) is a common clinical problem that involves L5and S1 nerve roots.<ref name="p3">Walk D, Fisher MA == H-Reflex in Lumbosacral Radiculopathy <ref>http://www.amazon.in/Clinical-Significance-Soleus-Reflex-Radiculopathy/dp/3659158062</ref> ==

Pass the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE).<ref name=":2" /> ...state specific requirements such as the passing of a rules and regulations examination.

...t post amputation (Fried et al. 2004). This case study aims to discuss the examination and most appropriate rehabilitation process for an individual elderly patie == Examination Findings ==

...tegrity of the Achilles tendon by squeezing the calf. It is performed as a clinical test to identify the presence of a complete [[Achilles Rupture|Achilles rup ...>Thompson TC, Doherty JH. Spontaneous rupture of tendon of Achilles: a new clinical diagnostic test. J Trauma. 1962 Mar;2:126-9.</ref>

...(ACL) and the medial collateral ligament (MCL). When performing a physical examination, joint line tenderness, joint effusion, and impaired range of motion are th Many studies have attempted to quantitate the reliability of various physical examination findings. In a prospective study comparing preoperative joint line tenderne

...th between those with a positive and a negative Scapular Assistance Test.] Clinical Biomechanics. 2020 Mar 1;73:166-71.</ref> ...istance test has moderate interrater reliability, making it acceptable for clinical use.<ref name=":1" />

...seen by outpatient amputee clinic for twice; however, his demographics and examination findings are discussed along with his rehabilitation plan. Further discussi == Examination Findings ==

== Examination Findings == On examination he presented with a considerable kyphosis which limited ROM at shoulders an

== Subjective Examination == ...1 Apr 28.</ref>. Taking the history is a vital component of the subjective examination as it helps the clinician develop a hypothesis about the mechanism of injur

This is a test that is designed for the clinical identification of lateral patellar instability.&nbsp;<ref name="stress">Ahm [[Category:Knee - Assessment and Examination]]

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...be assessed by the Ortolani and Barlow tests, which play a big role in the clinical screening for [[Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)|developmental dysp An infant with a positive examination result, defined as either a positive Ortolani or Barlow sign, should be ref

...3 Spring;53(1):21-4. Level of Evidence 3B</ref>&nbsp;that is still used in clinical practice in certain settings round the world. This terminology (and use of == Examination ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> ...art of the physical examination may therefore be a valuable test to inform clinical reasoning.

The clinical prediction rule of three or more positive&nbsp;provocation tests that provo ...e.<ref name="Dutton">Dutton M. The shoulder complex. Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Companies.

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...ation with Ultrasonography. However, the test failed to produce negative clinical results in 4 subjects, indicating 0% poor probability of detecting di ...and Manual Tests in the Treatment Evaluation of Chronic Tennis Elbow. The clinical journal of pain 18: 164-170 2002</ref>

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...n<ref>Cameron MH, Monroe L. Physical Rehabilitation-E-Book: Evidence-based examination, evaluation, and intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007 Apr 5.Availab ...Botulinum Toxin in Adult Spasticity.] Botulinum Toxin E-Book: Therapeutic Clinical Practice and Science. 2009 Feb 18:148.Available from: https://www.sciencedi

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...l discs, vertebral bodies, and associated joints of the spine. It is not a clinical diagnosis, but rather a descriptive term utilized to designate spinal probl ...usually be diagnosed based on a patient's history of symptoms, a physical examination, and imaging tests<ref>[https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions

...st.<br> <br>An applicant who has not previously taken the physical therapy examination or an applicant who has not previously held an interim or temporary permit ...t the holder of the interim permit wears identification showing his or her clinical title and/or role in the facility as a graduate physical therapist; and

...science used<ref>Thoomes EJ, Schmitt MS. Practical use of the HOAC II for clinical decision making and subsequent therapeutic interventions in an elite athlet == Clinical Reasoning Using the HOAC ==

...s/PMC1955449/ A theoretical model for the development of a diagnosis-based clinical decision rule for the management of patients with spinal pain.] BMC Musculo ...omenon which reflects immediate changes in symptom status after a physical examination or therapeutic method. Physiotherapists use a variety of tools i.e. positio

...1).</ref> also concluded that VAT has not been consistently validated as a clinical test for VBI. ...lm.nih.gov/pubmed/8728458 The validity of the extension-rotation test as a clinical screening procedure before neck manipulation: a secondary analysis.] Journa

...10.1007/s11999-009-0891-x Compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot.] Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2010;468(4):940-50. </ref> or it can be d ....org/article/med/1680591 Management of compartment syndromes of the foot.] Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1991(271):239-48.</ref><ref name="Shereff

...z JM, Brennan GP. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17374633 Preliminary examination of a proposed treatment-based classification system for patients receiving ...at will direct classification. Differential evaluation of musculoskeletal clinical findings is used to determine the most relevant physical impairments associ

* [[Shoulder Examination|Shoulder]]: *[[Thoracic Examination|Thoracic spine]]:

== Examination Findings == Subjective examination:

...of popliteal fossa.<ref name=":2">Gray's anatomy- The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Forty-first edition.</ref> [[Neurological Assessment|Neurological examination]] is crucial for the assessment of sciatic nerve.

...nd some level of participation restriction, requiring a physical therapist examination.<ref name=":1">Kinirons SA, Do S. The acute care physical therapy HIV/AIDS == Clinical signs of HIV infection ==

...name=":1">Keith L. Moore, Anne M.R. Agur, and Arthur F. Dalley, “Essential Clinical Anatomy,4 ed”</ref> ==Clinical relevance==

...hassett JM, Jayalath VM. The Four Square Step Test is a feasible and valid clinical test of dynamic standing balance for use in ambulant people poststroke. [ht ...0.99)<ref>Dite W, Temple VA. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12422327/ A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...cedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749806318302755 Diagnostic value of clinical tests for supraspinatus tendon tears.] Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthrosc ...t to slowly lower the arm back to neutral.<ref name="buckup">Klaus Buckup. Clinical Tests for the Musculoskeletal System: Examinations - Signs - Phenomena. 2nd

...re is a good alignment of the fracture fragments at postsurgical fixation, clinical outcomes are generally good.<ref name=":2">Carter KR, Nallamothu SV. [https == Examination ==

== Examination Findings == It consists of Mr.J's history(H/O), investigations and objective examination. This will primarily focus on respiratory assessment along with other syste

...n musculoskeletal symptoms and systemic symptoms for patient’s history and clinical findings. <br> ...es. <br>• Self Report Outcome Measures: VAS 5/10<br>• Objective : Physical Examination Tests and Measures<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;o Pat

...orm. It requires minimal training. It is economical in comparison to other clinical tests.<ref name=":0" /> == Clinical Significance ==

...assessment. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014 Mar 25.</ref><ref>Shacklock M. Clinical neurodynamics: a new system of musculoskeletal treatment. Elsevier Health S ...he hip while maintaining knee flexion.<ref>Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companie

The McCarthy Test is a clinical test used in the diagnosis of a hip labral tear. The shearing force-produci ...evaluation of the patient’s subjective report is important throughout the examination. Limitations in active and passive range of motion along with arthrokinemat

...ith chronic LBP.<ref name="p3">Schwarzer, A.C., et al., The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

...vic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) System' and is generally used in clinical setting <ref>Muir TW, Stepp KJ, Barber MD. [https://www.ajog.org/article/S0 ==== '''Pre-examination''' ====

Inter- and intrarater reliability testing of the clinical Silfverskiöld test : ICC values of 0.230 to 0.791. poor inter- and intrara [[Category:Ankle - Assessment and Examination]]

...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3941124/ Brukner and Khan's Clinical Sports medicine] Sydney: McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Limited; 201 == Clinical Presentation ==

== Clinical relevance == {{#ev:youtube|hT0nR5d4Rnk}}<ref>Sarah Tucker Oxford. Hand Examination; Finger Flexors FDS and FDP. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

...s get a minimum score on their boards exam. The canidate taking the boards examination must pass with a criterion reference passing point which is set to equal a ...physical therapy aides the tasks the aides perform should not require any clinical decision making by the PT or PTA. The aides must also render services under

Clinical features are pain in normal activities such as buttoning, rapid swelling. The clinical features are usually pain, swelling, and a palpable step-off. The classic d

* The clinical syndrome related to painful facet joints is usually localized neck pain or * Mid-[[Cervical Examination|cervical]] and lower-cervical facet joints refer pain to the posterior scap

...e. They recommend the military brace test with moderate support for use in clinical diagnostics of thoracic outlet syndrome.

== Examination == ...s.org/MDS/Journals/Clinical-Practice-E-Journal-Overview/Movement-Disorders-Clinical-Practice-Vol-3-Issue-4/How-Do-I-Examine-Parkinsonian-Gait.htm Timed “Up a

...gmatic breathing”.<ref name=":0">Horris H, Anderson BE, Bay RC, Bliven KC. Clinical breathing mechanics differ based on test and position. Journal of Sport Reh [[Category:Respiratory System - Assessment and Examination]]

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Examination Findings == <u>Subjective examination</u>: rounded shoulder, forward head, belly abdomen, flattening of lumbar cu

== Clinical Relevance == ...lis and semitendinosus muscles]: a morphometric study on 18 specimens with clinical implications. Surg Radiol Anat. 2022 Jun;44(6):813-820. doi: 10.1007/s00276

...abus R et al: The diagnosis of meniscal tears in athletes: a comparison of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging investigations, Am J Sports Med 25(1):7-12, [[Category:Knee - Assessment and Examination]]

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...1-AC01.pdf Variation in morphometry of vastus medialis muscle]. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR. 2017 Sep;11(9):AC01.</ref> == Clinical relevance ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

* [[Parkinson's - Clinical Presentation|Parkinson's Syndrome]] == Examination ==

== Examination == == Clinical Impression ==

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == The clinical presentation may include:

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> = Clinical reasoning processes =

...ave various causes. Performing a thorough, detailed interview and physical examination can assist you in clinically reasoning the various differential diagnoses a == Interview/ Subjective Examination ==

...ical therapy educational program approved by the board;<br><br>(b) pass an examination administered or approved by the board; and ...ner prescribed by and to the satisfaction of the board;<br><br>(c) pass an examination administered or approved by the board;

== Examination Findings == Physical Examination Tests and Measures

...M. A. Wyon Pathoanatomy of Posterior Ankle Impingement in Ballet Dancers. Clinical Anatomy 2010; 23:613–621</ref><ref name="p8">M. Nyska, G. Mann Unstable A ...talus.<ref name="p9">W. Albisetti, M. Ometti, V. Pascale, O. De Bartolomeo Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Posterior Impingement in Dancers. American Jour

...https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953323/pdf/najspt-03-107.pdf Clinical Testing for Extra-Articular Lateral Knee Pain. A Modification and Combinati == Clinical Bottom Line ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...ag<ref name=":0">Stillman BC. Physiological quadriceps lag: its nature and clinical significance. Australian journal of physiotherapy. 2004 Jan 1;50(4):237-41. [[Category:Knee - Assessment and Examination]]

...nston: TherapyEd, 2016. p121-184</ref><ref name="Fun">Chui KK, Schmitz TJ. Examination in Sensory Function. In: Physical Rehabilitation. 6th Edit. Philadelphia: O ! scope="col" | [[Cervical Examination|Examination]]<br>

== Characteristics/Clinical presentation == ...er whether os odontoideum is a post-traumatic or congenital condition, the clinical presentation of these two causes remains the same and may vary among person

== Clinical relevance == ...n reason for it <ref>Durall CJ. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23016051/ Examination and Treatment of Cuboid Syndrome.] Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Appro

....ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26223856/ Microsurgical anatomy of the trochlear nerve.] Clinical Anatomy. 2015 Oct;28(7):857-64.</ref>. It has a general somatic efferent (s == Clinical relevance ==

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

== Examination == == Clinical Impression ==

...he American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, Journal of the American College of Cardiology,69:11,20 * Clinical Nurse Specialist

...s W, Siddiqi AR. Preparticipation Evaluation. Essential Sports Medicine: A Clinical Guide for Students and Residents. 2021:45-73.</ref> ...ss to a medical caregiver and it may be the most extensive, focused health examination they will have.

== Clinical relevance == ...at the pelvic brim during the final trimester of pregnancy or labour. The clinical syndrome will resemble an L5 radiculopathy and symptoms will usually resolv

= Examination Findings = Physical examination tests and measure:

Client's mood is euthymic and reactive affect was normal. Clinical psychology has been offered given recent life-changing event. == Examination Findings ==

...ngiography) <ref>Wheeler HB. Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Review of clinical evaluation and impedance plethysmography. American journal of surgery. 1985 ...ion, gastrocnemius spasm, and cellulitis <ref>Hirsh J, Hull RD, Raskob GE. Clinical features and diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Journal of the American Colleg

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Impression ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...ntion on infraspinatus muscle activity during throwing motion and physical examination in baseball players with throwing disorder.] Isokinetics and Exercise Scie ....gov/1670434/ Isolated rupture of the tendon of the subscapularis muscle.] Clinical features in 16 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991 May;73(3):389-94.</ref>. W

...om/science/article/abs/pii/S0968016014002555 Reconstruction techniques and clinical results of patellar tendon ruptures: Evidence today.] The Knee. 2015 Jun 1; ...and postoperative complications: a systematic review of clinical studies.] Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 2020 Aug;478(8):1839.</ref> can predispo

...e. Its correct diagnosis is essential, with a careful history and clinical examination, to notice the patterns of diplopia that show the location of dysfunction.< ...ent of the ocular media including cornea, lens, and retina, and a detailed examination of refraction should be done.<ref name=":0" />A pinhole test may resolve Le

...xus that is caused during labour or delivery will cause the mother to show clinical signs and symptoms that start during or after labour. The mother may experi ...m lumbosacral plexopathy limited to autonomic and perineal manifestations: clinical and electrophysiological study of 19 patients. Journal of Neurology, Neuros

...ome testing is an essential part of [[Neurological Assessment|neurological examination]] when suspecting [[radiculopathy]]. Myotomes are much more complex to test C8 & T1- '''Thumb Opposition.''' To complete the motor examination of the upper extremities, test the strength of the thumb opposition by tell

...wing. However, because of the difficulty in measuring this function during clinical observation and the absence of standard guidelines, we decided not to inclu ...achieve the full score of 5 points. If a subtest results in <5 points, the examination must be stopped and a special oral diet and/or further investigation by vid

The study showed high clinical intra- and inter-rater reliability. With high ICC measurement which indicat [[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]

...tegrating the subjective pain experience within research and practice. The Clinical journal of pain. 2019 Mar;35(3):212.</ref>Physiotherapist should allow a no ...and explaining the procedure before undressing the female patient for the examination if needed. If some patients feel comfortable with the physiotherapist of th

== Clinical presentation == A thorough subjective and objective examination from a physiotherapist can usually predict the likelihood of the presence o

== Clinical Relevant Anatomy == == Clinical Presentation ==

...nitial staging, it is sometimes referred to as restaging. Infact the first clinical stage (cTNM) is often reassessed by the surgeon during surgery. Because of ...tion is only clinical, or rpTNM when the new stadiation had a pathological examination. Ther mTNM tumor staging is a multifocal cancer(more than 1 tumors).

== Clinical Presentation == ...damage and what deficits to expect, depending on the level of injury. This examination should involve a detailed motor and sensory evaluation.

...C. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6926298/ Tennis elbow: A clinical review article]. Journal of orthopaedics. 2020 Jan 1;17:203-7.</ref> Tennis Research has proven that structural pathology is not present in many clinical presentations of Tennis Elbow. This is true particularly if Tennis Elbow is

== Clinical Presentation == ...njury involving an intercostal hematoma in a professional baseball player. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2008 Jul 1;18(4):372-3.</ref>

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

Ortner's syndrome can be diagnosed by clinical history, physical examination, laryngoscopy, and imaging studies such as chest X-ray, echocardiography, c

...010" /> The etiology of the syndrome is unclear, being reported in various clinical situations including post-operatively, post-infectiously, post-traumaticall == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation ==

== Examination == == Summarization of Examination/Clinical Impression ==

...ub, 2021. Available at: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/clinical-examination-of-the-optic-nerve Accessed on October, 4, 2021</ref> ...to Check Pupil Relexes Response | Consensual and Direct Reaction | Nursing Clinical Skills. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aM0ipmW3ikc [Last acc

...ink.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-014-3490-7 The “Lever Sign”: a new clinical test for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture]. ''Knee Surge [[Category:Knee - Assessment and Examination]]

== Clinical Relevance == ...oses of the two heads of the FCU. This anatomical scenario underscores the clinical significance of potential issues associated with ulnar nerve compression in

== Clinical Relevance == ...MC5414442/ Wasting of Extensor Digitorum Brevis as a Decisive Preoperative Clinical Indicator of Lumbar Canal Stenosis: A Single‑center Prospective Cohort St

(Carr et al, 1985; 20 clinical raters; n = 5; mean age = 65 years, range = 55 to 78; mean time since strok [[Category:Neurological - Assessment and Examination]]

...volume 1991 73-B:3, 389-394</ref>. It was developed to be used as a simple clinical manoeuvre, which can reliably diagnose or exclude clinically relevant ruptu Another clinical test for the subscapularis was also described by Gerber et al in 1996, call

...the SSS and FSS and to assess reliability, validity, and responsiveness to clinical change ...ponsiveness of Generic, Arthritis-Specific, Disease-Specific, and Physical Examination Measures. JHand Surg (Am). 1996; 21A: 338-346.</ref>

== Examination Findings == On examination I found that he has:

== Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

...and Measures for the Physical Therapist Assistant. Chapter 9 Neuromuscular examination. Stacie J. Fruth, Carol Fawcett Clonus can exist as a physical examination finding; it is a marker of hyperreflexia, which is part of an upper motor n

...s devices and the appropriate footwear<ref name=":0">National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2019) Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management [online == Examination Findings ==

== Clinical Relevance == ...n 20 to 30 minutes of injury before pain, swelling, and muscle spasms make examination difficult. The assessment includes palpation and a special test, the valgus

...tation occurring for up to 6-10 months by using the phase-wise progressive examination. ...S) and manual muscle testing (MMT) which were improved by 90% from initial examination to discharge. This patient gained maximum benefits from treatment and retur

...ral peripheral vestibular deficits in 1988<ref>Halmagyi GM, Curthoys IS. A clinical sign of canal paresis. Arch Neurol (1988) 45:737–9</ref>. It is also know ...to 10 to 15 degrees of neck rotation<ref>I.S. Curthoys & L. Manzari (2017) Clinical application of the head impulse test of semicircular canal function, Hearin

== Clinical Presentation == ...contusions are easily elucidated by a history of blunt trauma and clinical examination usually reveals skin discolouration, tenderness, swelling and varying degre

== Clinical Significance == ...course and termination of Small saphenous vein: a case report. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2016 Mar; 10(3): AD01. </ref>.

== Clinical Presentation == ...management of severe pelvic inflammatory disease and tuboovarian abscess. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology. 2012 Dec 1;55(4):893-903.</ref>.

...of the 5th digit.<ref name="Dutton et al">Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companie ...n">Goldman SB, Brininger TL, Schrader JW, Curtis R, Koceja DM. Analysis of clinical motor testing for adult patients with diagnosed ulnar neuropathy at the elb

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...d function in patients with Colles' fracture treated by Rush rod fixation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®]. 1981 Mar 1;155:172-9.</ref>. ...2016 Mar;11(1):11-21.</ref>. However, despite its broad application in the clinical setting, there is, to the date, no evidence concerning reliability, validit

== Examination == == Clinical Impression ==

...36:788-792.</ref> Adams et al<ref name="Adams et al">Adams SL, Yarnold PR. Clinical use of the patellar pubic percussion sign in hip trauma. Am J Emerg Med 199 [[Category:Hip - Assessment and Examination]]

...or who meets all of the requirements for licensure or certification except examination and who pays to the board the temporary permit fee as required under K.S.A. ...ensure of the applicant to test the applicant's knowledge of the basic and clinical sciences relating to physical therapy theory and practice; and<br> (4) the

...017) Revised Hammersmith Scale for spinal muscular atrophy: A SMA specific clinical outcome assessment tool. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0172346. doi:10.1371/journal. pon [[Category:Paediatrics - Assessment and Examination]]

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == The clinical presentation of Volkmann`s contracture includes what is commonly referred t

== Examination Findings == Objective Examination:

The Biering-Sorenson test was first described by Hansen in 1964 as an examination of the isometric endurance of the [[Hip Anatomy|hip]] and [[Back Muscles|ba To begin this test, an examination plinth, a stopwatch and three to four straps are needed.

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...he limits of [[Lymphatic System|lymphatic drainage]], producing noticeable clinical signs and symptoms<ref name=":1" />. ...l oedema are varied, requiring a systematic approach to history taking and examination. Diagnosis is often a process of elimination of the common causes<ref name=

=== Examination Findings === ==== Physical Examination ====

...variations of the lumbar plexus: a descriptive anatomy study with proposed clinical implications]. J Man Manip Ther. 2009;17:107–114. doi: 10.1179/1066981097 == Characteristics / Clinical Presentation ==

.../S1360859216301000 T4 syndrome – A distinct theoretical concept or elusive clinical entity? A case report], Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, Volume ...converging at T4<ref>Brukner, P. and Khan, K., 2012. ''Brukner's & Khan's Clinical Sports Medicine''. 4th ed. Sydney: McGraw-Hill, pp.455-456.</ref>. It is th

== Examination Findings == Initial examination was conducted on 27 October 2014 (3 months after amputation and 3 weeks aft

...st]], Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration of Balance ([[Modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction on Balance|mCTSIB]]), and Fukuda Stepping Test [[Category:Vestibular - Assessment and Examination]]

...brain stroke to avoid post-hemiplegic shoulder-hand syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2012 Sep;26(9):807-16.</ref>.&nbsp; == Characteristics/clinical presentation ==

== Examination == == Clinical Impression ==

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...0/ A Narrative Review on Avulsion Fractures of the Upper and Lower Limbs.] Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2018; 11:117954 ...style="background-color: initial; font-size: 19.92px;">'''Characteristics/Clinical Presentation'''</span> ==

...r arthroscopic Bankart repair for selected cases: a prospective randomized clinical study. Arthroscopy 2003;19:722–31.</ref> == Clinical Presentation ==

== Clinical relevance == <u>Physical examination</u><ref name=":3" /><u>:</u>

== Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

...y, Therapy Techniques (Palpation, Stretch, Treatment techniques), Clinical Examination (such as Differential Diagnosis, Special Tests and Outcome Measures) and Re ...ery page should provide information that can potentially impact a person's clinical practice. For example, are evidence based rehabilitation interventions for

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

== Clinical relevance == After getting a thorough [[Subjective Assessment|history]], the physical examination should include:

Microscopic examination<ref>Phukubye P1, Oyedele O.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20830786 T ...core of spongy bone, which had a bone marrow or medullary cavity. Thorough examination at high magnification showed that this trend has adipocytes and connective

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Examination Findings == Objective&nbsp;: Physical Examination Tests and Measures


== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...d Rehabilitation. 2021 Mar 2:1-3.</ref> This page discusses the subjective examination of the shoulder, but much of the information presented can be applied to th ...ts=G8PGs3ysze&sig=y0pgLZE-FX1RlfyA0jBebRTV6NE#v=onepage&q&f=false Clinical Examination E-Book]. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008 Jul 7.</ref>

...for the first time by Crystle et al in 1971. It is a simple, non-expensive clinical test used to assess urethral mobility, [[Pelvic Floor Disorders|vulvodynia] ...no hypermobility existing with [[Urinary Incontinence]], in this condition examination of intrinsic sphincter deficiency should be done.

== Examination == '''Objective: Physical Examination Tests and Measures''' <br>Patient presented with slurred speech and had dif

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anatomy:The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005</ref><br> === Physical Examination ===

# Feasible in a clinical setting, time-efficient, cost-effective, and easy to carry out.<ref name=": In the clinical setting,

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...M. (2017). [https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-017-0412-5 Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials for Multiple Sclerosis.] ''CNS drugs'', ''31''(3), 217–236. </ref> ...n algorithm was developed to derive EDSS scores from previous neurological clinical documentation, and it was found to have substantial agreement with formal E

...retic leg when the paretic leg is being raised<ref>Kaufman, D.M. (2007). Clinical neurology for psychiatrists: 6th edition. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 20. ...li T, Stone J. False Positive Hoover's Sign in Apraxia. Movement disorders clinical practice [https://movementdisorders-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezproxy.library

...iagnosis and management of the tendinopathy: An update from the lab to the clinical practice]. ''Disease-a-Month'', ''68''(10), p.101314.</ref>. Lower limb ten ...ntributing and aggravating factors that have resulted in the tendinopathy. Clinical reasoning around various [[Differential Diagnosis of Tendinopathy|different

...t of fecal incontinence in women—systematic review of methods.] Journal of clinical medicine. 2020 Oct 12;9(10):3255.</ref> ...10000/Randomized_Clinical_Trial_to_Assess_Anal_Sphincter.9.aspx Randomised clinical trial to assess anal sphincter function following forceps or vacuum assiste

...e I’m part of the conversation” patients’ perspectives on communicating in clinical video telehealth visits.] Journal of general internal medicine. 2020 Jun;35 ....ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453739/ Importance of thorough physical examination: a lost art]. Cureus. 2017 May;9(5).</ref> could contribute to overdiagnosi

=== Sensory examination === ...atient. The Fugl-Meyer is a well-designed, feasible and efficient clinical examination method that has been tested widely in the stroke population. Its primary va

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...refore be used in conjunction with a full subjective history and objective examination for comparable signs.

== Clinical significance == The diagnosis is essentially clinical based on the mechanism of injury, although radiographs are usually obtained

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

...ukner, P., & Khan, K. (2010). Chapter 3: Pain: Where is it coming from? In Clinical Sports Medicine. Rev 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill Australia. North Ryde. ...vital for the clinician to perform a detailed medical history and physical examination to rule out more serious conditions.

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...oudfront.net/documents/idiopathic-toe-walking-pdf-new-9.pdf Evidence-based Clinical Care Guideline for Management of Idiopathic Toe Walking]. Cincinnati Childr The components of the physiotherapy examination for ITW are discussed fully in the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical

== Clinical Relevance == [[Hip Examination]]

== Clinical Importance == ...d, or compressed, or later encased in heterotopic ossification. Neurologic examination at the time of injury often is difficult but is extremely important. Rehab

...://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9051-x Lumbar spondylosis: clinical presentation and treatment approaches.] Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Spondylosis is a form of lower back pain and is an important clinical, social, economic and public health problem affecting the worldwide populat

...l O. Angina pectoris symptoms caused by thoracic spine disorders. Clinical examination and treatment. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1981;644:84-86</ref> (Heart surgery, im [[The Flag System|Red flags]] are clinical indicators that should raise the issue that there may be a more serious und

== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == == Examination ==

== Clinical Assessment == ...tic muscle force of contraction was 0.63 (95% CI 0.29, 0.98), although the clinical significance of this outcome is unclear. There were no other common outcome

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

...esentation for SMT is pain on the posteromedial side of the knee. Physical examination can usually localise the area of tenderness to the distal semimembranosus t ...acia patallae and degenerative medial meniscal tears which may confuse the clinical picture and perhaps be involved in the cause. Elderly patients with osteoar

== Examination Findings == *Considering the examination findings and utilizing the framework provided by the Guide to Physical Ther

...ent bone. Historically, a variety of terms have been used to refer to this clinical entity including osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral fracture, and ost ...al transplantation for osteochondral lesions of the talar dome: an MRI and clinical follow-up study. Foot Ankle Int. 2001 Jul;22(7):544-51. </ref><br>

== Subjective Examination/ The Interview == ...ne. 2014 Feb 1;11(2):374-85.</ref> Again similar to incontinence, the full clinical picture is needed because there are a host of causes that can result in the

3. Successfully passed the national examination approved by the board 4. Successfully passed the national examination approved by the board

...al A Suresh, Cherukunnathu Deepa. Congenital suprabulbar palsy: a distinct clinical syndrome of heterogeneous aetiology. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurolo ...lbar palsy.<ref name=":0" />Diagnosis is made by patient history, clinical examination and [[MRI Scans|magnetic resonance imaging]].<ref name=":1" />

==Clinical Presentation == ...on is a thorough clinical history and [[Neurological Assessment|neurologic examination]], which frequently reveals multifocal symptoms. <ref name=":5" />

[[Clinical Prediction Rules|Clinical prediction rules]] (CPRs) are a set of criteria that a patient should meet ...g patients into categories and matching the treatment to the category. The clinical practice guidelines included low stress aerobic exercise, general muscle re

== Examination Findings == == Clinical Hypothesis ==

== Characteristics/ Clinical Presentation == ...d. Many patients are thought to have only simple knee sprains during their examination in the emergency room and are not given appropriate, immediate follow-up. <

...along the nerves course in the forearm , which is key to understanding the clinical implications <ref>Harris WH, Heaney RP. Skeletal renewal and metabolic bone .../PMC6147764/pdf/main.pdf Anterior interosseous nerve: anatomical study and clinical implications]. Revista brasileira de ortopedia. 2018 Oct;53(5):575-81.</ref

...plication''' of your learning. &nbsp;[[Clinical Reflection|Read more about clinical reflection here]]. |Evidence of minimum 1 clinical implication