Search results

...perimental knee pain (4.3%), meniscectomy /meniscal repair (4.3%), general knee injury (3.5%), [[Chronic Ankle Instability|chronic ankle instability]] (2.6 ...low-quality evidence''' for [[Vibration Therapy|vibration therapy]] and [[Therapeutic Ultrasound|ultrasound]].

[[File:Lunge with Dumbells.png|thumb|An exercise in NEMEX]] ...n 8-week neuromuscular exercise program for patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a case series drawn from a registered clinical trial. Journ

...rograms: understanding the implications will help you design [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercises]] that are more efficient and less injurious. Both active and pas ...of the [[Rectus Femoris|Rectus femoris]] limits full hip flexion when the knee is fully extended.

...jo IL, Castro MC, Matos MA. Assessment of quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Acta ortopedica brasileira. 2015 Nov;23:307-10.</ref> ...se progression and reducing symptoms. The aim of management is to minimize knee pain, optimize function, and support self-management.

== Exercise Prescription - “A balance between (he)art and science” == ...herapeutic exercise prescription should consider<ref name=":1">Jackson, R. Exercise Prescription. Plus. Course. 2024</ref>:

...thritis subjects presenting with pain following arthroscopic meniscectomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008; 16: 747–752.</ref> ...ame="p1" /> This can lead to pain and loss of function in the joint of the knee.<ref name="p2" /> Therefore, hyaluronic acid is injected so that de concent

...ef name=":0">Healthline Squat Available: https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-fitness/squats-benefits#bottom-line<nowiki/>(accessed 19.2.2022)</ref>. Screen client first re contraindications eg [[Anterior Knee Pain|Anterior knee pain]].

[[File:Exercise group.jpg|thumb|Exercise group]] ...Nethander M, Movérare‐Skrtic S, Richette P, Ohlsson C. Causal factors for knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study in the UK bi

[[File:Resistance.jpg|thumb|Resistance exercise ]] ...ists" your movement. We are familiar with weightlifting, but [[Therapeutic Exercise|other kinds of activities]] fall under the heading of resistance training,

...3): 411 – 420</ref> and to allow the patient to engage in physical therapy exercise pain free. Although there are several variations of the taping procedure re ...had Harris., Kinematic MRI Assessment of McConnell Taping Before and After Exercise, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004; 32: 621 – 628</ref>

[[File:Runners-knee SAG.jpeg|right|frameless]] ...Hinman RS. [https://www.jospt.org/doi/full/10.2519/jospt.2017.7286 Hip and knee osteoarthritis affects younger people, too.] journal of orthopaedic & sport

[[File:Lower back extension.jpeg|thumb|419x419px|A back exercise]] ...nic Disease|chronic diseases]], including [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]]. Exercise is the best way to increase functional capacity and prevent health-related

...l amputation. POP was applied to his left hand &amp; MRI done on his right knee showing PCL tear, grade 3 lateral meniscus tear, grade 2 MCL &amp; LCL tear ...shoulder while valgus stress test, McMurray's test and Apley's test right knee. Posture of left hip is in flexion

...this case report is to describe the effectiveness of strength training and therapeutic activities to regain the prior level of function in the patient with post-o ...e joint and can be one of the early signs of osteoarthritic changes of the knee. Studies show the incidence of meniscus tear both simple and complex is at

...eplace either the medial part, the lateral part, or the [[patella]] of the knee. ...able from:https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/knee-replacement/partial-knee-replacement (accessed 17.2.2021)</ref>.

...netic link. <ref name="p9">Ellenbecker TS, Davies GJ. Closed kinetic chain exercise: a comprehensive guide to multiple joint exercises. Human Kinetics; 2001. ...uman movement, sport-specific activity patterns and [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercise]]. He suggested that the extremities should rather be thought of as rigid,

...rthritis can be associated with [[Radiculopathy|radicular]] pain above the knee. * If radicular symptoms move below the knee, nerve root compression or irritation is likely. Nerve root compression is

...ell H, Saenz I, Murrel W. A review of bone marrow lesions in the arthritic knee and description of a technique for treatment. Journal of Cartilage & Joint [[File:BML Knee.png|thumb|500x500px|Findings typical of subchondral fracture: (A) coronal T

Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercises]] or closed chain exercises are exercises or movements where the ...osed kinetic chain exercise on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy

[[File:Exercise program.jpeg|right|frameless|399x399px]] ...lm.nih.gov/23174541/ Principles of exercise physiology: responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training.] Pm&r. 2012 Nov 1;4(11):797-804.Avai

...important treatment for pain. There are many other additional benefits of exercise and regular [[Physical Activity|physical activity]], including:<ref>Centers ...Gomez‐Cabrera MC. Exercise acts as a drug; the pharmacological benefits of exercise. British journal of pharmacology. 2012 Sep 1;167(1):1-2.</ref>

...joint or biarticular muscle and&nbsp;has two heads and runs from back of [[knee]] to the heel. The definitive shape of the calf is as a result of the media * Both heads have attachments from the knee joint capsule and from the oblique popliteal ligament.<ref name="pala" />

[[File:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|frameless|311x311px]] ...itis]] or chronic inflammatory arthropathies.<ref name=":1" /> Image is of Knee osteoarthritis, possible a PTA.

...bilitation interventions such as physical activity, [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercise]], or [[gait]] training is low, but they are not nonexistent. Clinicians sh ...eate a working hypothesis to try to improve the unintended consequences of therapeutic interventions.<ref name=":0" /> <blockquote>

...active neuromuscular training for the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: a case report.] J Athl Train. 1999;34(2):194–201.</ref>. The RNT program as part of the functional exercise progression initially focuses on dynamic stabilization at the spinal level.

...nerve supply of the extremity where the intramedullary nail occurs. Thus therapeutic nerve blocking and the intramedullary nailing surgery procedure leave patie ...abiitatation focuses on weight bearing exercises, muscle strengthening and exercise conditioning<ref>[https://yenagoamedicaljournal.net/early-physiotherapy-aft

=== Knee Arthroplasty === {{#ev:youtube|EV6a995pyYk|400}}<ref name=":0">Nucleus Medical Media. Total Knee Replacement Surgery | Nucleus Health. Available from: http://www.youtube.co

...all on the [[patella]], an acute trauma, repeated blows or friction on the knee may cause prepatellar bursitis. Other causes include infections or low-grad ...allows the knee extension and moves the patella upwards. Bursae around the knee can be divided into two groups- those around the patella (suprapatellar bur

...of a wall and moving one leg back and then lunging forward with the front knee toward the wall. The maximal distance from the toe to the wall was measured ...nts in a supine position on a massage table and raising their leg with the knee fully extended and the pelvis in a neutral position. The hip angle during f

...on|achilles]] tendon contracture by evaluating ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended and then flexed.<ref> DiGiovanni CW, Kuo R, Tejwani N, Price R, Ha .... Measurement is taken of the DF range. Then the test is repeated with the knee flexed at 90 degrees.<ref> Hansen ST. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en

...:2" />. Furthermore, once the PFPS-diagnosed patient was weight-bearing in knee extension, the patellar tilt was increased<ref name=":2" />. More research ...was no significant variation in the patellar tilt or displacement when the knee was in flexion at 35 degrees<ref name=":3">Laprade J, Lee R. [https://journ

...nda T. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19881230/ Effectiveness of aquatic exercise and balneotherapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized cont ...y and land-based exercise on mobility and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial.] Journal of Physical Therapy Sc

== '''Introduction to Knee Osteoarthritis''' == ...R, Cruz-Almeida Y. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179584/ Knee osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and current treatment modalities. Journal o

[[Image:Knee Anatomy Side View.png|thumb|right|250px|Knee - Side View]] ...Sancho F. Intraosseous hyperpressure of the patella as a cause of anterior knee pain. Medscape Orth Sports Med. 1999;3:1–8.</ref>

...health, appearance, fun, leisure etc.<ref name=":0">Jackson R. Therapeutic Exercise Course. Plus. 2022.</ref> ...ideas in contemporary therapeutic exercise. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. 2018;10(4):400-11. </ref></blockquote>Rehabilitation profession

...psychological characteristics and physical activity levels in people with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. ...y falls into adduction, causing a functional [[Valgus Knee|valgus]] at the knee. This in turn creates greater load on the lateral patellofemoral joint (PFJ

...Management|load]] O: optimism V: vascularisation E: [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercise]]''' [[File:Knee injury football.jpg|right|frameless]]

...Clinical evaluation of a dynamic test for lateral ankle ligament laxity.] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010 May;18(5):628-33. </ref>.<br><br> ...motion loss. When pain and inflammation are controlled, we can start with therapeutic exercises to increase the range of motion, stability, strength, propriocept

[[File:Knee-OA1.png|right|frameless]] Knee [[osteoarthritis]] (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typic

...<ref name="Osman">Osman MK, Irwin GJ, Huntley JS.Swelling around a child's knee. Clin Anat. 2011 Oct;24(7):914-7.</ref>. ...n also occur in the [[Shoulder Bursitis|shoulder]], [[Prepatellar Bursitis|knee]], [[Iliopsoas Bursitis|hip]], [[Olecranon Bursitis|elbow]] and big toe. <b

...in walking] Available: https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/muscles-walking-exercise-1837.html<nowiki/>(accessed 21.12.2021)</ref> ...s that we could discuss however the key message is walking is an excellent exercise to work most of your body

...ging (pulling in) the abdominal muscles. Push-ups are a fast and effective exercise for building strength. ...ush back up again, they shorten. The lowering and lengthening phase of the exercise is called an eccentric contraction, while the lifting and shortening phase

...mation of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad (IFP) is a common source of [[Anterior Knee Pain]]; also called Hoffa's disease, fat pad syndrome or hoffitis. Fat pad ...e across the patellofemoral joint, facilitates flexible deformation in the knee joint and supports patellar stability.<ref>Kitagawa T, Ozaki N, Aoki Y. [ht

Cryotherapy, also known as [[Therapeutic Modalities|ice application]], is the simplest and oldest way to treat injur ...nd release of myofascial trigger points.<ref name=":2">Use WP, Prentice W. Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, Sixth Edition. 6th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw-H

* [[File:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|frameless]]Arthritis * [[Therapeutic Exercise|Exercise]]: Low-impact exercise e.g. [[Hydrotherapy]] and biking are recommended for [[Strength Training|s

...oke is a complex process involving spontaneous recovery and the effects of therapeutic interventions. Although the majority of persons with a stroke regain the "Normal" gait is a complex activity and skilled personalized therapeutic interventions are needed for successful stroke rehabilitation. Several gen

...ation of the bony surfaces.<ref>Kisner C, Colby LA, Borstad J. Therapeutic exercise: Foundations and techniques. Fa Davis; 2017 Oct 18.)</ref> Supine lying with flexion of hip and knee joint. An alternative position is high sitting with feet supported on the t

...o healing foot ulcers. There are many options for offloading, ranging from therapeutic footwear to limiting gait with wheelchair use.<ref name=":0">Lazzarini PA, ...ng a diabetic foot ulcer or currently has an active foot ulcer should wear therapeutic footwear that accommodates their foot shape and fits appropriately.<ref nam

...Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]] following a [[Total Knee Arthroplasty|total knee arthroplasty]]. ...rms of exercise to evoke both the physical and psychological benefits that exercise can have.

# Arthritis affects joints other than the hip, knee, or ankle. | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |3- Monoarthritis (hip, knee, ankle)

...tead J et al. A clinical case series investigating the effectiveness of an exercise intervention in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Physioth ...te on the management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 2012;5(6):359-373</ref>.

...siotherapy. It serves as a fundamental concept guiding movement mechanics, exercise selection, and injury prevention strategies. [[File:658px-Knee diagram.svg.png|thumb]]

...Wider Impacts for Public Health” recommends regular physical activity and exercise at every stage of life (from pregnancy to old-age) to reduce the risk of ma ...ling VR. Physical activity and bone health. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2004 Nov 1;36(11):1985-96.  

...com/2411-5142/7/4/99 Whole body vibration: a valid alternative strategy to exercise?]. Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology. 2022 Nov 3;7(4):99.</r ...erebral Palsy Introduction|Cerebral Palsy (CP)]]: WBV can produce positive therapeutic effects on spasticity, static and dynamic balance, fine and gross motor fun

...on-3rd-edition-therapeutic-modalities-for-physical-therapists-1ak2mabi02g8 Therapeutic modalities in rehabilitation]. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2017</ref> * [[Osteoarthritis]] of the knee, hip and ankle

...ts: guidance for prescribing exercise.] Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2011 Jul 1;43(7):1334-59.</ref>. ...y? <ref name=":3">Glynn A, Fiddler H.The Physiotherapist's Pocket Guide to Exercise Assessment, Prescription and Training,Churchill Livingstone, 2009.</ref>.

...and Exercise for Neck Pain: Clinical Treatment Tool-kit|Manual Therapy and Exercise for Neck Pain: Clinical Treatment Tool-Kit]]. Miller J, Gross A, Rogers T, ...ines for the Physiotherapy Management of Persistent Low Back Pain, Part 1: Exercise]. Mercer C, Jackson A, Hettinga D, Barlas P, Ferguson S, Greenhalgh S, Hard

...aches including manual techniques and [[Manual Therapy#TherapeuticExercise|therapeutic exercises]]. Orthopaedic manual therapy also encompasses, and is driven by, ...at is based on manual examination and treatment techniques integrated with exercise, patient education, and other physical therapy modalities to address pain,

# No symptoms distal to the knee ...lation are:&nbsp;Pain lasting less than 16 days; No symptoms distal to the knee<ref name="2 Predictors">Fritz JM, Brennan GP, Leaman H. Does the evidence f

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) now known as Iliotibial Band Pain or lateral knee pain<ref>Bonoan, M., Morales, M., Liu, X.W. ''et al.'' Iliotibial Band Synd ...ve described an ‘impingement zone’ occurring at, or slightly below, 30° of knee flexion during foot strike and the early stance phase of running. During th

...t (anterior and posterior views)|right|frameless|600x600px|Overview of the knee joint (anterior and posterior views)]] ...omy. Knee Anatomy. Available at: http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/anatomy/knee-anatomy (accessed 29 July 2016).</ref>It is a bi-condylar type of synovial

...t so that the bilateral soles made contact with the floor, and the hip and knee joints flexed at approximately 90°. He/She moves his/her toes up and down ...t; Block Transfer; Soda Pop Test; Plate Tapping; Light Board; Test Heel-to-knee test.

...al ligament.<ref name=":4">Frobell R, Cooper R, Morris H, Arendt, H. Acute knee injuries. In: Brukner P, Bahr R, Blair S, Cook J, Crossley K, McConnell J, ...e patellar tendon, improving the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps in knee extension.<ref name="p1">Egmond DL, Schuitemaker R. De knieregio. In: Mink

...icipated to grow. Bicycles are a convenient form of [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercise]] to ensure a healthy life, free from [[obesity]] and other disorders.<ref> From the point of 3 to 5 on the clock face the knee extensors activate: vastus lateralis and vastus medialis. Many cyclists ass

Different kinds of lamps are used for production of therapeutic infrared: == Therapeutic Uses ==

...apy, and makes this tool useful to enhance other treatments as therapeutic exercise, are: * [[Osteoarthritis]] of the [[knee]], hip and ankle

*Be cautious when having patients weight bear/undertake complex exercise after icing a lower extremity *The application of therapeutic cryotherapy should produce only local effects

** Increased [[knee]] abduction ** Increased medial load to the [[knee]]

...name="p4">Suksathien R., A new static progressive splint for treatment of knee and elbow flexion contractures, 2010; 93 (7): 799-804 (C)</ref> In most cas ...MmasQiM|300}}<ref>OrthoMed Pain &amp; Sports Medicine. Flexion Contracture KNEE. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqifMmasQiM [last accessed

...ticle.pdf#page=84 Physiological improvements and health benefits during an exercise-based comprehensive rehabilitation program in medically complex patients.] ...wellbeing can benefit – you also improve your general health when you can exercise or play sport to your original capacities

...rapy. 1999; 79(6): 591-9.</ref> and it is associated with arthralgia, poor exercise tolerance and potentially recurrent subluxations.<ref>Magnusson SP, Julsgaa ...While any joint can be affected, the most commonly involved joints are the knee and ankle.<ref name=":1" />

...or mechanical) which produces beneficial effects independent of any direct therapeutic effects".<ref name=":1">Russell K, Duncan M, Price M, Mosewich A, Ellmers T ...ce has been to highlight the important role of psychobiological factors in therapeutic outcomes, be they drug-related or not<ref>Benedetti F, Frisaldi E, Shaibani

...occur for a short time and the effect is relatively small. The addition of exercise to heat wrap therapy appears to provide additional benefit. There is still Non Thermal agents do not make use of heat/cold to exert a therapeutic effect.Examples of these are shown in the table above.The following links g

...t Biomechanical Aspects during Pregnancy and the Importance of Therapeutic Exercise]:... [Internet]. ResearchGate. Bentham Science Publishers; 2015 [cited 2022 === Changes in the Knee ===

...to Help Your Back Available:https://www.spine-health.com/wellness/exercise/exercise-and-fitness-help-your-back (accessed 1.2.2022)</ref> ...ng]] will aggravate their existing back pain. They may become reluctant to exercise and rely on [[Pain Medications|medications]].<ref name=":0">Andersen LB, We

...ld report on what the patient's [[Adherence to Home Exercise Programs|home exercise programme (HEP)]] will consist of, as well as the steps to take in order to ...ercises in standing - pt. performed hip flexion, extension, and abduction; knee flexion 10 reps x 1 set B. Pt. performs HEP with supervision (in evenings w

[[File:Hip exercise 6.png|right|frameless]] Therapeutic Exercise/Activities:

.... [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521694208000028 Non-exercise physical therapies for musculoskeletal conditions.] Best Practice & Researc ...jea/advpub/0/advpub_JE20090030/_article/-char/ja/ Effectiveness of aquatic exercise and balneotherapy: a summary of systematic reviews based on randomized cont

...can be proposed that these recent advances in technology can help improve therapeutic outcomes.&nbsp; Specific to physiotherapy home exercise programs, smartphone applications provide a new and emerging way to deliver

...king its own tissues. It mainly affects the lining of the hand, wrist, and knee joints. This causes pain, swelling, stiffness, deformity and unsteadiness a ...Nawrocki A, Harreby M, Danneskiold‐Samsøe B. Safe and effective isokinetic knee extension training in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism: Officia

...reased lumbar lordosis, lateral lumbar shift, external rotation of hip and knee hyperextension. It also can lead to changes in posture in other parts of th ...hip flexors are shortened, the pelvis is tilted anteriorly and the hip and knee are in slight flexion. Associated with this is an anterior translation of t

...l vertebrae), [[Meniscal Lesions|Menisc]]<nowiki/>i (cartilage pads of the knee joint), the callus (formed at the ends of bones at the site of a fracture), [[Therapeutic Exercise|'''Exercise''']] '''and Cartilage Health''':

...MD - editor. 2nd edition. Essentials of Muscluloskeletal Care. Section 6, Knee and Lower leg - popliteal cyst: 2001:397-398 </ref> ...ert, J. C., Bianchi, S., Verdonk, R., & Wirth, C. J. The popliteal cyst. ''Knee'' Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2006'';'' ''14''(7): 623-628.

...tient also feels weak when straightening the leg and may have a diminished knee jerk reflex. * Pain generally radiates below the knee, into the foot<ref name="Kika">Konstantinou K, Lewis M, Dunn KM. [https://w

* Prescribe therapeutic or diagnostic interventions while balancing environmental health while prov ...rly discharge planning has been shown to reduce a hospital LOS following a knee or hip arthroplasty from 10.5 to 6.5 days.<ref>Crowe, J., Henderson, J. [ht

...y:Foot Foot], especially as it has been shown that differences in foot and knee characteristics influence rates of osteoarthritis<ref name="Reilly">Reilly, ...16(4):241-51.</ref>. Although the ankle cartilage is thinner compared with knee or hip cartilage, it shows higher compressive stiffness and proteoglycan de

...6uY_z3K86TywSl1LXoCA&scisig=AAGBfm3-Xke7HiSACVwH3GheEawiwvbxgg Therapeutic exercise: Foundations and techniques], ed 5, Philadelphia, 2007, FA Davis. * Patients should be slowly working up to 30 minutes of exercise and physical activity at least 5 days a week.

...lm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9174504/pdf/kjr-23-674.pdf Imaging Findings and Therapeutic Approaches.] Korean J Radiol. 2022 Jun;23(6):674-687.</ref> ...he trochlear groove and keep it engaged within the trochlear groove as the knee flexes and extends.” <ref name=":1">Post WR, Fithian DC. [https://journal

...and desensitization, transfers, pre-prosthetic ambulation and therapeutic exercise. Based on the patient's presentation, age and prior level of function, it i ...wer extremity and in the right hip flexors, extensors and abductors. Right knee extension and flexion strength testing were considered inconclusive seconda

...atigue During Game Play: A Review of Central Nervous System Aspects During Exercise. Science and Football IV. 2001:304.</ref>: M. [[Erector Spinae|erector spin ...rmacologic approaches were recommended as the first-line agents, including exercise, [[Tai Chi and the Older Person|tai-chi]], [[yoga]], multidisciplinary reha

...ambulation with contralateral versus ipsilateral cane use in patients with knee OA. This evidence points toward using a single-handed ambulation AD as warr ...Kito N, Shinkoda K. Biomechanical mechanism of lateral trunk lean gait for knee osteoarthritis patients. Journal of Biomechanics. 2018 Jan 3;66:10-7.</ref>

...cal and [[Cognitive Impairments|cognitive]] benefits accruing from regular exercise participation by older adults. ...se and Physical Activity for Older Adults.  Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise: Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci '''S

...n_patients_under_55_years_of_age redicting dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty in patients under 55 years of age]. The bone & joint journal. ...bia]] and the [[femur]] as a shock absorber.<ref name=":4">Medscape. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/

...n: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with an analysis of therapeutic efficacy]. Journal of manual & manipulative therapy. 2008 Jan 1;16(1):8-22< ...E|300}}<ref>Paul Marquis under Ortho EVAL PAL. Ulnar Nerve Gliding/Sliding Exercise Video. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RqaQErKMpE [last ac

*[[Therapeutic Corticosteroid Injection|Corticosteroid (injection)]] - often prescribed to ...d controlled study evaluating two different concentrations of polidocanol. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2008;16:859‐864.</ref><ref>Wij

...nd they can be helpful to correct problems in the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]], [[knee]], [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], and [[Spine Segmental Assessment|spine]]<nowiki>''< ...er-pronated foot]]’. However, more current understanding leans towards the therapeutic benefit being achieved from internal kinetic changes.

...d be able to identify which hip muscles are affected and develop effective exercise programmes to address these issues.<ref name=":1" /> ...nt pathology. A study found that proximal hip weakness has caused anterior knee pain,<ref>Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davis IM. [https://www.jos

...diet can have such a significant impact on patients' ability to engage in exercise [[Rehabilitation Interventions|rehabilitation]] and their overall outcomes, * [[Therapeutic Exercise|Exercise]] capacity

# Therapeutic exercises: [[Range of Motion|range of motion]]; [[Active and Passive Insuff ...://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5874899/bin/datasheet1.docx Impact of powered knee-ankle prosthesis on low back muscle mechanics in transfemoral amputees: A c

#Patient will tolerate aerobic exercise to improve fatigue management and cardiovascular health for 30 minutes 2x p #Patient will be able to improve strength in knee extension from 3+/5 to 4+/5 to prevent osteoporosis and impaired motor func