Transversus Abdominis: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
This important muscle is responsible for maintaining proper placement of the abdominal contents as well as helping support the lower back. | |||
With the other abdominal muscles, TrA helps to: | |||
Unilateral action: ipsilateral trunk rotation | * Maintain abdominal tension and support abdominal viscera | ||
* Increase intraabdominal pressure that is helpful in forceful expiration, coughing, defecation. | |||
* Support lumbopelvic during our movement, in concert with other core muscles<ref>Selkow NM, Eck MR, Rivas S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5717480/ Transversus abdominis activation and timing improves following core stability training: a randomized trial.] International journal of sports physical therapy. 2017 Dec;12(7):1048.</ref>. | |||
* Unilateral action: ipsilateral trunk rotation | |||
{{#ev:youtube|S6hqhnSM-MU|300}}<ref>AnatomyOnlineCourse. Clinician Education: Transversus abdominis - AnatomyOnlineCourse. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6hqhnSM-MU[last accessed 25/4/2020</ref> | {{#ev:youtube|S6hqhnSM-MU|300}}<ref>AnatomyOnlineCourse. Clinician Education: Transversus abdominis - AnatomyOnlineCourse. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6hqhnSM-MU[last accessed 25/4/2020</ref> | ||
== Clinical Relevance == | == Clinical Relevance == | ||
Transverse abdominis is a deep [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal muscle]] and an important core muscle | Transverse abdominis is a deep [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal muscle]] and an important core muscle. Inhibition or inadequate activation contributes to [https://physio-pedia.com/Low_Back_Pain?utm_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal low back pain] and lumbar instability<ref name=":0">Lynders C. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11420-019-09717-8 The Critical Role of Development of the Transversus Abdominis in the Prevention and Treatment of Low Back Pain.] HSS Journal®. 2019 Oct 1;15(3):214-20.</ref> | ||
[[Trigger Points|Trigger point]]''':''' abdominal trigger points may be a primary cause of abdominal pain or an associated /secondary condition. | [[Trigger Points|Trigger point]]''':''' abdominal trigger points may be a primary cause of abdominal pain or an associated /secondary condition. | ||
| Line 42: | Line 45: | ||
== Palpation == | == Palpation == | ||
In crook lying position, find the ASIS, and move two inches toward the midline then one inch inferior apply light pressure. When the muscle is contracted you will feel muscle tension popping under your finger. | In crook lying position, find the ASIS, and move two inches toward the midline then one inch inferior apply light pressure. When the muscle is contracted you will feel muscle tension popping under your finger. | ||
== | == Weakness of TrA == | ||
Typical signs of a weak transversus abdominis are toned abdominals above the navel but a bulge below it. The client may experience: an inability to hold in the stomach after a large meal or when gassy; low back fatigue after prolonged standing or walking<ref name=":2">Bodybuilding Wizard TrA Available:https://bodybuilding-wizard.com/transversus-abdominis-muscle-anatomy-exercises/ (accessed 14.12.2021)</ref>. | |||
== Treatment == | |||
Drawing in technique is the most effective technique to activate and strengthen TrA<ref>Oh YJ, Park SH, Lee MM. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100066/ Comparison of Effects of Abdominal Draw-In Lumbar Stabilization Exercises with and without Respiratory Resistance on Women with Low Back Pain:] A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2020;26:e921295-1.</ref>. | |||
{{#ev:youtube|MGvQNzhxBWo}}<ref>Dr Deborah Riczo. Learn the easiest way to activate Transverse Abdominis (TVA) muscle with Dr. Deb, physical therapist. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGvQNzhxBWo (last accessed 21 June 2021)</ref> | * Basic Abdominal draw-in maneuver. Lay on your back, with knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Place your fingers on the muscles just below your belly button then contract those muscles by pulling them down and away from your fingers. ie pull the belly-button down toward the floor without holding your breath during this movement. Keep your upper-abdominal muscles, back muscles, and hip muscles relaxed. Hold this position for 5 seconds making sure you continue to breathe. The point of this direct transverse abdominis exercise is to fire the transverse abdominis without firing the rectus abdominis muscle<ref name=":2" />. | ||
Exercise be graduated from maintaining static contraction to be involved in more dynamic and functional activities, and apply it with other [[Core Stability|core exercises]].<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Correct abdominal drawing in.jpg|thumb|166x166px|correct abdominal draw in ]][[File:Relaxed.jpg|thumb|relaxed position|left|167x167px]] | |||
[[File:Overactive rectus abdominis.jpg|thumb|rectus over activity|center]]The side plank (side bridge) and [[Plank exercise|regular plank]] are arguably the best exercises for activating the TVA indirectly.<ref name=":2" />{{#ev:youtube|MGvQNzhxBWo}}<ref>Dr Deborah Riczo. Learn the easiest way to activate Transverse Abdominis (TVA) muscle with Dr. Deb, physical therapist. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGvQNzhxBWo (last accessed 21 June 2021)</ref> | |||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
[[Lumbar Motor Control Training|Lumbar Motor Control Training]] | [[Lumbar Motor Control Training|Lumbar Motor Control Training]] | ||
Revision as of 01:51, 14 December 2021
Original Editor - Khloud Shreif
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Khloud Shreif, Kim Jackson, Candace Goh, Joao Costa, Wanda van Niekerk and Oyemi Sillo
Description[edit | edit source]
The transverse abdominal (TA) muscle is the deepest of the 6 abdominal muscles. It extends between the ribs and the pelvis, wrapping around the trunk from front to back. The fibers of this muscle run horizontally, similar to a back support belt. In this way, along with providing postural support, the transverse abdominal muscle helps to contain and support the organs located inside the trunk[1].
TrA is one of the main core muscles that support of the lumbopelvic region.
Origin[edit | edit source]
TrA arises from more than one origin;
Lateral third of inguinal ligament and associated iliac fascia, anterior two-third of the iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and inner surface of lower six costal cartilage and their ribs(7-12)
Insertion[edit | edit source]
The transverse abdominal muscle inserts onto the xiphoid process, the linea alba (a tendon that runs vertically from ribs to the pelvis and separates the right and left sides of the superficial rectus abdominus muscle) and the pubic symphysis joint[1].
Nerve[edit | edit source]
Innervated by lower five intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, ilioinguinal L1 and iliohypogastric L1
Artery[edit | edit source]
Receive blood supply from the lower posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries, superior and inferior epigastric arteries, superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries, posterior lumbar arteries.
Function[edit | edit source]
This important muscle is responsible for maintaining proper placement of the abdominal contents as well as helping support the lower back.
With the other abdominal muscles, TrA helps to:
- Maintain abdominal tension and support abdominal viscera
- Increase intraabdominal pressure that is helpful in forceful expiration, coughing, defecation.
- Support lumbopelvic during our movement, in concert with other core muscles[2].
- Unilateral action: ipsilateral trunk rotation
Clinical Relevance[edit | edit source]
Transverse abdominis is a deep abdominal muscle and an important core muscle. Inhibition or inadequate activation contributes to low back pain and lumbar instability[4]
Trigger point: abdominal trigger points may be a primary cause of abdominal pain or an associated /secondary condition.
The costal attachment of TrA refers pain to the anterior abdomen, xiphoid process it's local pain.
The suprapubic attachment refers pain inferiorly and medially.[5] If there is a trigger point patient may present with distressing cough
Palpation[edit | edit source]
In crook lying position, find the ASIS, and move two inches toward the midline then one inch inferior apply light pressure. When the muscle is contracted you will feel muscle tension popping under your finger.
Weakness of TrA[edit | edit source]
Typical signs of a weak transversus abdominis are toned abdominals above the navel but a bulge below it. The client may experience: an inability to hold in the stomach after a large meal or when gassy; low back fatigue after prolonged standing or walking[6].
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Drawing in technique is the most effective technique to activate and strengthen TrA[7].
- Basic Abdominal draw-in maneuver. Lay on your back, with knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Place your fingers on the muscles just below your belly button then contract those muscles by pulling them down and away from your fingers. ie pull the belly-button down toward the floor without holding your breath during this movement. Keep your upper-abdominal muscles, back muscles, and hip muscles relaxed. Hold this position for 5 seconds making sure you continue to breathe. The point of this direct transverse abdominis exercise is to fire the transverse abdominis without firing the rectus abdominis muscle[6].
Exercise be graduated from maintaining static contraction to be involved in more dynamic and functional activities, and apply it with other core exercises.[4]
The side plank (side bridge) and regular plank are arguably the best exercises for activating the TVA indirectly.[6]
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Very well health TrAhttps://www.verywellhealth.com/transverse-abdominal-muscle-297289 (accessed 13.12.2021)
- ↑ Selkow NM, Eck MR, Rivas S. Transversus abdominis activation and timing improves following core stability training: a randomized trial. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2017 Dec;12(7):1048.
- ↑ AnatomyOnlineCourse. Clinician Education: Transversus abdominis - AnatomyOnlineCourse. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6hqhnSM-MU[last accessed 25/4/2020
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lynders C. The Critical Role of Development of the Transversus Abdominis in the Prevention and Treatment of Low Back Pain. HSS Journal®. 2019 Oct 1;15(3):214-20.
- ↑ nielasher.com/blogs/video-blog/trigger-point-therapy-transversus-abdominis
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Bodybuilding Wizard TrA Available:https://bodybuilding-wizard.com/transversus-abdominis-muscle-anatomy-exercises/ (accessed 14.12.2021)
- ↑ Oh YJ, Park SH, Lee MM. Comparison of Effects of Abdominal Draw-In Lumbar Stabilization Exercises with and without Respiratory Resistance on Women with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2020;26:e921295-1.
- ↑ Dr Deborah Riczo. Learn the easiest way to activate Transverse Abdominis (TVA) muscle with Dr. Deb, physical therapist. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGvQNzhxBWo (last accessed 21 June 2021)
