Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Toolkit: Difference between revisions

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Dr. Marie Westby, Ronda Field, Maureen Duggan, Dolores Langford, Robyn Laytham, Steven Longstaff, Phil Sweeney, Lauren Welch, Alison Hoens  
Dr. Marie Westby, Ronda Field, Maureen Duggan, Dolores Langford, Robyn Laytham, Steven Longstaff, Phil Sweeney, Lauren Welch, Alison Hoens  
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==  Introduction to the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Toolkit  ==


The TJAOM Knowledge Translation Task Force is pleased to share with you the [http://physicaltherapy.med.ubc.ca/physical-therapy-knowledge-broker/total-joint-arthroplasty-and-outcome-measures-tjaom-toolkit/ TJAOM Toolkit]. The purpose of the toolkit is to provide clinicians with outcome measures appropriate for use along the continuum of care for patients before and after total joint arthroplasty.


== Introduction to the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Toolkit ==
The development of this toolkit is one of multiple Physical Therapy Knowledge Broker projects (including [[Achilles Tendinopathy Toolkit|the Achilles Tendinopathy Toolkit]] and [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy (Tennis Elbow) Toolkit|the Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy (Tennis Elbow) Toolkit]]) supported by the UBC Department of Physical Therapy, the Physiotherapy Association of BC, the Vancouver Coastal Research Institute, and the Providence Healthcare Research Institute.


The TJAOM Knowledge Translation Task Force is pleased to share with you the TJAOM Toolkit. The purpose of the toolkit is to provide clinicians with outcome measures appropriate for use along the continuum of care for patients before and after total joint arthroplasty.  
The following information is current as of February 2015.  


The development of this toolkit is one of multiple Physical Therapy Knowledge Broker projects (including [[Achilles Tendinopathy Toolkit| the Achilles Tendinopathy Toolkit]] and [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy (Tennis Elbow) Toolkit| the Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy (Tennis Elbow) Toolkit]]) supported by the UBC Department of Physical Therapy, the Physiotherapy Association of BC, the Vancouver Coastal Research Institute, and the Providence Healthcare Research Institute.  
<br>
 
== Guide to using the TJAOM Toolkit  ==
 
#From the <u>'''Recommended Outcome Measures along the Continuum of Total Joint Arthroplasty'''</u>:
#*Identify the relevant <u>phase of care</u>:
#**Pre-op, Acute, Post-acute, Active Living
#*Select, based on the needs of your patients and practice setting, <u>at least one of each category</u> of outcome measure:
#**Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) e.g. Pain VAS/NRPS, LEFS, HOOS or KOOS
#**Performance Measure e.g. 30 sec-CST, Gait speed, Stair Climb, TUG, Functional Reach, SLS, 6MWT<br>
#From the '''<u>One Page Summaries</u>''' for each outcome measure
#*Review the information for the outcome measures that you selected, AND
#*Review the instructions of how to do the test from the link provided in the section “How do I do it?”<br>
#From the '''<u>Learning Modules</u>''' for each outcome measure
#*Review the learning modules for each of the outcome measures that you selected<br>
#Practice, with a colleague, each outcome measure that you selected<br>
#Trial, with 5 consecutive patients, each outcome measure that you selected
#*Do it (according to the instructions)  
#*Score it (according to the instructions)
#*Interpret it (according to the information about the MDC, MCID, cut-offs, norms etc.)<br>
#Use, with all appropriate patients, at admission, at least once through the series of treatments, and at discharge, each outcome measure that you selected
#*Do it
#*Score it
#*Interpret it
#*Explain the interpretation to the patient
#*Adjust your treatment according to the results
#*Document the result, interpretation and any changes to treatment<br>
#Use the '''<u>Discharge Letter Template and Appendices</u>''' to communicate the results and interpretation with the physician.
#*Read “How to use the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Discharge Letter Template and Appendices”
#*Customize the letter with your clinic/organization’s logo and address
#*Cut and paste the outcome measures and suggested interpretation statements that are relevant for the patient <br>
 
== Recommended Outcome Measures along the Total Joint Arthroplasty Continuum  ==
 
The purpose of this document is to provide evidence-based guidance (evidence derived from a survey, chart audit, focus group, Delphi process and the literature) regarding the most appropriate outcome measures (OMs) to use for patients along the continuum of care for Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty. The selection of how many and which OMs to use is at the discretion of the clinician based upon the unique contexts of the practice setting.
 
'''Legend''': HOOS = Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KOOS = Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; LEFS = Lower Extremity Functional Scale; NRPS = Numeric Pain Rating Scale; PROMs = Patient-Reported Outcome Measures; SLS = Single Leg Stance; TUG = Timed-Up-and-Go; VAS = Visual Analogue Scale; 6MWT = 6 Minute Walk Test; 30-CST= 30 Sec Chair Stand Test
 
=== 1. Pre-Op: Moderate to advanced OA  ===


The following information is current as of February 2015.
*PROMs:
**Pain VAS/NPRS<ref name="Dobson">Dobson F, Hinman RS, Roos EM, Abbott JG, Stratford P, David AM, Buchbinder R, Snyder-Mackler L, Henrotin Y, Thumboo J, Hansen P, Bennell KL (2013). OARSI recommended performance-based tests to assess physical function in people diagnosed with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage; 21:1042-52.</ref>
**HOOS/KOOS<ref name="Alviar">Alviar MJ, Olver J, Brand C, Hale T, &amp; Khan F. (2011) Do patient-reported outcome measures used in assessing outcomes rehabilitation after hip and knee arthroplasty capture issues relevant to patients? Results of a systematic reviewfckLR nd ICF linking process. J Rehabil Med; 43(5):374-81.</ref><ref name="Alviar2">Alviar MJ, Olver J, Brand C, Tropea J, Hale T, Pirpiris, M, Khan F. (2011). Do patient-reported outcome measures in hip and knee arthroplasty rehabilitation have robust measurement attributes? A systematic review. J Rehabil Med; 43:572-83.</ref><ref name="Collins">Collins NJ &amp; Roos EM (2012). Patient-Reported Outcomes for Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Commonly Used Instruments and Attributes of a “Good” Measure. Clin Geriatr Med; 28:367–94.</ref>
**LEFS<ref name="Westby" />


== Using the TJAOM Toolkit ==
*Performance:
**30 sec-CST<ref name="Hawker">Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M (2011). Measures of adult pain. Arthritis Care Res. 63(Suppl 11):S240-52.</ref><ref name="Westby">Westby MD, Brittain, A, Backman CL (2013). Expert consensus on best practices for post-acute rehabilitation after total hip and knee arthroplasty: A Canada-US Delphi study. Arthritis Care Res. Sep 10. Epub ahead of print.</ref><ref name="McAuley">McAuley C, Westby MD, Hoens A, Troughton D, Field R, Duggan M, Reid WD (2014). A survey of physiotherapists' experience using outcome measures in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Phys Can. Jan 21. Epub ahead of print.</ref>
**Gait speed (self selected)<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Stair climb test<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**SLS (30 sec)<ref name="Westby" />
**6MWT<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" />
**TUG<ref name="Dobson" /><ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" />
**Functional Reach<ref name="Westby" />


*From the Recommended Outcome Measures along the Continuum of Total Joint Arthroplasty:
=== 2. Acute: 3-5 day hospital stay  ===
**Identify the relevant phase of care:
***Pre-op, Acute, Post-acute, Active Living
**Select, based on the needs of your patients and practice setting, at least one of each category of outcome measure:  
***Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) e.g. Pain VAS/NRPS, LEFS, HOOS or KOOS
***Performance Measure e.g. 30 sec-CST, Gait speed, Stair Climb, TUG, Functional Reach, SLS, 6MWT


*From the One Page Summaries for each outcome measure
*PROMs:
**Review the information for the outcome measures that you selected, AND
**Pain VAS/NPRS<ref name="Dobson" />
**Review the instructions of how to do the test from the link provided in the section “How do I do it?”


*From the Learning Modules for each outcome measure
*Performance:
**Review the learning modules for each of the outcome measures that you selected
**TUG<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Gait speed (self selected)<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />


*Practice, with a colleague, each outcome measure that you selected
=== 3. Post-Acute: Outpatient/home settings  ===


*Trial, with 5 consecutive patients, each outcome measure that you selected
*PROMs:
**Do it (according to the instructions)
**Pain VAS/NPRS<ref name="Dobson" />
**Score it (according to the instructions)
**HOOS/KOOS<ref name="Alviar" /><ref name="Alviar2" /><ref name="Collins" />
**Interpret it (according to the information about the MDC, MCID, cut-offs, norms etc.)
**LEFS<ref name="McAuley" />


*Use, with all appropriate patients, at admission, at least once through the series of treatments, and at discharge, each outcome measure that you selected
*Performance:
**Do it
**30 sec-CST<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Score it
**Gait speed (self selected)<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Interpret it
**Stair climb test<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Explain the interpretation to the patient
**SLS (30 sec)<ref name="Westby" />
**Adjust your treatment according to the results
**6MWT (TKA)<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" />
**Document the result, interpretation and any changes to treatment
**TUG<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Functional Reach<ref name="Westby" />


*Use the Discharge Letter Template and Appendices to communicate the results and interpretation with the physician.  
=== 4. Active Living: 1 year post-op and onwards  ===
**Read “How to use the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Discharge Letter Template and Appendices”
**Customize the letter with your clinic/organization’s logo and address
**Cut and paste the outcome measures and suggested interpretation statements that are relevant for the patient


<br>  
*PROMs:<br>
**HOOS/KOOS<ref name="Alviar" /><ref name="Alviar2" /><ref name="Collins" />
**LEFS<ref name="McAuley" />
 
*Performance:
**30 sec-CST<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Gait speed (self selected)<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**Stair climb test<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" /><ref name="McAuley" />
**SLS (30 sec)<ref name="Westby" />
**TUG<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" />
**6MWT<ref name="Hawker" /><ref name="Westby" />
**Functional Reach<ref name="Westby" />
 
[[Image:Recommended Outcome Measures along the Total Joint Arthroplasty Continuum.png|center]]<br>  


=== The TJAOM Toolkit  ===
== One Page Summaries  ==


The TJAOM Toolkit <ref>http://physicaltherapy.med.ubc.ca/physical-therapy-knowledge-broker/total-joint-arthroplasty-and-outcome-measures-tjaom-toolkit/</ref> includes:
The toolkit contains these one page summaries to encourage you to review the information for the outcome measures that you selected and to review the instructions of how to do the test from the link provided in the section “How do I do it?”.


*A tabulated summary of the evidence for manual therapy, exercise, acupuncture, low level laser therapy (LLLT), ultrasound (US), extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), iontophoresis using dexamethasone, iontophoresis using NSAID or lidocaine, orthotic devices, and taping, appropriate outcome measures for this population, as well as associated 'take home messages' and 'clinical implications'
*Performance measure summaries:
*An algorithm to assist clinicians in ascertaining when to incorporate specific interventions
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-Stair-Climb-Test-May-2015.pdf Stair Climb Test]
*And the following appendices:  
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-30s-CST-Apr-9-2014.pdf 30 sec Chair Stand Test (30sec-CST)]
**A) Details of the Articles
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-Gait-speed-Apr-28-2014.pdf Gait Speed (10 Metre Walk Test, 10MWT)]
**B) Manual Therapy
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-6-MWT-Dec-8-2014.pdf 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)]
**C) Details of Exercise Prescription
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-TUG-May-2015.pdf Timed Up and Go (TUG)]
**D) LASER Dosage Calculation
**[http://physicaltherapy.med.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-Functional-Reach-June-9-2014.pdf Functional Reach Test (FRT)]
**E) Braces, Splints, and Taping
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-Single-Leg-Stance-May-2015.pdf Single Leg Stance (SLS)]
**F) Outcome Measures
**G) Medical and Surgical Interventions


Clinicians want to provide evidence-informed management of tendinopathy but many struggle with accessing, appraising and synthesizing the vast array of literature available on this topic. This KT initiative highlights the need for, challenges associated with, evidence-informed process for and positive response to the development of decision aids synthesizing the current evidence to guide clinical management of this patient population.<br>
*Patient reported measure summaries:
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-NPRS-Apr-9-2014.pdf Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)]
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-VAS-Pain-June-18-2014.pdf Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): Pain]
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-KOOS-Apr-9-2014.pdf Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)]
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-HOOS-Apr-9-2014.pdf Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)]
**[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-OM-Summary-LEFS-Jun-6-20141.pdf Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)]


== Access the Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit  ==
*The [http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/Outcome-Measurement-Glossary_Revised.pdf glossary of terms]<br>


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Summary of the Evidence|Summary of the Evidence]]  ===
<br>


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Treatment Algorithm|Treatment Algorithm]] ===
== Learning Modules ==


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix A|Appendix A: Details of the Articles]]  ===
Online learning modules for each recommended outcome measure are currently being developed. &nbsp;These learning modules will provide the step by step process to apply, score and interpret each of the recommended outcome measures.


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix B|Appendix B: Manual Therapy]]  ===
<br>


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix C|Appendix C: Details of Exercise Prescription]] ===
== Discharge Letter Template and Appendices ==


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix D|Appendix D: LASER Dosage Calculation]]  ===
Use the Discharge Letter Template and Appendices to communicate the results and interpretation with the physician.&nbsp;Read “How to use the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Discharge Letter Template and Appendices”, customize the letter with your clinic/organization’s logo and address and cut and paste the outcome measures and suggested interpretation statements that are relevant for the patient.


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix E|Appendix E: Braces, Splints, and Taping]] ===
*[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/TJA-Outcome-Measure-Discharge-Letter-Template-and-Appendices-July-14-2014-FINAL.docx TJAOM Discharge Letter and Appendices]
*[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/04/How-to-use-the-TJAOM-Discharge-Letter-Template-July-13-Final.pdf How to use the TJAOM Discharge Letter Template and Appendices]


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix F|Appendix F: Outcome Measures]]  ===
<br>


=== [[Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy Toolkit: Appendix G|Appendix G: Medical and Surgical Interventions]]  ===
== Other Supporting Resources  ==
 
*[http://med-fom-clone-pt.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2012/05/TKAOM_Project_Summary_Final17005.pdf TJAOM Project Summary]
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/images/a/ad/TJAOM_Focus_Group_Summary_of_Findings_PP.pdf TJAOM Focus Group Summary]
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/images/5/51/Delphi-summary-document-PP.pdf Delphi Summary]
 
<br>


== References  ==
== References  ==


<references />
<references />
[[Category:Older People/Geriatrics]]
[[Category:Joints]]
[[Category:Assessment]]
[[Category:Outcome Measures]]
[[Category:Older People/Geriatrics - Outcome Measures]]
[[Category:PT Knowledge Broker Project]]
[[Category:Osteoarthritis]]
[[Category:Arthroplasty]]

Latest revision as of 13:39, 11 January 2024

The TJAOM Knowledge Translation Task Force

Dr. Marie Westby, Ronda Field, Maureen Duggan, Dolores Langford, Robyn Laytham, Steven Longstaff, Phil Sweeney, Lauren Welch, Alison Hoens

Introduction to the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Toolkit[edit | edit source]

The TJAOM Knowledge Translation Task Force is pleased to share with you the TJAOM Toolkit. The purpose of the toolkit is to provide clinicians with outcome measures appropriate for use along the continuum of care for patients before and after total joint arthroplasty.

The development of this toolkit is one of multiple Physical Therapy Knowledge Broker projects (including the Achilles Tendinopathy Toolkit and the Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy (Tennis Elbow) Toolkit) supported by the UBC Department of Physical Therapy, the Physiotherapy Association of BC, the Vancouver Coastal Research Institute, and the Providence Healthcare Research Institute.

The following information is current as of February 2015.


Guide to using the TJAOM Toolkit[edit | edit source]

  1. From the Recommended Outcome Measures along the Continuum of Total Joint Arthroplasty:
    • Identify the relevant phase of care:
      • Pre-op, Acute, Post-acute, Active Living
    • Select, based on the needs of your patients and practice setting, at least one of each category of outcome measure:
      • Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) e.g. Pain VAS/NRPS, LEFS, HOOS or KOOS
      • Performance Measure e.g. 30 sec-CST, Gait speed, Stair Climb, TUG, Functional Reach, SLS, 6MWT
  2. From the One Page Summaries for each outcome measure
    • Review the information for the outcome measures that you selected, AND
    • Review the instructions of how to do the test from the link provided in the section “How do I do it?”
  3. From the Learning Modules for each outcome measure
    • Review the learning modules for each of the outcome measures that you selected
  4. Practice, with a colleague, each outcome measure that you selected
  5. Trial, with 5 consecutive patients, each outcome measure that you selected
    • Do it (according to the instructions)
    • Score it (according to the instructions)
    • Interpret it (according to the information about the MDC, MCID, cut-offs, norms etc.)
  6. Use, with all appropriate patients, at admission, at least once through the series of treatments, and at discharge, each outcome measure that you selected
    • Do it
    • Score it
    • Interpret it
    • Explain the interpretation to the patient
    • Adjust your treatment according to the results
    • Document the result, interpretation and any changes to treatment
  7. Use the Discharge Letter Template and Appendices to communicate the results and interpretation with the physician.
    • Read “How to use the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Discharge Letter Template and Appendices”
    • Customize the letter with your clinic/organization’s logo and address
    • Cut and paste the outcome measures and suggested interpretation statements that are relevant for the patient

Recommended Outcome Measures along the Total Joint Arthroplasty Continuum[edit | edit source]

The purpose of this document is to provide evidence-based guidance (evidence derived from a survey, chart audit, focus group, Delphi process and the literature) regarding the most appropriate outcome measures (OMs) to use for patients along the continuum of care for Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty. The selection of how many and which OMs to use is at the discretion of the clinician based upon the unique contexts of the practice setting.

Legend: HOOS = Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KOOS = Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; LEFS = Lower Extremity Functional Scale; NRPS = Numeric Pain Rating Scale; PROMs = Patient-Reported Outcome Measures; SLS = Single Leg Stance; TUG = Timed-Up-and-Go; VAS = Visual Analogue Scale; 6MWT = 6 Minute Walk Test; 30-CST= 30 Sec Chair Stand Test

1. Pre-Op: Moderate to advanced OA[edit | edit source]

2. Acute: 3-5 day hospital stay[edit | edit source]

  • PROMs:
    • Pain VAS/NPRS[1]

3. Post-Acute: Outpatient/home settings[edit | edit source]

4. Active Living: 1 year post-op and onwards[edit | edit source]

Recommended Outcome Measures along the Total Joint Arthroplasty Continuum.png


One Page Summaries[edit | edit source]

The toolkit contains these one page summaries to encourage you to review the information for the outcome measures that you selected and to review the instructions of how to do the test from the link provided in the section “How do I do it?”.


Learning Modules[edit | edit source]

Online learning modules for each recommended outcome measure are currently being developed.  These learning modules will provide the step by step process to apply, score and interpret each of the recommended outcome measures.


Discharge Letter Template and Appendices[edit | edit source]

Use the Discharge Letter Template and Appendices to communicate the results and interpretation with the physician. Read “How to use the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Discharge Letter Template and Appendices”, customize the letter with your clinic/organization’s logo and address and cut and paste the outcome measures and suggested interpretation statements that are relevant for the patient.


Other Supporting Resources[edit | edit source]


References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Dobson F, Hinman RS, Roos EM, Abbott JG, Stratford P, David AM, Buchbinder R, Snyder-Mackler L, Henrotin Y, Thumboo J, Hansen P, Bennell KL (2013). OARSI recommended performance-based tests to assess physical function in people diagnosed with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage; 21:1042-52.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Alviar MJ, Olver J, Brand C, Hale T, & Khan F. (2011) Do patient-reported outcome measures used in assessing outcomes rehabilitation after hip and knee arthroplasty capture issues relevant to patients? Results of a systematic reviewfckLR nd ICF linking process. J Rehabil Med; 43(5):374-81.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Alviar MJ, Olver J, Brand C, Tropea J, Hale T, Pirpiris, M, Khan F. (2011). Do patient-reported outcome measures in hip and knee arthroplasty rehabilitation have robust measurement attributes? A systematic review. J Rehabil Med; 43:572-83.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Collins NJ & Roos EM (2012). Patient-Reported Outcomes for Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Commonly Used Instruments and Attributes of a “Good” Measure. Clin Geriatr Med; 28:367–94.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 Westby MD, Brittain, A, Backman CL (2013). Expert consensus on best practices for post-acute rehabilitation after total hip and knee arthroplasty: A Canada-US Delphi study. Arthritis Care Res. Sep 10. Epub ahead of print.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M (2011). Measures of adult pain. Arthritis Care Res. 63(Suppl 11):S240-52.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 McAuley C, Westby MD, Hoens A, Troughton D, Field R, Duggan M, Reid WD (2014). A survey of physiotherapists' experience using outcome measures in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Phys Can. Jan 21. Epub ahead of print.
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