The 4-Stage Balance Test: Difference between revisions
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== Objective | == Objective == | ||
To evaluate static balance. | To evaluate static balance.<ref name=":0">Phelan EA, Mahoney JE, Voit JC, Stevens JA. [[Assessment and management of fall risk in primary care settings.]] Medical Clinics. 2015 Mar 1;99(2):281-93.</ref> | ||
== Intended Population | == Intended Population == | ||
The test is intended to be performed in the elderly population. | The test is intended to be performed in the elderly population.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Method of Use == | == Method of Use == | ||
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2. The patient is asked to hold a "semi-tandem" position in which the subject's preferred foot is placed forward. | 2. The patient is asked to hold a "semi-tandem" position in which the subject's preferred foot is placed forward. | ||
3. In the third task, the subject is required to hold a tandem stance for 10s. | 3. In the third task, the subject is required to hold a tandem stance for 10s. | ||
4. In the fourth and last task, the subject is asked to maintain balance in a single-leg stance. | 4. In the fourth and last task, the subject is asked to maintain balance in a single-leg stance. | ||
NOTE: If the subject is not able to sustain the posture for at least 10 seconds, the test is stopped and the therapist must record the number of seconds which were completed. | NOTE: If the subject is not able to sustain the posture for at least 10 seconds, the test is stopped and the therapist must record the number of seconds which were completed. <ref>Gardner MM, Buchner DM, Robertson MC, Campbell AJ. [[Practical implementation of an exercise‐based falls prevention programme.]] Age and ageing. 2001 Jan 1;30(1):77-83.</ref> | ||
{{#ev:youtube|3HvMLLIGY6c}} | {{#ev:youtube|3HvMLLIGY6c}} | ||
=== Outcome === | === Outcome === | ||
Not being able to hold the tandem stance (task number 3) for 10 seconds is an indication of increased risk of fall. | Not being able to hold the tandem stance (task number 3) for 10 seconds is an indication of increased risk of fall. <ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Reliability === calculated on 972 subjects with 3-12 months between test and re-test is reported to be 0.45 | === Reliability === calculated on 972 subjects with 3-12 months between test and re-test is reported to be 0.45 | ||
Interclass (Pearson) correlations, with time between test and re-test of 3-4 months, 187 subjects from the community) is reported as moderate (0.66) ( | Interclass (Pearson) correlations, with time between test and re-test of 3-4 months, 187 subjects from the community) is reported as moderate (0.66) <ref name=":1">Rossiter-Fornoff JE, Wolf SL, Wolfson LI, Buchner DM, FICSIT Group. [[A cross-sectional validation study of the FICSIT common data base static balance measures.]] The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 1995 Nov 1;50(6):M291-7.</ref> | ||
=== Validity === | === Validity === | ||
A robust correlation has been reported when comparing the scale with other measurements for balance, in the same subjects: | A robust correlation has been reported when comparing the scale with other measurements for balance, in the same subjects. <ref name=":1" /> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Outcome Measures]] | |||
[[Category:Balance]] | |||
[[Category:Falls]] | |||
[[Category:Older People/Geriatrics]] | |||
Revision as of 13:47, 20 September 2020
Original Editor - Gabriele Dara
Top Contributors - Gabriele Dara, Lucinda hampton, Admin, Kim Jackson and Shaimaa Eldib
Objective[edit | edit source]
To evaluate static balance.[1]
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
The test is intended to be performed in the elderly population.[1]
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
The test, performed from a standing position, involves 4 different tasks which are progressively increasing in difficulty. Each posture is maintained for a maximum of 10 seconds which are recorded by the therapist with a stopwatch. The latter is responsible for pronouncing "start" and "stop" at the beginning and end of each task respectively.
A description of each of the 4 tasks is presented below: 1. The subject is asked to maintain the standing position while keeping the feet side-by-side ("parallel stance"). 2. The patient is asked to hold a "semi-tandem" position in which the subject's preferred foot is placed forward. 3. In the third task, the subject is required to hold a tandem stance for 10s. 4. In the fourth and last task, the subject is asked to maintain balance in a single-leg stance.
NOTE: If the subject is not able to sustain the posture for at least 10 seconds, the test is stopped and the therapist must record the number of seconds which were completed. [2]
Outcome[edit | edit source]
Not being able to hold the tandem stance (task number 3) for 10 seconds is an indication of increased risk of fall. [1]
=== Reliability === calculated on 972 subjects with 3-12 months between test and re-test is reported to be 0.45 Interclass (Pearson) correlations, with time between test and re-test of 3-4 months, 187 subjects from the community) is reported as moderate (0.66) [3]
Validity[edit | edit source]
A robust correlation has been reported when comparing the scale with other measurements for balance, in the same subjects. [3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Phelan EA, Mahoney JE, Voit JC, Stevens JA. Assessment and management of fall risk in primary care settings. Medical Clinics. 2015 Mar 1;99(2):281-93.
- ↑ Gardner MM, Buchner DM, Robertson MC, Campbell AJ. Practical implementation of an exercise‐based falls prevention programme. Age and ageing. 2001 Jan 1;30(1):77-83.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rossiter-Fornoff JE, Wolf SL, Wolfson LI, Buchner DM, FICSIT Group. A cross-sectional validation study of the FICSIT common data base static balance measures. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 1995 Nov 1;50(6):M291-7.
