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...rtant to be able to recognise the red flags that could point towards these conditions. ...l causes of back pain. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine 2007;74(12):905-13.</ref> summarised examples of medical causes of back pain, and the sympto

...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref> ...inal Nerves Available: https://www.verywellhealth.com/spinal-nerves-anatomy-4682599<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>

...acrospinous ligament]]<nowiki/>s. They help stabilise the&nbsp;lumbosacral spine on the [[pelvis]].<ref>A STUDY OF ITS ANATOMY. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIG ....<ref>http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/sports-medicine/iliolumbar-ligament-injury.html</ref>[[Image:IMG_9766.jpg|right|300x300px]]

...tematic review and meta-analysis. The Spine Journal. 2018 Dec 1;18(12):2266-77.</ref> ...rapist]] can be accessed in Physiopedia where [[MRI Scans|MRI]], [[X-Rays|X-rays]], [[CT Scans|CT scans]], and bone scans are discussed.

...al of Physiotherapy. He is also the author of two books:<ref name="mulligan-5">Manual therapy NAGS,SNAGS,MWMS,etc by Brian R.Mulligan, 5th edition, 2004 ...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �

...y] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/nick-rainey// Nick Rainey]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{ ...ironment).<ref>M.Hancock. Approach to low back pain. RACGP, 2014, 43(3):117-118.</ref>

...fessional Road Cyclists.] The American journal of sports medicine. 38. 2494-501. 10.1177/0363546510376816. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/ # Back posture on the bicycle can strain the lower back (lumbar spine flexed) so a long time in the saddle can take its toll on the back.

...ck pain. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2014 May 1;25(2):305-17.</ref>. ...m/index.php/Intervertebral_disc intervertebral disc] and [[Biomechanics of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation]]

[[File:Facet-joints.png|thumb|Facet joints]] ...e world demands a rise in manual labour and brings many threats to the well-being of the workers corroborated by the rise of many musculoskeletal disord

...rt of a patient specific measure]. Physiotherapy canada. 1995 Oct;47(4):258-63.</ref> ...es in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>

...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]] [[File:Baastrup-disease-1.jpeg|thumb|Baastrup syndrome with active inflammation (e.g. bursitis)|alt=

...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]] [[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]

...ation model whose time has come. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(11):658-660.</ref> For example, patients who complain of [[Low Back Pain|LBP]] may a ...k pain: a distal link to a proximal problem. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(1):24-32.</ref>

...ay or may not experience back pain along with radiculopathy, but roughly 12-40% of people with back pain also experience radiculopathy symptoms.<ref nam ...and quality of life versus routine physical therapy alone in patients with lumbar radiculopathy; a randomized controlled trial]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 20

...Spinal Manipulation Available: https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/spinal-manipulation (accessed 13.6.2021)</ref>. ...rapy,” Journal of Orthop Sports Physical Therapy 37, no. 6 (June 2007): 290-302.</ref> &nbsp;:

...et al 2016). Cricketers mainly sustain non-contact injuries to the lumbar spine (1.1 - 3.4 injuries per squad per season) and the lower limb (0.3 - 5.9 inj # Scientific evaluation (intervention efficacy assessment under "ideal conditions")

...k), 12 in the thoracic region (middle back), and 5 in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar region]] (lower back).   ...at deal of strength. They also provide a shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together. They consist of three maj

...tion of the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways. BMJ Open 2016 Aug;6(8):e01 ...estionnaire that is responsive to change across a range of musculoskeletal conditions over the course of treatment, with patients reporting that the outcome meas

...n early fetal development and in turn cause structural problems within the spine and spinal cord. These deformities can range from mild to severe and may ca ...tal spinal deformities Available:https://khavkinclinic.com/congential-spine-deformities/ (accessed 10.10.2021)</ref>

...control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1;23(4):346-54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bi * Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.