Physical Activity as an Anti-Aging Medicine

Original Editor - Tolulope Adeniji

Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Tolulope Adeniji, Kim Jackson, Vidya Acharya and Giulia Neculaes

This page is under development come back 27/08/2020

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Chronic conditions is prevalent in older adults as a result of impact of ageing on body system. Some of this decline is considered normal ageing while chronic conditions that is prevalent among this population also compound their health outcome. Common condition in older adults such as neurocognitive disorder, osteoarthritis and cardiovascular diseases impair or reduce their activity level and further predispose them to sedentary associated diseases. Recently there is growing interest in Physical activity and exercise to improve functions, remediate or alleviate impairments in this population. This paper will identify potential physical activity and exercises that capable or reversing or alleviate process of ageing.


Hallmarks of Ageing[edit | edit source]

Ageing process is a multifactorial proces without a definite single point. Recently, there is evidence support that nine cellular and molecular hallmarks could explain ageing process which includes genomic instability; telomere attrition; epigenetic alterations; loss of proteostasis; and deregulated nutrient sensing, Other include mitochondrial dysfunction; cellular senescence;, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication[1].

Physical activity[edit | edit source]

Physical activity deals skeletal movement that results in energy expenditure an exercise is a subset of Physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive with aim of maintaining or improving physical fitness[2]. And physical fitness are health or skill related attributes that can be quantified with objective measures[2].

Physical activity and Hallmarks of Ageing[edit | edit source]

America College of Sport Medicine[3] had shown that physical activity among older adults has alot of benefits including lower rates of all-cause mortality like reducing risk of coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, type 2 diabetes, colon cancer and breast cancer, Physical fitness among this population also improves chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes , cardiovascular diseases and bone density enhancement,

Physical Activity and Genomic Instability

Zhang et al., noted that physical activity of more than 30 minutes has potential positive impact in global genomic DNA methylation[4] Dimauro et al.,[5] also supported this findings as the authors reported that Physical activity enhance genomic stability among patients with diabetes.

Physical Activity and Telomere Attrition

Physical activity of moderate intensity exercise has shown to preserve telomere length[6] [7]and even sometimes exercise has potential to restoring defective telomere length[6]

Physical Activity and Epigenetic Alterations

Epigenome is a chemical changes to DNA and histone proteins in a cell and this include functional modification of the genome driven by DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA expression[8].

Physical activity of different intensity exercise especially moderate level had shown to positively alter the epigenome[9]. This was demonstrated in the biomakers of epigenome measured. This include Hypermethylation in one CpG site of AMPKA2 and Upregulation of miR-1 and miR-133a etc. This further improves skeletal muscle damage, cardiac stress, necrosis, and systemic inflammation[9].

Physical Activity and Loss of Proteostasis

Physical Activity and Deregulated Nutrient sensing

Physical Activity and Mitochondrial dysfunction,

Physical Activity and Cellular senescence,

Physical Activity and Stem Cell exhaustion,

Physical Activity and Altered Intercellular communication

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

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Resources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, Espregueira-Mendes J. Aging hallmarks: the benefits of physical exercise. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2018 May 25;9:258.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health rep. 1985 Mar 1;100(2):126-31.
  3. ↑ Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, Skinner JS. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Medicine & science in sports & exercise. 2009 Jul 1;41(7):1510-30.
  4. ↑ Zhang FF, Cardarelli R, Carroll J, Zhang S, Fulda KG, Gonzalez K, Vishwanatha JK, Morabia A, Santella RM. Physical activity and global genomic DNA methylation in a cancer-free population. Epigenetics. 2011 Mar 1;6(3):293-9.
  5. ↑ Dimauro I, Sgura A, Pittaluga M, Magi F, Fantini C, Mancinelli R, Sgadari A, Fulle S, Caporossi D. Regular exercise participation improves genomic stability in diabetic patients: an exploratory study to analyse telomere length and DNA damage. Scientific reports. 2017 Jun 23;7(1):1-2.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Arsenis NC, You T, Ogawa EF, Tinsley GM, Zuo L. Physical activity and telomere length: Impact of aging and potential mechanisms of action. Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 4;8(27):45008.
  7. ↑ Tucker LA. Physical activity and telomere length in US men and women: An NHANES investigation. Preventive medicine. 2017 Jul 1;100:145-51.
  8. ↑ Grazioli E, Dimauro I, Mercatelli N, Wang G, Pitsiladis Y, Di Luigi L, Caporossi D. Physical activity in the prevention of human diseases: role of epigenetic modifications. BMC genomics. 2017 Nov;18(8):111-23.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Barrón-Cabrera E, Ramos-Lopez O, González-Becerra K, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Martínez-López E, Martínez JA. Epigenetic Modifications as Outcomes of Exercise Interventions Related to Specific Metabolic Alterations: A Systematic Review. Lifestyle genomics. 2019;12(1-6):25-44.
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