Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Difference between revisions
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Genetics<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18752885/ Fejzo MS, Ingles SA, Wilson M, Wang W, MacGibbon K, Romero R, Goodwin TM. High prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 Nov;141(1):13-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.003. Epub 2008 Aug 26. PMID: 18752885; PMCID: PMC2660884.]</ref> | Genetics<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18752885/ Fejzo MS, Ingles SA, Wilson M, Wang W, MacGibbon K, Romero R, Goodwin TM. High prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 Nov;141(1):13-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.003. Epub 2008 Aug 26. PMID: 18752885; PMCID: PMC2660884.]</ref> | ||
History of asthma/other respiratory tract infections | History of [[asthma]]/other respiratory tract infections | ||
Intake of saturated fat, no intake of ginger, inadequate intake of vitamin B<ref>[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0266054 Ashebir G, Nigussie H, Glagn M, Beyene K, Getie A (2022) Determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women attending health care service in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0266054. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266054]</ref> | Intake of saturated fat, no intake of ginger, inadequate intake of vitamin B<ref>[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0266054 Ashebir G, Nigussie H, Glagn M, Beyene K, Getie A (2022) Determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women attending health care service in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0266054. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266054]</ref> | ||
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* Endocrine and metabolic disorders | * Endocrine and metabolic disorders | ||
* Ovarian torsion | * Ovarian torsion | ||
* Migraines | * [[Migraine Headache|Migraines]] | ||
* Vestibular Disease | * Vestibular Disease | ||
* Eating disprders such as anorexia nervosa ,bulimia | * Eating disprders such as anorexia nervosa ,bulimia | ||
Revision as of 14:01, 31 May 2022
Original Editor - Rishika Babburu
Top Contributors - Rishika Babburu, Kim Jackson and Vidya Acharya
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Nausea and occasional vomiting are common in early pregnancy (NVP) . It affects 50%-80% of pregnant women during the first half of gestation.[1] When vomiting is severe or protracted, it is often referred to as hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). It is generally referred to as “morning sickness,” for many women symptoms persist over the whole day.HG may effect 0.3–2% of pregnancies and it is defined by dehydration, ketonuria, and more than 5% body weight loss.[2]
Aetiology[edit | edit source]
Genetics[3]
History of asthma/other respiratory tract infections
Intake of saturated fat, no intake of ginger, inadequate intake of vitamin B[4]
Clinical signs[edit | edit source]
- Symptoms may include a broad spectrum of severity ranging from occasional nausea to intractable vomiting.
- Nausea and vomiting begins in the first trimester around six to nine weeks’ gestation and settle by about 12 weeks.
- Few women have symptoms after 20 weeks of gestation.
Differential diagnosis[edit | edit source]
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
- Pancreatitis
- Pepticulcer disease
- Bowel Obstruction
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders
- Ovarian torsion
- Migraines
- Vestibular Disease
- Eating disprders such as anorexia nervosa ,bulimia
- Genitourinary and renal disorders are to name a few conditions in differential diagnosis.[5]
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Women who suffer from HG are often counselled on self limited course of symptoms and are advised to avoid foods, odours and activities that may trigger nausea or vomiting.Hospital admission is indicated when there is significant weight loss, electrolyte abnoramlities or persistant vomitings after rehydration .Symptoms may improve in a day or two following inpatient treatment.Antihistamines (H1 antagonists), including doxylamine is used in combination with pyridoxine, meclizine, dimenhydrinate, and diphenhydramine.They are to be administered strictly under medical supervision.[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ GadsbyR., Barnie-AdsheadA.M., JaggerC. A prospective study of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Br J Gen Pract. 1993; 43(371): 245–248.[1]
- ↑ Hod M, Orvieto R, Kaplan B, Friedman S, Ovadia J. Hyperemesis gravidarum. A review. The Journal of reproductive medicine. 1994 Aug 1;39(8):605-12.
- ↑ Fejzo MS, Ingles SA, Wilson M, Wang W, MacGibbon K, Romero R, Goodwin TM. High prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 Nov;141(1):13-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.003. Epub 2008 Aug 26. PMID: 18752885; PMCID: PMC2660884.
- ↑ Ashebir G, Nigussie H, Glagn M, Beyene K, Getie A (2022) Determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women attending health care service in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0266054. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266054
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037589/
- ↑ Hyperemesis Gravidarum - Obstetrics for Medical Students. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGdHimyPq2g
