Herpes Zoster: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Kaycee Stone (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
'''Original Editors '''- Heather Lindsey and Kaycee Stone [[Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems|from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] | '''Original Editors '''- Heather Lindsey and Kaycee Stone [[Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems|from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] | ||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Definition/Description == | == Definition/Description == | ||
Herpes Zoster, commonly called Shingles, is characterized by a painful rash with blisters.<ref name="PubMed Health">PubMed Health. Shingles: herpes zoster. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001861/ (accessed 4 March 2014).</ref> | Herpes Zoster, commonly called Shingles, is characterized by a painful rash with blisters.<ref name="PubMed Health">PubMed Health. Shingles: herpes zoster. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001861/ (accessed 4 March 2014).</ref> | ||
== Prevalence == | == Prevalence == | ||
Shingles will affect 1 in 3 people in the United States, with approximately 1 million cases each year.<ref name="CDC">Centers for Disease Control. Shingles (herpes zoster). http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/index.html (accessed 4 March 2014).</ref> Half of the people affected are over the age of 60.<ref name="CDC" /> | Shingles will affect 1 in 3 people in the United States, with approximately 1 million cases each year.<ref name="CDC">Centers for Disease Control. Shingles (herpes zoster). http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/index.html (accessed 4 March 2014).</ref> Half of the people affected are over the age of 60.<ref name="CDC" /> | ||
== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation<br> | == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation<br> == | ||
At first, there is only pain, tingling, or burning before a rash appears. This is generally on one side of the body. The rash appears as red areas, then blisters that break and form crusts. This rash usually lasts two to three weeks and often affects an area from the spine to the chest or abdomen, as well as the ears, face, or eyes.<ref name="PubMed Health" /><sup> </sup>The rash can be widespread, like chickenpox, in cases involving an immunocompromised patient.<ref name="CDC" /> Other assosciated symptoms include flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, malaise, headache, joint pain, and swollen glands.<ref name="PubMed Health" /> If the eye is affected, the virus can cause blindness.<ref name="CDC" /> | At first, there is only pain, tingling, or burning before a rash appears. This is generally on one side of the body. The rash appears as red areas, then blisters that break and form crusts. This rash usually lasts two to three weeks and often affects an area from the spine to the chest or abdomen, as well as the ears, face, or eyes.<ref name="PubMed Health" /><sup> </sup>The rash can be widespread, like chickenpox, in cases involving an immunocompromised patient.<ref name="CDC" /> Other assosciated symptoms include flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, malaise, headache, joint pain, and swollen glands.<ref name="PubMed Health" /> If the eye is affected, the virus can cause blindness.<ref name="CDC" /> | ||
== Associated Co-morbidities == | == Associated Co-morbidities == | ||
Immunocompromised people, like people undergoing treatment for cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, HIV, and patients on immunosuppressive drugs are at an increased risk of developing shingles.<ref name="CDC" /> Older adults are also at an increased risk for developing it.<ref name="CDC" /> | Immunocompromised people, like people undergoing treatment for cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, HIV, and patients on immunosuppressive drugs are at an increased risk of developing shingles.<ref name="CDC" /> Older adults are also at an increased risk for developing it.<ref name="CDC" /> | ||
== Medications == | == Medications == | ||
Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are antiviral medications that are commonly prescribed to treat shingles to shorten the duration and ease the severity of the outbreak. Pain medication may also be prescribed to help with the pain related to shingles.<ref name="CDC" /> Other medications that are used to treat shingles include steroids and anticonvulsants.<ref name="Medscape">Medscape. Herpes zoster treatment & management. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132465-treatment (accessed 13 Mar 2014).</ref> | Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are antiviral medications that are commonly prescribed to treat shingles to shorten the duration and ease the severity of the outbreak. Pain medication may also be prescribed to help with the pain related to shingles.<ref name="CDC" /> Other medications that are used to treat shingles include steroids and anticonvulsants.<ref name="Medscape">Medscape. Herpes zoster treatment &amp; management. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132465-treatment (accessed 13 Mar 2014).</ref> | ||
== Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values == | == Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values == | ||
The diagnosis is generally made based upon an examination of the skin and taking medical history. A skin sample may be taken to determine if the skin is infected by the varicella-zoster virus. Health care providers may run blood tests, which will not diagnose Herpes Zoster, but will show elevated white blood cells and antibodies to the virus that causes chicken pox.<ref name="PubMed Health" /> | The diagnosis is generally made based upon an examination of the skin and taking medical history. A skin sample may be taken to determine if the skin is infected by the varicella-zoster virus. Health care providers may run blood tests, which will not diagnose Herpes Zoster, but will show elevated white blood cells and antibodies to the virus that causes chicken pox.<ref name="PubMed Health" /> | ||
== Etiology/Causes == | == Etiology/Causes == | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
Shingles can be treated conservatively using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or wet dressings with 5% aluminum acetate. These dressings should be applied for 30-60 minutes and be done 4-6 times each day. Lotions such as calamine can also be used to help relieve symptoms.<ref name="Medscape" /> | Shingles can be treated conservatively using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or wet dressings with 5% aluminum acetate. These dressings should be applied for 30-60 minutes and be done 4-6 times each day. Lotions such as calamine can also be used to help relieve symptoms.<ref name="Medscape" /> | ||
The Varicella-zoster virus vaccine is used as a preventative measure for shingles.<ref name="Medscape" /> | The Varicella-zoster virus vaccine is used as a preventative measure for shingles.<ref name="Medscape" /> | ||
== Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence) == | == Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence) == | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
== Case Reports/ Case Studies == | == Case Reports/ Case Studies == | ||
add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the [[Template:Case Study|case study template]])<br> | add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the [[Template:Case Study|case study template]])<br> | ||
== Resources <br> | == Resources <br> == | ||
add appropriate resources here | add appropriate resources here | ||
| Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
see tutorial on [[Adding PubMed Feed|Adding PubMed Feed]] | see tutorial on [[Adding PubMed Feed|Adding PubMed Feed]] | ||
<div class="researchbox"> | <div class="researchbox"> | ||
<rss>addfeedhere|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10</rss> | <rss>addfeedhere|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10</rss> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Bellarmine_Student_Project]] | [[Category:Bellarmine_Student_Project]] | ||
Revision as of 17:30, 13 March 2014
Original Editors - Heather Lindsey and Kaycee Stone from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - Kaycee Stone, Heather Dixon, Lucinda hampton, Donald John Auson, Kim Jackson, Elaine Lonnemann, Wendy Walker, Evan Thomas, WikiSysop, Chelsea Mclene and Nupur Smit Shah
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Herpes Zoster, commonly called Shingles, is characterized by a painful rash with blisters.[1]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Shingles will affect 1 in 3 people in the United States, with approximately 1 million cases each year.[2] Half of the people affected are over the age of 60.[2]
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation
[edit | edit source]
At first, there is only pain, tingling, or burning before a rash appears. This is generally on one side of the body. The rash appears as red areas, then blisters that break and form crusts. This rash usually lasts two to three weeks and often affects an area from the spine to the chest or abdomen, as well as the ears, face, or eyes.[1] The rash can be widespread, like chickenpox, in cases involving an immunocompromised patient.[2] Other assosciated symptoms include flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, malaise, headache, joint pain, and swollen glands.[1] If the eye is affected, the virus can cause blindness.[2]
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
Immunocompromised people, like people undergoing treatment for cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, HIV, and patients on immunosuppressive drugs are at an increased risk of developing shingles.[2] Older adults are also at an increased risk for developing it.[2]
Medications[edit | edit source]
Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are antiviral medications that are commonly prescribed to treat shingles to shorten the duration and ease the severity of the outbreak. Pain medication may also be prescribed to help with the pain related to shingles.[2] Other medications that are used to treat shingles include steroids and anticonvulsants.[3]
Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis is generally made based upon an examination of the skin and taking medical history. A skin sample may be taken to determine if the skin is infected by the varicella-zoster virus. Health care providers may run blood tests, which will not diagnose Herpes Zoster, but will show elevated white blood cells and antibodies to the virus that causes chicken pox.[1]
Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
Herpes Zoster is caused by the dormant varicella zoster, also known as chickenpox, becoming active again, often years following the initial incidence of the infection.[1]
Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
add text here
Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
Shingles can be treated conservatively using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or wet dressings with 5% aluminum acetate. These dressings should be applied for 30-60 minutes and be done 4-6 times each day. Lotions such as calamine can also be used to help relieve symptoms.[3]
The Varicella-zoster virus vaccine is used as a preventative measure for shingles.[3]
Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
add text here
Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
add text here
Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
add text here
Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the case study template)
Resources
[edit | edit source]
add appropriate resources here
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
see tutorial on Adding PubMed Feed
Extension:RSS -- Error: Not a valid URL: addfeedhere|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 PubMed Health. Shingles: herpes zoster. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001861/ (accessed 4 March 2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Centers for Disease Control. Shingles (herpes zoster). http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/index.html (accessed 4 March 2014).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Medscape. Herpes zoster treatment & management. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132465-treatment (accessed 13 Mar 2014).
