Hereditary Hypertension: Difference between revisions

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[[Hypertension]] (HPT) is known to be a complex heterogeneous condition controlled by many [[Genetic Conditions and Inheritance|genes]]. HPT is a major public health burden that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, annually contributing to roughly 10 million deaths. Hereditary factors are thought to contribute to up to 50% of interindividual blood pressure variability<ref>Seidel E, Scholl UI. [https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org Genetic mechanisms of human hypertension and their implications for blood pressure physiology]. Physiological Genomics. 2017 Nov 1;49(11):630-52.Available:https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org (accessed 8.5.2024)</ref>.  
[[Hypertension]] (HPT) is known to be a complex heterogeneous condition controlled by many [[Genetic Conditions and Inheritance|genes]]. HPT is a major public health burden that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, annually contributing to roughly 10 million deaths. Hereditary factors are thought to contribute to up to 50% of interindividual blood pressure variability<ref>Seidel E, Scholl UI. [https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org Genetic mechanisms of human hypertension and their implications for blood pressure physiology]. Physiological Genomics. 2017 Nov 1;49(11):630-52.Available:https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org (accessed 8.5.2024)</ref>.  


The factors that regulate HPT have a strong genetic component, but the precise genes involved in HTN development are not well  known. The drug therapy available for HPT do not always prevent the occurrence of high BP.  
The factors that regulate HPT have a strong genetic component, but the precise genes involved in HPT development are not well  known. The drug therapy available for HPT do not always prevent the occurrence of high BP.  


* 18 genotype/phenotype groups have been found to be linked nearly 1/2 of the primary HPT populations, giving a pathway to discover treatment/prevention better individual primary HPT treatments.<ref>Manosroi W, Williams GH. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936319/ Genetics of human primary hypertension: focus on hormonal mechanisms]. Endocrine reviews. 2019 Jun;40(3):825-56.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936319/ (7.5.2024)</ref>  
* 18 genotype/phenotype groups have been found to be linked nearly 1/2 of the primary HPT populations, giving a pathway to discover treatment/prevention better individual primary HPT treatments.<ref>Manosroi W, Williams GH. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936319/ Genetics of human primary hypertension: focus on hormonal mechanisms]. Endocrine reviews. 2019 Jun;40(3):825-56.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936319/ (7.5.2024)</ref>  

Latest revision as of 03:18, 8 May 2024

Original Editor - Lucinda hampton

Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Hypertension (HPT) is known to be a complex heterogeneous condition controlled by many genes. HPT is a major public health burden that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, annually contributing to roughly 10 million deaths. Hereditary factors are thought to contribute to up to 50% of interindividual blood pressure variability[1].

The factors that regulate HPT have a strong genetic component, but the precise genes involved in HPT development are not well known. The drug therapy available for HPT do not always prevent the occurrence of high BP.

  • 18 genotype/phenotype groups have been found to be linked nearly 1/2 of the primary HPT populations, giving a pathway to discover treatment/prevention better individual primary HPT treatments.[2]
  • Novel drug treatment approaches are needed that use this genetic approach and personalized medicine.[3]

Controlling Factors[edit | edit source]

HPT is controlled by complex, not well understood genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms, working through both heritable and environmental factors. The regulatory control mechanisms of HPT is regulated complicated molecular and pathophysiological systems, suggesting that genetic determinants and epigenetic factors control our gene regulation, expression, and function, which in turn influence our vulnerability to the development of HPT.

Genetic Risk Score (GRS)[edit | edit source]

A GRS can estimate the overall probability, or risk, a person has for developing an outcome of interest based on their genotypes. The score may account for the reported effect sizes for those alleles and can be normalized by adjusting for the total number of risk alleles and effect sizes evaluated. This is a great leap forward in HPT research.[4]

History of genome wide studies: HPT untreated increases the risk of major health complications for example coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Twenty years ago the first genome-wide association study for hypertension was initiated, and now over 1000 blood pressure (BP) loci have been found, which explain ∼6% of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)-based heritability. [SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among people, each one representing a difference in a single DNA building block]. These successes into HPT genes provide new pathological insights and possible drug discovery opportunities.[4]

Viewing[edit | edit source]

Watch this 2 minute video titled "Genetic Markers for Blood Pressure".

[5]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Seidel E, Scholl UI. Genetic mechanisms of human hypertension and their implications for blood pressure physiology. Physiological Genomics. 2017 Nov 1;49(11):630-52.Available:https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org (accessed 8.5.2024)
  2. ↑ Manosroi W, Williams GH. Genetics of human primary hypertension: focus on hormonal mechanisms. Endocrine reviews. 2019 Jun;40(3):825-56.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6936319/ (7.5.2024)
  3. ↑ Pandey KN. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating Blood Pressure and Kidney Dysfunction. Hypertension. 2024 Mar 28.Available:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22072 (accessed 7.5.2024)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Olczak KJ, Taylor‐Bateman V, Nicholls HL, Traylor M, Cabrera CP, Munroe PB. Hypertension genetics past, present and future applications. Journal of internal medicine. 2021 Dec;290(6):1130-52.Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joim.13352 (accessed 7.5.2024)
  5. ↑ NI Chest Heart and Stroke. Genetic Markers for High Blood Pressure. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0moC4yn9rE [last accessed 7.5.2024]
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