Aphasia: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
Aphasia can be broadly classified as either fluent or non-fluent. | Aphasia can be broadly classified as either fluent or non-fluent. | ||
# Fluent aphasia includes: | # Fluent aphasia includes: | ||
# | #* Broca's | ||
# | #* Transcortical motor | ||
# | #* Mixed transcortical | ||
#** | #* Global | ||
# Non-fluent aphasia types are: | |||
#** Wernicke's | |||
#** Transcortical sensory | |||
#** Conduction | |||
#** Anomic | |||
* Broca's aphasia. | * Broca's aphasia. | ||
Revision as of 17:48, 28 July 2021
Original Editor - Cindy John-Chu
Top Contributors - Cindy John-Chu, Niha Mulla, Shaimaa Eldib, Candace Goh, Rucha Gadgil, Chelsea Mclene, Pacifique Dusabeyezu and Kim Jackson
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Aphasia is a condition resulting from damage to areas of the brain responsible for language, which for most people is located in the left hemisphere of the brain[1]. The condition presents as an impairment to comprehension or formulation of language and is often caused by diseases and disorders affecting the brain, with cerebrovascular accident being the most common cause[2].
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
Areas of the brain responsible for language:
- Werncike area
- Broca area
- Arcuate fasciculus
The Wernicke area is located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for processing visua and auditory information. It is the center for comprehension and planning of words. Broca area on the other hand is located in the frontal lobe of the brain. It is responsible for motor execution of speech and sentence formation. While the arcuate fasciculus is the neural connection between both areas[3].
Causes of Aphasia[edit | edit source]
Aphasia can occur from a number of brain injuries such as:
- Stroke
- Traumatic brain injury
- Severe blows to the head
- Brain tumours
- Gunshot wounds
- Brain infections
- Progressive neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease[1], frontotemporal lobar degeneration
- Vascular dementia
Types of Aphasia[edit | edit source]
Aphasia can be broadly classified as either fluent or non-fluent.
- Fluent aphasia includes:
- Broca's
- Transcortical motor
- Mixed transcortical
- Global
- Non-fluent aphasia types are:
- Wernicke's
- Transcortical sensory
- Conduction
- Anomic
- Broca's aphasia.
- Occurs from damage to the temporal lobe
- Patients may understand what is being said them, know what response to give but may often reply with short phrases with so much effort.
- May become frustrated from their difficulty in communicating clearly
- May often present with right hemiparesis/hemiplegia as the frontal lobe is also important for motor movements.
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Occurs from damage to the temporal lobe
- Is characterised by patients composing and speaking long, complete sentences that have no meaning. They may even formulate new words to express theselves.
- They experience difficulty in understanding speech.
- These patients are often unaware of the speaking blunders.
- Global Aphasia
- May have trouble understanding simple words and sentences
- May be limited in their ability to speak and comprehend language.[1]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Aphasia. Available from: https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia (accessed 28 July, 2021)
- ↑ Le H, Lui MY. Aphasia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Jun 13.
- ↑ Ochfeld E, Newhart M, Molitoris J, Leigh R, Cloutman L, Davis C, Crinion J, Hillis AE. Ischemia in broca area is associated with broca aphasia more reliably in acute than in chronic stroke. Stroke. 2010 Feb 1;41(2):325-30.
