Spondylolysis
Original Editors
Lead Editors - Andrea Nees - Elien Vanderlinden - Heleen Van Cleynenbreugel - Els Van haver
Search Strategy[edit | edit source]
Search engines PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Pedro
Keywords Spondylolysis + Physiotherapy / Physical Therapy / Anatomy / Medical management / Diagnosis
Searches have been performed between 28/03/2012 and 20/05/2012
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Spondylolysis is a unilateral or bilateral bony defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebra. The term derives from the Greek words spondylos (vertebra) and lysis (defect). [1][2]
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
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Epidemiology /Etiology[edit | edit source]
Spondylolysis affects 3-6% of the population.[1][2][3] This condition appears in the first or second decades of life, the frequency of spondylolysis increases with age until 20 years.[4][5] There is no change in prevalence with increasing age from 20 to 80 years old. Men are affected two times more as women.
Spondylolysis occurs mostly at L5 (80-95%). There is increased prevalence in specific ethnic, sports and family groups. The young athletic population has a spondylolysis more frequently. There is an increased risk in gymnasts, football players, cricketers, swimmers, divers, weight lifters and wrestlers.
Spondylolysis is considered to be a stress fracture that results from mechanical stress at the pars interarticularis. These stress fractures occur due to repetitive load and stress, rather than being caused by a single traumatic event. The stress distributions at the pars interarticularis are the highest in extension and rotation movements. There is a possible genetic tendency for people with lower cortical bone density at the pars interarticularis.
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
- Disc Injuries: Disc Herniation
- Lumbosacral Discogenic Pain Syndrome
- Facet Joint Syndrome
- Acute Bony Injuries
- Sprain/Strain Injuries
- Spondylolisthesis
- Myofascial Pain in Athletes
- Sacroiliac Joint Injury
- Lumbar radiculopathy
- Osteoid osteoma
- Osteomyelitis
- Spinal stenosis
- Stress fracture
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Examination[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management
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Physical Therapy Management
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Key Research[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Clinical Bottom Line[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gunzburg R., Szpalski M., Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006, p. 21. (Level of evidence: D)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 MacAuley D., Best T., Evidence-based Sports Medicine, Blackwell Publishing, 2007, p. 282. (Level of evidence: D)
- ↑ Haun D.W., Kettner N.W., Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: a narrative review of etiology, diagnosis, and conservative management, J Chiropr Med 2005;4:206–217 (Level of evidence: A1)
- ↑ Aufderheide A.C., Rodriguez-Martin C., The Cambridge Encyclopedia Of Human Paleopathology, Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 63. (Level of evidence: D
- ↑ Fast A., Goldsher D., Navigating The Adult Spine, Demos Medical Publishing, 2007, p. 55. (Level of evidence: D)