Complications Post Burns
Original Editor - Name
Top Contributors - Naomi O'Reilly, Manisha Shrestha, Abdulazeez Arowolo, Jess Bell and Chelsea Mclene
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Systemic Complications[edit | edit source]
Burn Shock[edit | edit source]
Burn shock is a medical emergency that occurs when the body's tissues and organs are deprived of adequate oxygenated blood, which includes decreased cardiac output, increased vascular resistance, hypovolaemia and hypoperfusion that occur after severe burn injuries have been sustained.[1]
Multisystem Organ Dysfunction[edit | edit source]
Multisystem Organ Dysfunction, a progressive disorder that commonly occurs in acutely ill patients, exists in a continuum with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that affects most patients with severe burns, with or without an infection with increased risk seen with burn wounds >20 percent total body surface area, increasing age, male gender, sepsis, hypoperfusion, and under-resuscitation.
Orthopaedic Complications[edit | edit source]
Compartment Syndrome[edit | edit source]
Compartment Syndrome, common both following burns or crush injuries, is a condition in which there is increased pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment, resulting in impaired local circulation. Without prompt treatment, acute compartment syndrome can lead to ischemia and eventually, necrosis, often resulting in the need for amputation if not adequately managed.[2]
Skin Complications[edit | edit source]
Hypertrophic Scarring, Keloid Formation and Contractures are unfortunately quite common following burn injury, and occur more frequently within low resource, disaster and conflict settings where access to ongoing treatment may be impacted.
Respiratory Complications[edit | edit source]
Respiratory Complications, particularly those related to inhalation injury, as a result of direct cellular damage, alterations in regional blood circulation and perfusion, obstruction of the airways, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine and toxin release,[3][4] which may cause reduced functionality of mucociliary clearance and weakening of alveolar macrophages,[5] which places the patient at a high risk of bacterial infection, especially pneumonia.[6][7]
Infection[edit | edit source]
Burn Wound Infection and Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients, particularly within disaster and conflict settings.
Resources[edit | edit source]
Rehabilitation of Burns Casualties
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Schaefer TJ, Nunez Lopez O. Burn Resuscitation And Management. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- ↑ Torlincasi AM, Lopez RA, Waseem M. Acute compartment syndrome.2017 Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448124/(accessed 28.10.2021)
- ↑ Kadri SS, Miller AC, Hohmann S, Bonne S, Nielsen C, Wells C, Gruver C, Quraishi SA, Sun J, Cai R, Morris PE. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in smoke inhalation-associated acute lung injury: data from 68 United States hospitals. Chest. 2016 Dec 1;150(6):1260-8.
- ↑ Reper P, Heijmans W. High-frequency percussive ventilation and initial biomarker levels of lung injury in patients with minor burns after smoke inhalation injury. Burns. 2015; 41:65–70. [PubMed: 24986596]
- ↑ Al Ashry HS, Mansour G, Kalil AC, Walters RW, Vivekanandan R. Incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in burn patients with inhalation injury treated with high frequency percussive ventilation versus volume control ventilation: A systematic review. Burns. 2016 Sep 1;42(6):1193-200.
- ↑ Mlcak RP, Suman OE, Herndon DN. Respiratory management of inhalation injury. burns. 2007 Feb 1;33(1):2-13.
- ↑ Pruitt BA, McManus AT. The changing epidemiology of infection in burn patients. World journal of surgery. 1992 Jan 1;16(1):57-67.
