Premenstrual Syndrome
Definition[edit | edit source]
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms that start one or two week before the beginning of menstruation after ovulation period. The severity range from mild to sever that may hinder their work and ADL activities. And they start to resolve with the beginning of the menstruation as the hormones levels start to return to their levels. PMS symptoms may change throughout your life in severity and complain, depression, stress, or history with post partum depression are all contributing factors that may worsen your symptoms. PMS may get worse when women approach to menopause specially at the end of 30s or 40s and stop after menopause. If the woman has a history of seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, or allergies they will get worse during PMS period.
Cause of Premenstrual Syndrome[edit | edit source]
The definite cause for PMS still not fully understood and the most suggested is fluctuation in hormones levels during the menstruation cycle.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Physical symptoms:
- Abdominal bloating and cramping.
- Fatigue.
- Constipation
- Headache.
- Breast tenderness.
- Constipation or diarrhea.
- Change in appetite.
- Disturbance with sleeping ( sleeping more than usual or sleeping too little)
- Skin problems, acne.
- Gastrointestinal symptoms.
Emotional symptoms:
- Depression.
- Anxiety.
- Anger.
- Oversensitivity.
- Mood swing.
- Crying spells
- Less interest in sex.
- Insomnia.
- Poor concentration.
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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