Therapeutic Exercise Prescription: Epigenetic and Healthy Ageing
Original Editor - Tolulope Adeniji
Top Contributors - Tolulope Adeniji, Lucinda hampton and Kim Jackson
Overview[edit | edit source]
Ageing is a phyisological declines in body systems and it is complex and intra-individual process. The hallmarks of ageing is recently noted to include about nine cellullar and molecular characteristics including epigenetic alterations; genomic instability; telomeric attrition; loss of proteostasis; and deregulated nutrient sensing. Others are mitochondrial dysfunction; cellular senescence; stem cell exhaustion; and altered intercellular communication. Exercise therapy had been shown to improve all these nine domains.[1] Therefore prescribing exact amount of exercise that will give us desire effect in achieving health domain is essential.
Epigenetic field is promising in delivery of precise therapeutic exercise interventions that will bring about the outcome of interest. This field is define as the study of how regular exposures to environmental factors such as exercise, emotional stress and nutrition may improve how some certain gene is expressed or repressed.[2]And it is of interest that epigenome may be one of the means that exercise express its beneficial effects. Thus, healthy ageing may be achieved by understanding how much exercise that is enough to combat all marks of ageing .
Evidence on Epigenetic and Healthy Ageing[edit | edit source]
Exercise has gain interest in remediating many chronic conditions when prescribed but the same cannot be said in terms of epigenetic field and exercise prescription.[2]
Below are lists of current evidence on the field of epigenetic that may be beneficial in precise therapeutic exercise prescription to achieve healthy ageing[2]:
- Evidence is pointing to exercise induced DNA methylation an epigenetic changes and human longevity.
- Methylation level of 485,577 may represents DNA methylation age, which is a biomarker of epigenetic ageing.
- Low epigenetic age may suggests good chronological age.
- Exercise and good diet has been associated with low epigenetic age.
- 6 month endurance training, and even endurance exercise for 60 minutes of cycling, at around 70 percent VO2 max yields an epigenetic adaptation.[3]
- Barrès and colleagues noted that 35 minutes of high-intensity exercise of about 80 percent of maximal aerobic capacity suggests a good epigenetic adaptation.[4]
Future Direction on Epigenetic and Healthy Ageing[edit | edit source]
Of note[2]:
There is need for empirical studies on how low intensity exercise and epigenetic adaptations
Field of epigenetic will potentially benefits physiotherapy and others such as pharmacy are producing new medication based on new evidence on genomic data to replace dangerous medicine.
It is posited that Physiotherapy will use genome knowledge to prescribe precise exercise to individual genotype in the nearest future.
As knowledge advances about the genetic determinants of individual response to exercise, physical therapy exercise prescription will also capitalize on precision genomic information.
Of important:
“Physical therapy clinicians, as the health care team's experts in exercise dose prescription, will be at the forefront of research to uncover the optimal modes, intensities, and durations of exercise for preventing or reversing disease in patients with unfavorable epigenetic status.”
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, Espregueira-Mendes J. Aging hallmarks: the benefits of physical exercise. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2018 May 25;9:258.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Woelfel JR, Dudley-Javoroski S, Shields RK. Precision physical therapy: exercise, the epigenome, and the heritability of environmentally modified traits. Physical therapy. 2018 Nov 1;98(11):946-52.
- ↑ Rönn T, Volkov P, Davegårdh C, Dayeh T, Hall E, Olsson AH, Nilsson E, Tornberg Å, Dekker Nitert M, Eriksson KF, Jones HA. A six months exercise intervention influences the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in human adipose tissue. PLoS genetics. 2013 Jun 27;9(6):e1003572.
- ↑ Barres R, Yan J, Egan B, Treebak JT, Rasmussen M, Fritz T, Caidahl K, Krook A, O'Gorman DJ, Zierath JR. Acute exercise remodels promoter methylation in human skeletal muscle. Cell metabolism. 2012 Mar 7;15(3):405-11.
