Synovium & Synovial Fluid
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Original Editor - Lucinda hampton
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson and Kirenga Bamurange Liliane
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Synovium (also called the synovial membrane) is a specialized connective soft-tissue membrane that lines the inner surface of synovial joint capsules. Together with bone, articular cartilage, tendon, ligament, and fibrous capsule, it is an important component of the tissues that form an integrated joint. As such, it not only has its own specific functions but also interacts with other tissues in the joint both structurally and functionally[1].
Synovial fluid lubricates articular cartilage and provides nourishment through diffusion. It made from a ultrafiltrate of blood plasma, produced and regulated by the synovium.[2]
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The synovial membrane consists of an
Intimal layer:
- Well innervated and vascularised containing different types of cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, nerve fibres, vascular endothelial cells as well as lymphocytes.
- Features two types of synoviocytes: type A - derived from macrophages; non-fixed cells with antigen presenting ability located in superficial layer; important in phagocytosis and fibroblastic. Type B cells - fibroblast like cells; rich rough endoplasmic reticulum and dendritic processes that reach out to the joint surface; located at various depths, frequently in deeper layer; produce synovial fluid[2].
Subintima layer
- Thicker layer of loose connective tissue which contains fewer cells and is composed of fatty, fibrous or loose areolar tissue[3].
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Resources[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Musculoskeletal Key Synovium Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/synovium-and-joint-biology/(accessed 18.6.2021)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Orthobullets Synovium Available from:https://www.orthobullets.com/basic-science/9018/synovium-and-synovial-fluid (accessed 18.6.2021)
- ↑ Radiopedia Synovium Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/synovium?lang=gb (accessed 18.6.2021)
