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...ignificance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries]. spine. 1983 Nov 1;8(8):817-31.</ref> ...ma focused on the middle column was sufficient to cause instability in the spine. The instability was further categorized into three types:

...ruk et al. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of cervical osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Rheumato ...joints: analysis of the management of 108 cases, journal of neurosurgery: spine, Jun 2010 / Vol. 12 / No. 6 / Pages 592-601 (level of evidence 2B)</ref><re

...tlanto-occipital joint|atlanto-occipital]] and [[Atlanto-axial joint|upper cervical joints]] and perceived in one or more regions of the head and/or face.<ref ...headache type that is hypothesized to originate due to nociception in the cervical area. <ref name="IHS">Headache Classification Subcommittee of the Internati

When assessing the strength of the cervical spine and upper limb muscles, clinicians should consider various factors that can ...isorder, is linked to a heightened risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality<ref>Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J,

...e [[Facet Joints|facet joints]] (also termed zygapophyseal joints) of the spine become a source of [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]. * 55% of facet syndrome cases occur in [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]], and 31% in [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar]].<ref name="p4">Varlotta

...is. <ref name=":1">Binder AI. [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39127.608299.80 Cervical spondylosis and neck pain.] BMJ. 2007 Mar 8;334(7592):527-31.</ref> Common ...neck pain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinal study.] Eur Spine J. 2009 Oct;18(10):1532-40.</ref>

...rare, benign osteoblastic (bone) tumor that most commonly develops in the spine, sacrum, long bones, and flat bones. Benign tumors do not spread to various *Scoliosis of the spine<ref name="p1" /><ref name="p2" /><ref name="p3" />

...orrelation between postural dysfunction of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] and TMD. There are numerous other conditions that can cause [[Pain Mechan ==== '''2. Cervical Postural Disorders ''' ====

* Non-healing fractures<ref name=":0" /> * Always examine the spine (referred pain commonly goes undiagnosed)<ref name=":0" />

*upper thoracic spine mobility stretch ** decreased cervical lordosis

...nt. The doctor recommended routine labs and had had x-rays done showing no fractures. The lab values (CBC, CMP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were all normal. Objective: <br>Body pain diagram: pain noted cervical spine, bilateral shoulders, low back, bilateral hips, bilateral knees<br>VAS: 8/1

..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja ...il 20 years.<ref name="Elien 4">Fast A., Goldsher D., Navigating The Adult Spine, Demos Medical Publishing, 2007, p. 55.</ref> There is, however, no change

...ysiother. 2021 Mar 15;11(1):7. </ref> and it is the most common issue that spine surgeons evaluate.<ref name=":1">Berry JA, Elia C, Saini HS, Miulli DE. A r * trauma: fractures

...sy]) and prolonged elbow flexion. It can also occur from trauma, swelling, fractures, and vascular and bony pathologies/abnormalities. ...unknown; however ulnar neuropathy has been documented after distal humeral fractures and in up to 10% of elbow dislocations, and may also develop from any compl

...es of the Neck Prior to Musculoskeletal Intervention: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2023; 53(1) : == Anatomy of Cervical Spine ==

...BE. [https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-lookup/doi/10.2522/ptj.20060272 Cervical dystonia: disease profile and clinical management]. Phys Ther 2007;87(11):1 ...name="Camargo">Camargo C, Teive H, Becker N, Baran M, Scola R, Werneck L. Cervical dystonia: clinical and therapeutic features in 85 patients. Arq Neuropsiqui

...ft tissues where adjacent spinous processes in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] rub against each other.<ref name=":4">Radiopedia. Basstrup Syndrome. Avai ...Baastrup's disease as a cause of neurogenic claudication: a case report]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jul 15;28(14):E273-5.</ref>

The spinal column is comprised of 33 Vertebra; 7 [[Cervical Vertebrae]], 12 [[Thoracic Vertebrae]], 5 [[Lumbar Vertebrae]], 5 Fused Sac * Non-traumatic causes (16%) secondary to disease, infection and [[Congenital Spine Deformities|congenital]] defects.

...for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. European Spine Journal. 2010;19(12):2075-94.</ref> and neck pain,<ref>Childs, J.D., Clelan ...sociated with smoking, can also lead to increased mechanical stress on the spine&nbsp;

* clavicular (collarbone) injuries and [[Clavicular Fracture|fractures]] |[[Sternal fracture|Sternal fractures]]