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...erextension of the upper cervical vertebrae and forward translation of the cervical vertebrae.<ref name=":3">Koseki T, Kakizaki F, Hayashi S, Nishida N, Itoh M ...ning of the muscles of the back of the neck, as well as compression of the cervical vertebrae—the uppermost portion of the spine that supports the head and p

[[International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region]]<br> *Cervical anomalies

.../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542213/</ref>. It then penetrates the deep cervical fascia and superior to the occiput, it communicates with the GON and innerv ...<ref name=":4">''13.4 occipital neuralgia'' (2018) ''ICHD''. International Headache Society. Available at: [https://ichd-3.org/13-painful-cranial-neuropathies-

...broad, flat, superficial [[muscle]] extending from the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] to [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region on the posterior aspect of the ne ...e and [[scapula]], and to head [[balance]] through muscular control of the cervical spine.

...ents to physical therapy complaining of generalized mid-thoracic and upper cervical pain. Patient reports no recent falls or trauma. However, she is petite and ...use she starts to see bright spots on the screen prior to the onset of the headache. Often, the pain is so extreme that she must leave work early to go home an

...th various neck, arm and shoulder movements such as shoulder elevation and cervical side flexion. ...ry, Deborah Falla, James M. Elliott, Gwendolen Jull. Muscle Dysfunction in Cervical Spine Pain: Implications for Assessment and Management. Journal of Orthopae

...an also result in [[Spinal Stenosis|spinal stenosis]], neurologic deficit, cervical spinal deformity and instability. Patients can be polysyndromic in their pr Image 1: [[X-Rays|X-ray]] showing fused cervical vertebrae as seen in Klippel–Feil syndrome

Peg-like cerebellar tonsils are displaced into the upper cervical canal through the foramen magnum. Features similar to Chiari II but with an occipital and/or high cervical encephalocoele.

...ry/alternative therapies in the treatment of tension-type and cervicogenic headache. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 1999;7(3):142-155. doi:10.1016/s0965- ...Hs at some point in their lifetime<ref name=":4">Chowdhury D. Tension type headache. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ar

...assive Physiological Intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) and [[PAIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements]] (PAIVMs). A ...ist and, if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general

[[File:Cervical Spondylosis.jpg|right|frameless]] ...]] or anxiety.<ref name=":2">Nazari, G., Bobos, P, Billis E, MacDermid JC. Cervical flexor muscle training reduces pain, anxiety, and depression levels in pati

...tlanto-occipital joint|atlanto-occipital]] and [[Atlanto-axial joint|upper cervical joints]] and perceived in one or more regions of the head and/or face.<ref ...syndromes that are encountered daily. The main symptoms of a cervicogenic headache are a combination of unilateral pain, ipsilateral diffuse shoulder, and arm

...and tests). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine. ...mc/articles/PMC8639967/ Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for cervical spine (facet) joint pain from a multispecialty international working group]

...itchell; Changes in vertebral artery flow following normal rotation of the cervical spine; Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics; 347-351, 200 ...e<ref name="p2" /><ref name="p3" /><ref name="p5">Jeanette A. Mitchell; Is cervical spine rotation, as used in the standard vertebrobasilar insufficiency test,

[[File:Major-Branches-of-the-Cervical-Plexus.jpg|thumb|336x336px|Image 2: Origin of the phrenic nerve]] ...e 4th cervical nerve, but also receives contributions from the 3rd and 5th cervical nerves (C3-C5) in humans.<ref>Moore, Keith L. (1999). ''Clinically orient

...vicogenic headache]] (CGH) is caused primarily by dysfunction in the upper cervical spine. However, patients with CGH are also highly likely to have myofascial For more information on the role of the upper cervical spine, please click [https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_

...ted with signs during applications most are visible for example; blushing, headache, dizziness, jugular vein distension. special care should be taken when deal ...ref>Iyer S, Kim HJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4958381/ Cervical radiculopathy]. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2016 Sep;9(3):

Cervical arterial dysfunction (CAD) is an umbrella term used in manual therapy and p ..., Brew J. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119383 Manual therapy and cervical arterial dysfunction, directions for the future: a clinical perspective]. J

..."ICHD">The International Headache Society. International Classification of Headache Disorders II. Available from http://ihs-classification.org/en [last accesse ...f> section below. Diagnosis criteria for TTH is based on the International Headache Society classification. This is discussed further under the ‘Diagnostic P

** Severe or increasing headache *[[Cervical Examination|Cervical spine assessment]].