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...s motion in a particular direction.<ref>Cox R. Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine. Reference Reviews. 2007 Sep 25;21(7):50-.</ref> In essence, i ...limitations of the bony structure or connective tissues, such as [[Tendon Anatomy|tendons,]] [[Ligament|ligaments]] and the [[Capsule Constrained Mechanism|j

== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == [[File:Knee Anatomy.jpg|thumb|Knee anatomy]]

* '''Subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS)''' ...ture is considered by many to be one of the most common causes of shoulder pain.

...l signs and symptoms that are inconsistent or cannot be explained by known anatomy or physiology.<ref name=":1">American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic an '''Sensory:'''<br>• Altered touch or pain sensation (paresthesia or dysesthesia) <br>• Visual changes (double visio

...; 2023. p. 353–67.</ref>. Young athletes' most common reasons for low back pain differ from those found in adults. There is less degenerative disease and m * [[Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome|Sacroiliac joint pain]].

...mmon complications arising from an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) include pain from ischemia, thromboembolism, spontaneous dissection, and rupture of the ...oms are produced, they typically include deep, boring pain in the abdomen, pain and tenderness to palpation, and prominent pulsating mass (greater than 3-4

...of the Achilles tendon can be latently present, but the [[Pain Assessment|pain]] only appears when the tendon is overburdened. It is also noted that the a ...9 Jun 1;43(6):409-16.</ref>proposed a new strategy when approaching tendon pain, and this is called the [[Tendon Pathophysiology|Tendon Continuum]]. The co

...common pathologies such as [[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|patella femoral pain syndrome (PFPS)]], [[Plantarfasciitis|plantar fasciitis]], and [[Iliotibial ...running: implications for footwear design. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering 2012; 6:2: 118-128</ref>. Further research is needed to det

* [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] radiation therapy  ...ctal carcinoma are a lump in the breast and breast tenderness (not usually pain).

...are the vascular sources for the deltoid.<ref name=":1">Lam JH, Bordoni B. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Arm Abductor Muscles. [Updated 2020 Mar 31]. In: ...ratios in participants with subacromial impingement syndrome.  Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Volume 12, Issue 6, November 2009, Pages 603-608]

...laboration with the International Federation of Sports Medicine. Blackwell Science Ltd. 2003</ref>&nbsp; === Pain Management ===

== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == ...female youth participants in 12 sports, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2000: 10: 90-97. Level of evidence: 2A.</ref><ref name=":0">Majew

...se, which produces painful inflammation in cranial vessels and the [[Brain Anatomy|dura mater]]).<ref name="Merck Manual" /> ...or odors). Unilateral headache in a migraine often shifts sides, eg. with pain on the left going to the right and vice versa<ref>Sjaastad O, Fredriksen TA

...ar dyskinesis (Clifton-Smith & Rowley, 2011), low back pain (LBP) and neck pain have also been shown to exhibit faulty breathing mechanics. ...(Beeckmans et al, 2016) found a significant correlation between lower back pain and dysfunctional breathing including both pulmonary pathology and non-spec

..., Skinner JS. Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults.  Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise: Official Journal of the American College of Sports Me ...ection from injury in the elderly, as falling is strongly related to [[Hip Anatomy|hip]] weakness, poor [[balance]], and [[Postural Assessment Scale for Strok

...=The%20functions%20of%20the%20skin,%2C%20touch%2C%20and%20deep%20pressure. Anatomy, Skin (Integument).] StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Jul 10.</ref> ...e skin is innervated by sensory nerves expressing receptors that can sense pain (nociceptors), itch (pruriceptors), temperature (thermoreceptors), and touc

...s. J, 2012. [https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2012.42.4.A1 Low Back Pain Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of ...abs/10.1002/msc.1079 Physiotherapists' understanding of red flags for back pain.] Musculoskeletal care. 2015 Mar;13(1):42-50.</ref>

For anatomy of the brain see [[Brain Anatomy|here]] ...<ref name=":6">Kandel, ER, Schwartz, JH, and Jessell. Principles of neural science. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill;  2000. p 853.</ref>. Therefore patients wi

*Pain Management [[File:FG14 06b.jpg|thumb|'''Figure.1''' Nerve Anatomy]]

...tages.<ref name=":1">Stables D, Rankin J. Physiology in childbearing: With anatomy and related biosciences. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2010 Apr 19.</ref> ...n’s Health. 2004;49(6):489–504.</ref><ref>Samanta A, Beardsley J. Low back pain: which is the best way forward?. Bmj. 1999 Apr 24;318(7191):1122-3.</ref>