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...ey RA. Physiotherapy for enhanced recovery in thoracic surgery. Journal of Thoracic Disease [Internet]. 2016 Feb 1;8(Suppl 1):S107–10. / ...ng.<ref>Li WWL, Lee TW, Yim APC. Shoulder function after thoracic surgery. Thoracic Surgery Clinics. 2004 Aug;14(3):331–43.

.../science/article/abs/pii/S1547412707000072 The management of flail chest]. Thoracic surgery clinics. 2007 Feb 1;17(1):25-33.</ref>It can occur when 3 or more [ * [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic]] epidural

...n they happen in the upper part of the aorta, in the chest, it is called a thoracic aortic aneurysm. [[File:Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm.png|right|frameless|399x399px]]

It is innervated by the dorsal rami of the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves.<ref name=":1" />

...ue originally developed by Blanch that involves a synchronized movement of thoracic extension, [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] (GHJ) flexion, scapula * shoulder (glenohumeral joint and scapulo-thoracic joint) and thoracic spine flexibility. <ref name=":0" />

* 11th and 12th [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal [[Neurone|nerves]] (T7 to L3)<ref name="p3">Iliocostalis

...at cover the [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] in the lower [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and lumbar area before passing through these muscles to attach to the [[s ...lly manifests as tightness, [[spasticity]] and increased tone in the lower thoracic spine and lumbar spine / paraspinal regions causing severe [[Pain Behaviour

...rior scalene muscle,]] passes over the dome of the pleura and enters the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] posterior to the subclavian vein. The right and left phren ...al pleura and can be injured while dissecting near the area of an internal thoracic artery.

...bit visible lateral rib expansion and no visible superior migration of the thoracic cage.<ref name=":0" />

* The [[sternum]] is a flat bone, located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall. It consists of three segments; manubrium (uppermost part) * Patients with severe thoracic kyphosis, [[Osteoporosis disease|osteoporosis]], or osteopenia can develop

...ed [[bone]] placed on the postero-lateral aspect of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage. It has 2 surfaces, 3 borders, 3 angles and 3 processes<ref>The Skel ...rotate, while the clavicle must elevate, retract and posteriorly roll. The thoracic spine must extend. The muscle synergists for upward rotation are the upper

...w.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201303-0437ST An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction]. According to American Thoracic Society /European Respiratory Society guidelines, FEV1 maneuvers are record

== Thoracic Spine == === Thoracic Active ROM ===

...Bryan JM. Dysfunction, evaluation, and treatment of the cervical spine and thoracic inlet (1994). Donatelli R, Wooden MJ (Eds.), Orthopaedic Physical Therapy (

...03-520.pdf Etiology and management of spontaneous haemothorax]. Journal of thoracic disease. 2015 Mar;7(3):520.</ref> ...<ref>Lowdermilk GA, Naunheim KS. Thoracoscopic evaluation and treatment of thoracic trauma. Surg Clin North Am 2000;80: 1535e42.</ref> Patients who present wit

...nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531500/]</ref> Usually, the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves are injured either before or after they have joined to form the lowe ...ttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2014/248163/abs/ Understanding thoracic outlet syndrome.] Scientifica. 2014 Jul 20;2014.</ref>.

Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7&nbsp; | rowspan="2" align="center" width="25%" | Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7

...ed by the compression of neurovascular structures as they pass through the thoracic outlet, leading to a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild pain to limb-th ...nor RJ, Brasher PM, Travlos A. Botulinum toxin injection for management of thoracic outlet syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pain. 2011 S

...nsists of the surrounding bony structures ([[Ribs|rib]] cage, cervical and thoracic spine, upper pelvic area) as well as the [[Muscles of Respiration|muscles o ...ally ventilated patients without pneumonia—a narrative review.] Journal of thoracic disease. 2017;9(1): E44. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.32  </ref>  

...ht [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spinal nerve pairs, 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] pairs , five [[lumbar]] pairs, five [[Sacrum|sacral]] pairs, and one cocc