Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
== Etiology/Causes == | == Etiology/Causes == | ||
<br>There are many things that can cause a Vitamin B12 deficiency:<br>Lack of Intrinsic Factor:<br>A lack of intrinsic factor (IF) may cause a vitamin B12 deficiency. This is an essential protein in the small intestine that allows Vitamin B12 to be absorbed. Decreased production of IF can occur during middle age, leaving many elderly adults at risk. Atrophic gastritis can lead to decreased IF production. This is caused by aging, iron or folate deficiency, autoimmune disorders, endocrine disorders or infections. <ref name="Goodman">Goodman CC, Fuller KS, Boissonnault WG. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist.2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier;2003</ref><ref name="Pernicius Anemia" /> | |||
<br>Malabsorption in the Small Intestine<br>There are several reasons why the Small intestine may not be able to absorb Vitamin B12:<br>The small intestine can have too much bacteria in it. The bacteria will take up space and not allow Vitamin B12 to be absorbed. <br>Certain diseases of the small intestine may decrease absorption of Vitamin B12 such as celiac disease, Chron’s disease, and HIV. <br>Surgery to the small intestine may interfere with absorption of Vitamin B12.<br>A tape worm in the small intestines would cause a decrease in absorption of Vitamin B12 into the body.<ref name="Pernicious Anemia">Pernicious Anemia [Internet]. [Place Unknown]: Nation Institutes of Health;2009 [cited 2014 March 21]. Available at:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/prnanmia/.</ref> | |||
<br>Diet Lacking Vitamin B12<br>Many people can develop Vitamin B12 deficiencies by not eating enough foods that contain B12. <ref name="Pernicious Anemia" /> <br> | |||
== Systemic Involvement == | == Systemic Involvement == |
Revision as of 13:49, 25 March 2014
Original Editors - Aneta Petri & Katie Wilson from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - Aneta Petri, Kathrine Wilson, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson, Elaine Lonnemann, Vidya Acharya, Wendy Walker, WikiSysop, Lauren Lopez, Ahmed M Diab and 127.0.0.1
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
add text here
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
add text here
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
add text here
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
add text here
Medications[edit | edit source]
There are several different medications that can affect the absorption of vitamin B12. There is not sufficient or there is conflicting evidence that suggests these medcations might affect the asorption of Vitamin B12. Patients that use these medications should keep tract of their Vitamin B12 levels. Medications that can interfere with the absorption of Vitamin B12 include:
-Chloramphenicol (antibiotic) May interfere with the RBC response to Vit. B12
-Proton Pump Inhibitors (Prilosec) These medications slow down the absorption of Vit. B12. They do this because they slowly release acid into the stomach.
-H2 Receptor Antagonist (Pepcid, Zantac) These medications slow down the absorbtion of Vit. B12 by releasing hydrochloric acid into the stomach.
-Metformin (Hypoglycemic used for diabetes) May alter the mobility and bacteria in the intestines, or may alter the intrinsic factor needed to absorb Vit. B12.[1]
Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
add text here
Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
There are many things that can cause a Vitamin B12 deficiency:
Lack of Intrinsic Factor:
A lack of intrinsic factor (IF) may cause a vitamin B12 deficiency. This is an essential protein in the small intestine that allows Vitamin B12 to be absorbed. Decreased production of IF can occur during middle age, leaving many elderly adults at risk. Atrophic gastritis can lead to decreased IF production. This is caused by aging, iron or folate deficiency, autoimmune disorders, endocrine disorders or infections. [2][3]
Malabsorption in the Small Intestine
There are several reasons why the Small intestine may not be able to absorb Vitamin B12:
The small intestine can have too much bacteria in it. The bacteria will take up space and not allow Vitamin B12 to be absorbed.
Certain diseases of the small intestine may decrease absorption of Vitamin B12 such as celiac disease, Chron’s disease, and HIV.
Surgery to the small intestine may interfere with absorption of Vitamin B12.
A tape worm in the small intestines would cause a decrease in absorption of Vitamin B12 into the body.[4]
Diet Lacking Vitamin B12
Many people can develop Vitamin B12 deficiencies by not eating enough foods that contain B12. [4]
Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
add text here
Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
add text here
Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
add text here
Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
add text here
Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
add text here
Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the case study template)
Resources
[edit | edit source]
add appropriate resources here
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
see tutorial on Adding PubMed Feed
Extension:RSS -- Error: Not a valid URL: addfeedhere|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10
References[edit | edit source]
see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ Vitamin B12 [Internet]. [Place Unknown]: National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Suppliments;2009 [cited 2014 March 23]. Available at http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#h5.
- ↑ Goodman CC, Fuller KS, Boissonnault WG. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist.2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier;2003
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedPernicius Anemia
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pernicious Anemia [Internet]. [Place Unknown]: Nation Institutes of Health;2009 [cited 2014 March 21]. Available at:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/prnanmia/.