Wilms Tumor: Difference between revisions
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== Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == | == Characteristics/Clinical Presentation == | ||
Wilms’ tumor is often hard to find early because the tumor can grow large without any signs or symptoms. These children may look and act normally.<sup>3 </sup>The most common first clinical sign is swelling or a hard mass in the abdomen. It is often firm and large enough to be palpated on both sides of the abdomen, and is usually not painful.<sup>3 </sup><br>Some children may also experience:<sup>2,3<br></sup>-Fever<br>-Loss of appetite<br>-Shortness of breath<br>-Constipation<br>-Nausea<br>-Blood in the urine<br>-Abdominal pain<br>Wilms’ tumors may also cause high blood pressure. The blood pressure can get high enough to cause bleeding in the eye or a change in consciousness in rare cases.<sup>3<br></sup><br> | Wilms’ tumor is often hard to find early because the tumor can grow large without any signs or symptoms. These children may look and act normally.<sup>3 </sup>The most common first clinical sign is swelling or a hard mass in the abdomen. It is often firm and large enough to be palpated on both sides of the abdomen, and is usually not painful.<sup>3 </sup><br>Some children may also experience:<sup>2,3<br></sup>-Fever<br>-Loss of appetite<br>-Shortness of breath<br>-Constipation<br>-Nausea<br>-Blood in the urine<br>-Abdominal pain<br>Wilms’ tumors may also cause high blood pressure. The blood pressure can get high enough to cause bleeding in the eye or a change in consciousness in rare cases.<sup>3</sup> | ||
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== Associated Co-morbidities == | == Associated Co-morbidities == |
Revision as of 17:57, 24 March 2014
Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - Rachel Flaherty, Ali Hafele, Lucinda hampton, Oyemi Sillo, Uchechukwu Chukwuemeka, WikiSysop, Kim Jackson, Elaine Lonnemann, Vidya Acharya and 127.0.0.1 Rachel Flaherty and Allison Hafele
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Wilms’ Tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a solid tumor of the kidney that develops from immature kidney cells.1 It is the most common cancer of the kidneys in children, and the fourth most common type of cancer in children.1,2 Wilms’ tumors are most often unilateral, affecting only one kidney.3 5-10% of children with Wilms’ tumors have more than one tumor in the same kidney, and approximately 5% of children with the cancer have bilateral Wilms’ tumors, affecting both kidneys.3
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Wilms’ tumor is most common in children ages 3 to 4 and becomes much less common after the age of 5.2 Wilms’ tumor affects boys are girls equally, and can also be found in adults, though it is very rare.1 On average, there are 460 new cases of Wilms’ tumor diagnosed in the United States every year. Approximately 1 in 8,000-10,000 children are affected.1 About 5% of all cancers in children are Wilms’ tumors.3
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Wilms’ tumor is often hard to find early because the tumor can grow large without any signs or symptoms. These children may look and act normally.3 The most common first clinical sign is swelling or a hard mass in the abdomen. It is often firm and large enough to be palpated on both sides of the abdomen, and is usually not painful.3
Some children may also experience:2,3
-Fever
-Loss of appetite
-Shortness of breath
-Constipation
-Nausea
-Blood in the urine
-Abdominal pain
Wilms’ tumors may also cause high blood pressure. The blood pressure can get high enough to cause bleeding in the eye or a change in consciousness in rare cases.3
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
Wilms’ tumor is typically seen in otherwise healthy children, and the exact cause in most children is unknown.4,5 However, approximately 10% of patients with the tumor have a congenital anomaly, including certain birth defect syndromes and genetic changes.5 Wilms’ tumor, whether hereditary or sporadic, shows evidence of changes in one or more of at least ten different genes.4
Common syndromes that are associated with Wilms’ tumor include the following:
WAGR Syndrome: WAGR stands for Wilms tumor, Aniridia (lack of the iris of the eyes), Genitourinary tract abnormalities, and mental retardation. Children who have WAGR syndrome have approximately 30-50% chance of developing a Wilms’ tumor, and often have them bilaterally. In this syndrome, cells are missing part of chromosome 11, which involves the WT1 gene.3,6
Beckwith-Wiedemann sydrome: These children are at a 5% risk of having a Wilms’ tumor. This syndrome is caused by a malformation of chromosome 11.3
Denys-Drash Syndrome: This syndrome is also caused by mutations to the WT1 gene. The risk for Wilms’ tumor in these patients is greater than 90%.6
Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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