Neutropenia: Difference between revisions
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* <span class="s2"></span>Congenital neutropenia | * <span class="s2"></span>Congenital neutropenia | ||
* <span class="s2"></span>Infection | * <span class="s2"></span>Infection | ||
* <span class="s2"></span> | * <span class="s2"></span>Medicine, including [[Chemotherapy Side Effects and Syndromes|Chemotherapy]] | ||
* <span class="s2"></span>Autoimmune response | * <span class="s2"></span>Autoimmune response | ||
* <span class="s2"></span>Malignancy | * <span class="s2"></span>Malignancy | ||
< | * <span class="s2"></span>Dietary deficiencies | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
Neutropenia itself is asymptomatic until an infection develops, whereby [[fever]] is the primary symptom<ref>M. Territo. [https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/leukopenias/neutropenia Neutropenia]. MSD Manual Professional Edition. 2021</ref>. Usual signs of inflammation and infection can occur but may be reduced in neutropenic patients, due to the reduced immune response<ref name=":1">A. Urabe, [https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/39/Supplement_1/S53/401452 Clinical Features of the Neutropenic Host: Definitions and Initial Evaluation], Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 39, Issue Supplement_1, July 2004, Pages S53–S55, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1086/383055</nowiki> </ref>. | Neutropenia itself is asymptomatic until an infection develops, whereby [[fever]] is the primary symptom<ref name=":2">M. Territo. [https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/leukopenias/neutropenia Neutropenia]. MSD Manual Professional Edition. 2021</ref>. Usual signs of inflammation and infection can occur but may be reduced in neutropenic patients, due to the reduced immune response<ref name=":1">A. Urabe, [https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/39/Supplement_1/S53/401452 Clinical Features of the Neutropenic Host: Definitions and Initial Evaluation], Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 39, Issue Supplement_1, July 2004, Pages S53–S55, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1086/383055</nowiki> </ref>. | ||
== Diagnostic Procedures == | == Diagnostic Procedures == | ||
* Subjective history | * Subjective assessment to get full medical history<ref>Dale DC. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26554885/ How I diagnose and treat neutropenia]. Curr Opin Hematol. 2016 Jan;23(1):1-4. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000208. PMID: 26554885; PMCID: PMC4668211.</ref>. | ||
* Physical examination | * Physical examination for focal symptoms<ref name=":2" />. | ||
* Full blood count including creatinine and CRP<ref name=":1" />. | * Full blood count including creatinine and CRP<ref name=":1" />. | ||
* Chest radiography for patients with respiratory symptoms<ref name=":1" />. | * Chest radiography for patients with respiratory symptoms<ref name=":1" />. | ||
* Bacteria and fungi cultures<ref name=":1" />. | |||
== Management / Intervention == | |||
== Management / | |||
add text here relating to management approaches to the condition<br> | add text here relating to management approaches to the condition<br> | ||
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Neutropenia is a low level of neutrophils in the blood[1]. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, that support the immune system to fight injection by ingesting and killing invading microorganisms[2]. Neutropenia is defined as less than 1500 neutrophils per micro-litre of blood. It can be classed as mild (1000 to 1500 neutrophils per micro-litre), moderate (500 to 1000 neutrophils per micro-litre) or severe (less than 500 neutrophils per micro-litre)[3]. Neutropenia leads to an increased risk of infection and this risk is directly correlated with how long a patient has been neutropenic and how severe the neutropenia is. [3].
Aetiology[edit | edit source]
Neutropenia can develop due to a wide range of one or more causes[4].
Neutropenia can be caused by[5]:
- Congenital neutropenia
- Infection
- Medicine, including Chemotherapy
- Autoimmune response
- Malignancy
- Dietary deficiencies
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Neutropenia itself is asymptomatic until an infection develops, whereby fever is the primary symptom[6]. Usual signs of inflammation and infection can occur but may be reduced in neutropenic patients, due to the reduced immune response[7].
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
- Subjective assessment to get full medical history[8].
- Physical examination for focal symptoms[6].
- Full blood count including creatinine and CRP[7].
- Chest radiography for patients with respiratory symptoms[7].
- Bacteria and fungi cultures[7].
Management / Intervention[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to management approaches to the condition
Differential Diagnosis
[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition
Resources
[edit | edit source]
add appropriate resources here
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Copeland et al. Assessment of Neutropenia. BMJ. 2021
- ↑ Justiz Vaillant AA, Zito PM. Neutropenia. 2021 Nov 15. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29939524.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schwartzberg LS. Neutropenia: etiology and pathogenesis. Clin Cornerstone. 2006;8 Suppl 5:S5-11. doi: 10.1016/s1098-3597(06)80053-0. PMID: 17379162.
- ↑ Frater JL. How I investigate neutropenia. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020 Jun;42 Suppl 1:121-132. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13210. PMID: 32543073
- ↑ Christopher Gibson, Nancy Berliner; How we evaluate and treat neutropenia in adults. Blood 2014; 124 (8): 1251–1258. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-02-482612
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 M. Territo. Neutropenia. MSD Manual Professional Edition. 2021
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 A. Urabe, Clinical Features of the Neutropenic Host: Definitions and Initial Evaluation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 39, Issue Supplement_1, July 2004, Pages S53–S55, https://doi.org/10.1086/383055
- ↑ Dale DC. How I diagnose and treat neutropenia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2016 Jan;23(1):1-4. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000208. PMID: 26554885; PMCID: PMC4668211.
