Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs: Difference between revisions
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Numerous ergogenic aids that claim to enhance sports performance are used by amateur and professional athletes. Approximately 50 percent of the general population have reported taking some form of dietary supplements, while 76 to 100 percent of athletes in some sports are reported to use them. | Numerous ergogenic aids that claim to enhance sports performance are used by amateur and professional athletes. Approximately 50 percent of the general population have reported taking some form of dietary supplements, while 76 to 100 percent of athletes in some sports are reported to use them. | ||
PEDs are pharmacologic agents that athletes and nonathlete weightlifters use to enhance performance <ref>Pope Jr HG, Wood RI, Rogol A, Nyberg F, Bowers L, Bhasin S. Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocrine reviews. 2014 Jun 1;35(3):341-75. | |||
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Physicians can evaluate these products by examining four factors (method of action, available research, adverse effects, legality) that will help them counsel patients. | Physicians can evaluate these products by examining four factors (method of action, available research, adverse effects, legality) that will help them counsel patients. |
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Numerous ergogenic aids that claim to enhance sports performance are used by amateur and professional athletes. Approximately 50 percent of the general population have reported taking some form of dietary supplements, while 76 to 100 percent of athletes in some sports are reported to use them.
PEDs are pharmacologic agents that athletes and nonathlete weightlifters use to enhance performance [1]
Physicians can evaluate these products by examining four factors (method of action, available research, adverse effects, legality) that will help them counsel patients.
Common ergogenic aids include
- Anabolic steroids, which increase muscle mass. These illegal supplements are associated with a number of serious adverse effects, some irreversible.
- Creatine modestly improves athletic performance and appears to be relatively safe.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione do not improve athletic performance but apparently have similar adverse effects as testosterone and are also banned by some sports organizations.
- Caffeine has mild benefits and side effects and is banned above certain levels. Products that combine caffeine with other stimulants (e.g., ephedrine) have been linked to fatal events.
- Protein and carbohydrate supplementation provides modest benefits with no major adverse effects[2].
Below there are additional links to pages (see also those above) regarding the influence certain drugs and performance enhancers can have on an individual and the exercise process.[3]
- The influence of human growth hormone (HGH) on physiologic processes and exercise
- The influence of anabolic steroids on physiologic processes and exercise
- The influence of alcohol on physiologic processes and exercise
- The influence of methampetamine on physiologic processes and exercise
- The Influence of NSAIDs on Physiologic Processes and Exercise
- The influence of smoking on physiologic processes and exercise
- The influence of analgesic medication on physiologic processes and exercise
- The influence of marijuana on physiologic processes and exercise
- The influence of ADHD medication on physiologic processes and exercise
- The influence of muscle relaxers on physiologic processes and exercise
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Pope Jr HG, Wood RI, Rogol A, Nyberg F, Bowers L, Bhasin S. Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocrine reviews. 2014 Jun 1;35(3):341-75.
- ↑ Ahrendt DM. Ergogenic aids: counseling the athlete. American Family Physician. 2001 Mar 1;63(5):913.
- ↑ Burke LM, Castell LM, Stear SJ. BJSM reviews: A–Z of supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 1.