Hernia: Difference between revisions
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A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue called fascia. | A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue called fascia. | ||
The most common types of hernia are: | The most common types of hernia are<ref>wdmed [https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-hernia-basics Hernias the basics] Available from:https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-hernia-basics (last accessed 21.5.2020)</ref>: | ||
* [[Inguinal Hernia|Inguinal]] (inner groin) see R image | * [[Inguinal Hernia|Inguinal]] (inner groin) see R image | ||
* Incisional (resulting from an incision) | * Incisional (resulting from an incision) |
Revision as of 08:17, 21 May 2020
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue called fascia.
The most common types of hernia are[1]:
- Inguinal (inner groin) see R image
- Incisional (resulting from an incision)
- Femoral (outer groin)
- Umbilical (belly button) see image R second down.
- Hiatal (upper stomach).
Causes[edit | edit source]
All hernias are caused by a combination of pressure and an opening/weakness of muscle or fascia; the pressure pushes an organ or tissue through the opening or weak spot. Sometimes the muscle weakness is present at birth; more often, it occurs later in life.
Anything that causes an increase in pressure in the abdomen can cause a hernia, including:
- Lifting heavy objects without stabilizing the abdominal muscles
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Persistent coughing or sneezing
- Obesity, poor nutrition, and smoking (all weaken muscles and make hernias more likely).
Types[edit | edit source]
- Inguinal hernia - the intestine or the bladder protrudes through the abdominal wall or into the inguinal canal in the groin.
- About 96% of all groin hernias are inguinal, and most occur in men because of a natural weakness in this area.
2. Incisional hernia - the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall at the site of previous abdominal surgery.
- This type is most common in elderly or overweight people who are inactive after abdominal surgery.
3. Femoral hernia - occurs when the intestine enters the canal carrying the femoral artery into the upper thigh.
- Femoral hernias are most common in women, especially those who are pregnant or obese.
4. Umbilical hernia - part of the small intestine passes through the abdominal wall near the navel.
- Common in newborns, it also commonly afflicts obese women or those who have had many children.
5. Hiatal hernia - upper stomach squeezes through the hiatus, an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes.
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Examination[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management[edit | edit source]
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Key Research[edit | edit source]
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Resources[edit | edit source]
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Clinical Bottom Line[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ wdmed Hernias the basics Available from:https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-hernia-basics (last accessed 21.5.2020)