Nystagmus: Difference between revisions
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# Infantile nystagmus usually develops by three months of age. It is characterized by a horizontal movement and has correlations with conditions such as albinism, congenital iris absence, underdeveloped [[Optic Nerve|optic nerves]], or congenital cataract. Children age 6 months to 3 years can have a form of nystagmus known as spasmus nutans. This form usually improves without intervention between ages 2 through 8 years. Characteristically, children will often nod or tilt their heads with this type of nystagmus, and the eyes may move in any direction. | # Infantile nystagmus usually develops by three months of age. It is characterized by a horizontal movement and has correlations with conditions such as albinism, congenital iris absence, underdeveloped [[Optic Nerve|optic nerves]], or congenital cataract. Children age 6 months to 3 years can have a form of nystagmus known as spasmus nutans. This form usually improves without intervention between ages 2 through 8 years. Characteristically, children will often nod or tilt their heads with this type of nystagmus, and the eyes may move in any direction. | ||
# Acquired causes of nystagmus require exploration if the eye movements develop later in life<ref name=":1" />. | # Acquired causes of nystagmus require exploration if the eye movements develop later in life<ref name=":1" />. | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | |||
Symptoms include: | |||
* Oscillopsia, or the illusory sensation that the stationary visual world is moving (the major symptom experienced by patients with nystagmus). | |||
* When nystagmus is related to a problem involving the vestibular system in the inner ear or the brain, vertigo, dizziness or loss of balance are almost always present.<ref>John Hopkins [https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/nystagmus Nystagmus] Available:https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/nystagmus (accessed 5.9.2021)</ref> | |||
* Blurred vision - because the eyes are always moving, vision is blurred. | |||
* Abnormal head posture - some people find that their eye movements reduce in certain positions. They may move their head to maintain this position. This can result in neck and shoulder problems<ref name=":0" />. | |||
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Revision as of 02:42, 5 September 2021
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Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson, Alyssa Brooks-Wells and Uchechukwu Chukwuemeka
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Nystagmus refers to rapid involuntary movements that may cause one or both eyes to move from side to side, up and down or around in circles.[1] The nystagmus may be defined is by the type of movement observed.
- “jerk” nystagmus is slow in one direct and fast in the other
- “pendular” nystagmus is the same speed in both directions
- “rotary nystagmus” has the rotating on the Z-Axis[2]
These movements can reduce vision, affect depth perception, balance, and coordination[3]
Nystagmus itself cannot currently be cured, but some underlying conditions can be treated, especially childhood cataracts and strabismus and there are therapies for some neurological conditions[4].
Etiology[edit | edit source]
Nystagmus is caused by an abnormal function in the areas of the brain that control eye movements. Nystagmus may be either present at birth or develop later in life[1].
- Infantile nystagmus usually develops by three months of age. It is characterized by a horizontal movement and has correlations with conditions such as albinism, congenital iris absence, underdeveloped optic nerves, or congenital cataract. Children age 6 months to 3 years can have a form of nystagmus known as spasmus nutans. This form usually improves without intervention between ages 2 through 8 years. Characteristically, children will often nod or tilt their heads with this type of nystagmus, and the eyes may move in any direction.
- Acquired causes of nystagmus require exploration if the eye movements develop later in life[3].
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Symptoms include:
- Oscillopsia, or the illusory sensation that the stationary visual world is moving (the major symptom experienced by patients with nystagmus).
- When nystagmus is related to a problem involving the vestibular system in the inner ear or the brain, vertigo, dizziness or loss of balance are almost always present.[5]
- Blurred vision - because the eyes are always moving, vision is blurred.
- Abnormal head posture - some people find that their eye movements reduce in certain positions. They may move their head to maintain this position. This can result in neck and shoulder problems[1].
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Resources[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Vision Australia Nystagmus Available:https://www.visionaustralia.org/information/eye-conditions/nystagmus (accessed 5.9.2021)
- ↑ Vision rehab OT The Functional Effects of Nystagmus Available:https://visionrehabot.com/the-functional-effects-of-nystagmus/ (accessed 5.9.2021)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sekhon RK, Deibel JP. Nystagmus Types.2019 Available:https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/43058/ (accessed 5.9.2021)
- ↑ Nystagmus network Treatment Available:https://nystagmusnetwork.org/information/treatment/ (accessed 5.9.2021)
- ↑ John Hopkins Nystagmus Available:https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/nystagmus (accessed 5.9.2021)