Principles of Exercise Rehabilitation: Difference between revisions
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== Physical Stress Theory == | == Physical Stress Theory == | ||
According to Mueller and Maluf<ref>Mueller MJ, Maluf KS. Tissue adaptation to physical stress: a proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to guide physical therapist practice, education, and research. Physical therapy. 2002 Apr 1;82(4):383-403.</ref>, biological tissues adapt to changes in the levels of applied stress. Maintaining tissue tolerance is essential to prevent tissue atrophy, whereas overloading result in hypertrophy. Excessively high level of stresses lead to tissue injury and damage. The ''magnitude'', ''time'', and ''direction'' of stress application determine the overall level of exposure to physical stress. Injury may occur due to a high-magnitude stress applied for a brief period, a low-magnitude stress applied for a long duration, and a moderate-magnitude stress applied to the tissue many times. | According to Mueller and Maluf<ref>Mueller MJ, Maluf KS. Tissue adaptation to physical stress: a proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to guide physical therapist practice, education, and research. Physical therapy. 2002 Apr 1;82(4):383-403.</ref>, biological tissues adapt to changes in the levels of applied stress. Maintaining tissue tolerance is essential to prevent tissue atrophy, whereas overloading result in hypertrophy. Excessively high level of stresses lead to tissue injury and a potential permanent damage. The ''magnitude'', ''time'', and ''direction'' of stress application determine the overall level of exposure to physical stress. Injury may occur due to a high-magnitude stress applied for a brief period, a low-magnitude stress applied for a long duration, and a moderate-magnitude stress applied to the tissue many times. | ||
== Mechanotransduction Hypothesis == | |||
Refers to the conversion of mechanical loads on the cellular level, eventually resulting in structural changes. Increased bone thickness and width in response to mechanical loading is the classical example of this hypothesis. Regardless of the type of loading, torsional, compressive or tensile, the mechanical stimulus triggers a release of various chemicals, which in turn result in building up layers of tissue and improves load tolerance<ref>Khan KM, Scott A. Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British journal of sports medicine. 2009 Apr 1;43(4):247-52.</ref>. | |||
This hypothesis is aligned with a sub-principle of Wolff's law that tissues adapt to the specific applied loads. Exposure to compressive loads, for instance, will qualify the tissue to tolerate the same type of applied loads exclusively<ref>Frost HM. Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. The Angle Orthodontist. 1994 Jun;64(3):175-88.</ref>. | |||
== References == | |||
Revision as of 19:16, 24 June 2018
Physical Stress Theory[edit | edit source]
According to Mueller and Maluf[1], biological tissues adapt to changes in the levels of applied stress. Maintaining tissue tolerance is essential to prevent tissue atrophy, whereas overloading result in hypertrophy. Excessively high level of stresses lead to tissue injury and a potential permanent damage. The magnitude, time, and direction of stress application determine the overall level of exposure to physical stress. Injury may occur due to a high-magnitude stress applied for a brief period, a low-magnitude stress applied for a long duration, and a moderate-magnitude stress applied to the tissue many times.
Mechanotransduction Hypothesis[edit | edit source]
Refers to the conversion of mechanical loads on the cellular level, eventually resulting in structural changes. Increased bone thickness and width in response to mechanical loading is the classical example of this hypothesis. Regardless of the type of loading, torsional, compressive or tensile, the mechanical stimulus triggers a release of various chemicals, which in turn result in building up layers of tissue and improves load tolerance[2].
This hypothesis is aligned with a sub-principle of Wolff's law that tissues adapt to the specific applied loads. Exposure to compressive loads, for instance, will qualify the tissue to tolerate the same type of applied loads exclusively[3].
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Mueller MJ, Maluf KS. Tissue adaptation to physical stress: a proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to guide physical therapist practice, education, and research. Physical therapy. 2002 Apr 1;82(4):383-403.
- ↑ Khan KM, Scott A. Mechanotherapy: how physical therapists’ prescription of exercise promotes tissue repair. British journal of sports medicine. 2009 Apr 1;43(4):247-52.
- ↑ Frost HM. Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. The Angle Orthodontist. 1994 Jun;64(3):175-88.
