Elbow Osteoarthritis: Difference between revisions
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The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint. Three bones are involved in the articulation of the joint: the distal end of the humerus and proximal ends of the radius and ulna. Similar to other hinge joints articular surfaces are reciprocally shaped, there are strong collateral ligaments and muscles are grouped at the sides so not to impede movement. | The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint. Three bones are involved in the articulation of the joint: the distal end of the humerus and proximal ends of the radius and ulna. Similar to other hinge joints articular surfaces are reciprocally shaped, there are strong collateral ligaments and muscles are grouped at the sides so not to impede movement. | ||
The trochlea at the distal end of the humerus projects anteriorly and inferiorly at an angle of 45<sup>o</sup>. The trochlea notch at the proximal ulna . The orientation of | The trochlea at the distal end of the humerus, projects anteriorly and inferiorly at an angle of 45<sup>o</sup>. The trochlea notch at the proximal ulna, projects anteriorly and superiorly at an angle of 45<sup>o</sup>. The orientation of these articular surfaces allows a large amount of flexion. It achieves this by delaying contact between the humerus and ulna and providing space for musculature. | ||
The carrying angle describes the lateral deviation of the ulnar axis from the humerus. Aproximately in males it is 10<sup>o</sup> - 15<sup>o</sup> and in females 20<sup>o</sup> - 25<sup>o</sup>. | |||
== Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> == | == Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> == |
Revision as of 18:30, 8 February 2017
Original Editor - George Prudden
Lead Editors- George Prudden, Niha Mulla, Kim Jackson, WikiSysop and Lucinda hampton;
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint. Three bones are involved in the articulation of the joint: the distal end of the humerus and proximal ends of the radius and ulna. Similar to other hinge joints articular surfaces are reciprocally shaped, there are strong collateral ligaments and muscles are grouped at the sides so not to impede movement.
The trochlea at the distal end of the humerus, projects anteriorly and inferiorly at an angle of 45o. The trochlea notch at the proximal ulna, projects anteriorly and superiorly at an angle of 45o. The orientation of these articular surfaces allows a large amount of flexion. It achieves this by delaying contact between the humerus and ulna and providing space for musculature.
The carrying angle describes the lateral deviation of the ulnar axis from the humerus. Aproximately in males it is 10o - 15o and in females 20o - 25o.
Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process
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There are two causes of elbow osteoarthritis: primary and post-traumatic
Primary[edit | edit source]
Post-traumatic[edit | edit source]
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to the clinical presentation of the condition
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
Physical examination[edit | edit source]
Imaging[edit | edit source]
X-ray is most commonly used when imaging the elbow joint. Expect to see projections for anteroposterior, lateral and oblique directions. On viewing an x-ray the central joint space is usually preserved with osteophytes typically located at the anterior and posterior aspects. It is important to review previous images especially when there is a history of trauma. With such a history, clinicians should look out for malalignment, incongurency of the joints, or evidence of heterotopic ossification. Stress radiographs are sometimes used when there is a history of instability.
CT is useful in complex cases such as heterotopic ossification, intra-articular loose bodies, bony deformity or malunion is suspected in the setting of previous fracture.
MRI has a limited role in diagnosis and is used only in rare occasions.[1]
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
- American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Elbow Outcome Score
- Broberg and Morrey Elbow Scale
- Mayo Clinic Performance Index for the Elbow
- Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Assessment Scale
- Liverpool Elbow Score[2]
Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition
Key Evidence[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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add appropriate resources here
Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ 2. Biswas D, Wysocki RW, Cohen MS. Primary and Posttraumatic arthritis of the elbow. Arthritis. 2013;2013:1–6.
- ↑ Smith MV, Calfee RP, Baumgarten KM, Brophy RH, Wright RW. Upper Extremity-Specific Measures of Disability and Outcomes in Orthopaedic Surgery. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American volume. 2012;94(3):277-285. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.01744.