Preeclampsia: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Preeclampsia is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder associated with pregnancy. Preeclampsia is marked by hypertension and proteinuria at 20 weeks of gestation. The underlying cause is not precisely known but likely heterogenous. Ample research suggests that for some women with preeclampsia, both maternal and placental vascular dysfunction plays a part in its' evolution and can carry on into the postpartum period. Possible changes include impaired placentation, and endothelial damage.<ref>Opichka MA, Rappelt MW, Gutterman DD, Grobe JL, McIntosh JJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616535/ Vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia.] Cells. 2021 Nov 6;10(11):3055.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616535/ (accessed 5.3.2024)</ref> | Preeclampsia is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder associated with pregnancy. Preeclampsia is marked by hypertension and proteinuria at 20 weeks of gestation. The underlying cause is not precisely known but likely heterogenous. Ample research suggests that for some women with preeclampsia, both maternal and placental vascular dysfunction plays a part in its' evolution and can carry on into the postpartum period. Possible changes include impaired placentation, and endothelial damage. | ||
Preeclampsia is one of three conditions that constitute the syndrome of ischaemic placental disease, a group of pathologies that also includes placental abruption and intrauterine growth restriction.<ref>Parker SE, Werler MM, Gissler M, Tikkanen M, Ananth CV. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400232/ Placental Abruption and Subsequent Risk of Pre‐eclampsia: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.] 2015 May;29(3):211-9.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400232/ (accessed 5.3.2024)</ref>.<ref>Opichka MA, Rappelt MW, Gutterman DD, Grobe JL, McIntosh JJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616535/ Vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia.] Cells. 2021 Nov 6;10(11):3055.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616535/ (accessed 5.3.2024)</ref> | |||
== Maternal Consquences == | == Maternal Consquences == | ||
Preeclampsia is associated with | Preeclampsia is associated with: | ||
Research shows that women with a history of preeclampsia are 60% more likely to experience ischemic | * An increased relative risk for the development of [[Chronic Kidney Disease|end-stage kidney disease]] (ESKD) in the mother. | ||
* Research shows that women with a history of preeclampsia are 60% more likely to experience [[Stroke|ischemic strok]]<nowiki/>e and also have an increased risk of [[Hemorrhagic Stroke: Intracerebral Hemorrhage|hemorrhagic stroke]] and venous [[Thrombosis|thromboembolism]]<ref name=":0">Turbeville HR, Sasser JM. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7311709/ Preeclampsia beyond pregnancy: long-term consequences for mother and child.] American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2020 Jun 1;318(6):F1315-26.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7311709/ (accessed 5.3.2024)</ref>. | |||
Women with a history of preeclampsia have increased | * Women with a history of preeclampsia have increased an increased risk of [[Cerebral Small Vessel Disease|cerebral small vessel disease]] that is highly associated with stroke and dementia. <ref>Miller EC. [https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11513 Preeclampsia and cerebrovascular disease: the maternal brain at risk]. Hypertension. 2019 Jul;74(1):5-13.Available:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11513 (accessed 5.3.2024)</ref> | ||
== Neonatal Consequences == | == Neonatal Consequences == | ||
The neonatal outcomes of preeclampsia identified are; | The neonatal outcomes of preeclampsia identified are; | ||
* Preterm birth, stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW), low Apgar score, intrauterine growth reduction (IUGR), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.<ref>Atamamen TF, Naing NN, Oyetunji JA, Wan-Arfah N. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977357/ Systematic literature review on the neonatal outcome of preeclampsia.] Pan African Medical Journal. 2022 Jan 31;41(1).Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977357/ (accessed 5.3.2024)</ref> | |||
* Other differences include delayed physical development and sensorimotor reflex maturation, increased body mass index, changes in neuroanatomy and reductions in cognitive function, and hormonal changes.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Revision as of 02:38, 6 March 2024
Original Editor - Lucinda hampton
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Ayodeji Mark-Adewunmi, Carina Therese Magtibay and Kirenga Bamurange Liliane
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Preeclampsia is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder associated with pregnancy. Preeclampsia is marked by hypertension and proteinuria at 20 weeks of gestation. The underlying cause is not precisely known but likely heterogenous. Ample research suggests that for some women with preeclampsia, both maternal and placental vascular dysfunction plays a part in its' evolution and can carry on into the postpartum period. Possible changes include impaired placentation, and endothelial damage.
Preeclampsia is one of three conditions that constitute the syndrome of ischaemic placental disease, a group of pathologies that also includes placental abruption and intrauterine growth restriction.[1].[2]
Maternal Consquences[edit | edit source]
Preeclampsia is associated with:
- An increased relative risk for the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in the mother.
- Research shows that women with a history of preeclampsia are 60% more likely to experience ischemic stroke and also have an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke and venous thromboembolism[3].
- Women with a history of preeclampsia have increased an increased risk of cerebral small vessel disease that is highly associated with stroke and dementia. [4]
Neonatal Consequences[edit | edit source]
The neonatal outcomes of preeclampsia identified are;
- Preterm birth, stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW), low Apgar score, intrauterine growth reduction (IUGR), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.[5]
- Other differences include delayed physical development and sensorimotor reflex maturation, increased body mass index, changes in neuroanatomy and reductions in cognitive function, and hormonal changes.[3]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
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- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Parker SE, Werler MM, Gissler M, Tikkanen M, Ananth CV. Placental Abruption and Subsequent Risk of Pre‐eclampsia: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology. 2015 May;29(3):211-9.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400232/ (accessed 5.3.2024)
- ↑ Opichka MA, Rappelt MW, Gutterman DD, Grobe JL, McIntosh JJ. Vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Cells. 2021 Nov 6;10(11):3055.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616535/ (accessed 5.3.2024)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Turbeville HR, Sasser JM. Preeclampsia beyond pregnancy: long-term consequences for mother and child. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2020 Jun 1;318(6):F1315-26.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7311709/ (accessed 5.3.2024)
- ↑ Miller EC. Preeclampsia and cerebrovascular disease: the maternal brain at risk. Hypertension. 2019 Jul;74(1):5-13.Available:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11513 (accessed 5.3.2024)
- ↑ Atamamen TF, Naing NN, Oyetunji JA, Wan-Arfah N. Systematic literature review on the neonatal outcome of preeclampsia. Pan African Medical Journal. 2022 Jan 31;41(1).Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977357/ (accessed 5.3.2024)
