Lymphoma: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- [[User: | '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Lucinda hampton|User Name]] | ||
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, arising from lymphocytes or lymphoblasts [a large, immature lymphocyte that has been activated by an antigen and divides to give rise to mature lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)]. | |||
== | The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes (lymph glands), spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. | ||
Lymphoma can be restricted to the lymphatic system or can arise as extranodal disease. This, along with variable aggressiveness results in a diverse imaging appearance<ref name=":0">Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lymphoma?lang=gb Lymphoma] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lymphoma?lang=gb (last accessed 29.7.2020)</ref>. | |||
Many types of lymphoma exist. The main subtypes are: | |||
# Hodgkin's lymphoma (formerly called Hodgkin's disease) | |||
# Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma<ref>Mayo clinic [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20352638 Lymphoma] Available from:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20352638 (last accessed 29.7.2020)</ref> | |||
Lymphoma cure rates are comparatively high (up to 90%) compared to many other malignancies. Prognosis depends not only on histological subtype and grade but also on stage, hence why imaging plays a pivotal role in treatment. Aggressive lymphomas (e.g. Burkitt lymphoma) typically have a prognosis of weeks without treatment<ref name=":0" />. | |||
Lymphoma treatment may involve chemotherapy, immunotherapy medications, radiation therapy, a bone marrow transplant or some combination of these. | |||
== Epidemiology == | |||
Lymphoma accounts for ~4% of all cancers 4. They are more common in developed countries. | |||
In children, lymphoma accounts for 10-15% of all cancers, being the third most common form of malignancy.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Etiology == | |||
Lymphomas are a malignancy that arise from mature lymphocytes. The aetiology is unknown but potential lymphomatogenic risk factors include: | |||
* Viral infection, e.g. EBV, HTLV-1, HIV, HCV, HSV | |||
* Bacterial infection, e.g. Helicobacter pylori | |||
* Chronic immunosuppression, e.g. post-transplantation | |||
* Prior chemotherapy (especially alkalising agents) and drug therapy, e.g. digoxin | |||
== Classification == | |||
Lymphomas are currently classified according to the 2008 WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The main division is into: | |||
* Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin disease) (40%) | |||
* non-Hodgkin lymphoma (60%) | |||
* mature B-cell lymphoma | |||
* mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma | |||
* post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders | |||
The majority (85%) of lymphomas are B-cell with the remainder (15%) being T-cell. | |||
== Sub Heading 3 == | == Sub Heading 3 == | ||
Revision as of 07:18, 29 July 2020
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (29/07/2020)
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson, Vidya Acharya and Areeba Raja
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, arising from lymphocytes or lymphoblasts [a large, immature lymphocyte that has been activated by an antigen and divides to give rise to mature lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)].
The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes (lymph glands), spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow.
Lymphoma can be restricted to the lymphatic system or can arise as extranodal disease. This, along with variable aggressiveness results in a diverse imaging appearance[1].
Many types of lymphoma exist. The main subtypes are:
- Hodgkin's lymphoma (formerly called Hodgkin's disease)
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma[2]
Lymphoma cure rates are comparatively high (up to 90%) compared to many other malignancies. Prognosis depends not only on histological subtype and grade but also on stage, hence why imaging plays a pivotal role in treatment. Aggressive lymphomas (e.g. Burkitt lymphoma) typically have a prognosis of weeks without treatment[1].
Lymphoma treatment may involve chemotherapy, immunotherapy medications, radiation therapy, a bone marrow transplant or some combination of these.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Lymphoma accounts for ~4% of all cancers 4. They are more common in developed countries.
In children, lymphoma accounts for 10-15% of all cancers, being the third most common form of malignancy.[1]
Etiology[edit | edit source]
Lymphomas are a malignancy that arise from mature lymphocytes. The aetiology is unknown but potential lymphomatogenic risk factors include:
- Viral infection, e.g. EBV, HTLV-1, HIV, HCV, HSV
- Bacterial infection, e.g. Helicobacter pylori
- Chronic immunosuppression, e.g. post-transplantation
- Prior chemotherapy (especially alkalising agents) and drug therapy, e.g. digoxin
Classification[edit | edit source]
Lymphomas are currently classified according to the 2008 WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The main division is into:
- Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin disease) (40%)
- non-Hodgkin lymphoma (60%)
- mature B-cell lymphoma
- mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma
- post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
The majority (85%) of lymphomas are B-cell with the remainder (15%) being T-cell.
Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
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- numbered list
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Radiopedia Lymphoma Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lymphoma?lang=gb (last accessed 29.7.2020)
- ↑ Mayo clinic Lymphoma Available from:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20352638 (last accessed 29.7.2020)
