Gluteus Minimus: Difference between revisions

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= Description[[Image:Gluteusminimus.jpg|thumb|right]]  =
= Description[[Image:Gluteusminimus.jpg|thumb|right]]  =


The gluteus minimus, as its name suggests, is the smallest of the three gluteal muscles and lies beneath the other two muscles in the buttock region. This muscle shares almost identical functioning with the gluteus medius muscle, namely stabilizing the pelvis during walking or running and abducting the thigh when the leg is not weight bearing.<ref name="p4">Trigger Point Therapist. Gluteus Minimus Trigger Points: A Small Muscle with a Big Mouth. http://www.triggerpointtherapist.com/blog/gluteus-minimus-pain/gluteus-minimus-trigger-points-small-muscle-big-mouth/</ref>&nbsp;The gluteus minimus is one of the secondary muscles that can produce hip extension.<ref name="p1">Healthline. Gluteus minimus. www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/gluteus-minimus</ref>  
Gluteus minimus is the smallest one of the three gluteal muscles, lying deep to the gluteus medius muscle. The gluteus minimus is smiliar to the gluteus medius in function, structure, nerve and blood supply.  Gluteus minimus main function is hip stabilization and abduction.<ref name=":0">Greco AJ, Vilella RC. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556144/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Gluteus Minimus Muscle.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2020 Apr 11. StatPearls Publishing.</ref>  


= Anatomy  =
= Anatomy  =
This muscle is located deep and somewhat anterior to (in front of) the gluteus medius. It is a broad and triangular muscle. The gluteus minimus and gluteus medius are separated by deep branches of the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle, a group of nerves and blood vessels. The gluteus minimus emerges from the external surface of the ilium, part of the large pelvic bone, between the base and the front of the gluteal lines, bony ridges on the ilium that are used to mark the attachments of different gluteal muscles. It inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur, which is a bony prominence located at the top of the thigh bone, near the hip joint.<ref name="p1" />
Like the gluteus medius, the minimus has a fan-like (or radial) structure with two fiber divisions; the thicker and compact anterior fibers and the flatter, but more spread out, posterior fibers.<ref name="p4" />
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=== Origin<br> ===
=== Origin  ===
 
External surface of the ilium, between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.<ref name=":1">Standring S, Ellis H, Healy J, Johnson D, Williams A, Collins P, Wigley C. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2005 Nov;26(10):2703.</ref>
Outer (external) surface of ilium, between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.<ref name="p2">Get Body Smart. Gluteus Minimus Muscle. http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/thighmuscles/posteriormuscles/gluteusminimus/tutorial.html</ref>  


=== Insertion<br>  ===
=== Insertion ===
Gluteus minimus muscle is fan-shaped, it attaches at the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.<ref name=":1" />


Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of femur.<ref name="p2" />  
=== Nerve and blood supply ===
<br>Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) and superior gluteal artery<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


=== Nerve supply<br>  ===
=== Action ===
Its main action is hip abduction. It stabilizes the pelvic during single limb support in gait, by engaging on the supported side, to keep the pelvic from dropping on the opposite swing side. Its anterior segment medially rotates the thigh.<ref name=":0" />


A bursa is interposed between the tendon and the greater trochanter.&nbsp;Between the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are the deep branches of the superior gluteal vessels and the superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1).&nbsp;The deep surface of the gluteus minimus is in relation with the reflected tendon of the rectus femoris and the capsule of the hip joint.<ref name="p3">Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Gluteus minimus muscle. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteus_minimus_muscle</ref><br>
= Clinical Significance  =
Weakness in the gluteus minimus results in trendelenburg gait, where the pelvic drops on the unsupported side.


= Function  =
Gluteus minimus tendinopathy results in Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS). Which is characterized by lateral hip pain, tenderness at the greater trochanter and trendelenburg gait, it should be differentiated from trochanteric bursitis which is very rare. Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis is done to rule out hip osteoarthritis.


Along with the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae, the gluteus minimus serves as the primary internal rotator of the hip joint. The gluteus minimus helps with abduction (movement away from the midline of the body) and medial (inward) rotation of the thigh at the hip. Together with the gluteus medius, it acts to stabilize the hip and pelvis when the opposite leg is raised from the ground. Meanwhile, the tensor fasciae latae helps to internally rotate the hip joint.<ref name="p1" />
Gluteus minimus trigger points referred pain starts at end of the lumbar spine and ends at the ankle, following a similar pain pathway of sciatic nerve but without neurological symptoms of the sciatic nerve.<ref name=":0" />
 
The following muscle groups share similar biomechanical functionality with the gluteus minimus muscle and may become overloaded if that muscle is unable to perform its workload due to trigger point activity or injury.&nbsp;The gluteus medius and minimus muscles are functionally (and sometimes anatomically) one muscle group, so to say they are synergists is an understatement.&nbsp;The tensor fascia latae muscle assists in both hip abduction and medial rotation.<ref name="p4" /><br>  


= Assessment  =
= Assessment  =
Trendelenburg test is used to assess the strength of the hip abductors (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus). It is done by asking the patient to do single limb support on the tested leg, while observing the patient from behind to observe the pelvic alignment. If the pelvic drops or deviates from the midline it is indicative of hip abductors weakness.<ref>Whiler L, Fong M, Kim S, Ly A, Qin Y, Yeung E, Mathur S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963550/#B18 Gluteus medius and minimus muscle structure, strength, and function in healthy adults: brief report.] Physiotherapy Canada. 2017;69(3):212-6.</ref>


=== Palpation  ===
=== Palpation  ===  
 
=== Power  ===
 
=== Length  ===


= Treatment  =
= Treatment  =
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Clients with trigger point activity in the muscle group may report or demonstrate the following symptoms and clinical findings.
 
*Pain in buttock, hip, posterior and/or lateral thigh and calf regions
*Hip pain while walking (causing limp)
*Pain while rising from a chair
*Pain may be constant and excruciating, unaffected by positioning
*Hip adduction, such as sitting with the affected leg crossed over the other leg, is limited by pain
 
= Resources  =
 
= See also  =


= References  =
= References  =
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<br>
<br>


[[Category:Anatomy]] [[Category:Muscles]] [[Category:Hip]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]] [[Category:Hip - Anatomy]]  [[Category:Hip - Muscles]]
[[Category:Anatomy]]  
[[Category:Muscles]]  
[[Category:Hip]]  
[[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]]  
[[Category:Hip - Anatomy]]   
[[Category:Hip - Muscles]]

Revision as of 19:51, 15 June 2020

Original Editor - George Prudden,

Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton, George Prudden, Elvira Muhic, Kim Jackson, Lilian Ashraf, Khloud Shreif, WikiSysop, Candace Goh, Evan Thomas and Joao Costa;

Description
Gluteusminimus.jpg
[edit | edit source]

Gluteus minimus is the smallest one of the three gluteal muscles, lying deep to the gluteus medius muscle. The gluteus minimus is smiliar to the gluteus medius in function, structure, nerve and blood supply.  Gluteus minimus main function is hip stabilization and abduction.[1]

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

Origin[edit | edit source]

External surface of the ilium, between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.[2]

Insertion[edit | edit source]

Gluteus minimus muscle is fan-shaped, it attaches at the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.[2]

Nerve and blood supply[edit | edit source]


Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) and superior gluteal artery[1][2]

Action[edit | edit source]

Its main action is hip abduction. It stabilizes the pelvic during single limb support in gait, by engaging on the supported side, to keep the pelvic from dropping on the opposite swing side. Its anterior segment medially rotates the thigh.[1]

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Weakness in the gluteus minimus results in trendelenburg gait, where the pelvic drops on the unsupported side.

Gluteus minimus tendinopathy results in Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS). Which is characterized by lateral hip pain, tenderness at the greater trochanter and trendelenburg gait, it should be differentiated from trochanteric bursitis which is very rare. Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis is done to rule out hip osteoarthritis.

Gluteus minimus trigger points referred pain starts at end of the lumbar spine and ends at the ankle, following a similar pain pathway of sciatic nerve but without neurological symptoms of the sciatic nerve.[1]

Assessment[edit | edit source]

Trendelenburg test is used to assess the strength of the hip abductors (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus). It is done by asking the patient to do single limb support on the tested leg, while observing the patient from behind to observe the pelvic alignment. If the pelvic drops or deviates from the midline it is indicative of hip abductors weakness.[3]

Palpation[edit | edit source]

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Trigger points[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Greco AJ, Vilella RC. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Gluteus Minimus Muscle. InStatPearls [Internet] 2020 Apr 11. StatPearls Publishing.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Standring S, Ellis H, Healy J, Johnson D, Williams A, Collins P, Wigley C. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2005 Nov;26(10):2703.
  3. ↑ Whiler L, Fong M, Kim S, Ly A, Qin Y, Yeung E, Mathur S. Gluteus medius and minimus muscle structure, strength, and function in healthy adults: brief report. Physiotherapy Canada. 2017;69(3):212-6.


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