Vastus Medialis Oblique: Difference between revisions

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== Description ==
== Description ==
Prime mover for screw home movement with Vastus Lateralis.


[[Image:VMO1.png|thumb|right]] Vastus medialis is one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps group of muscles. Proximally it arises from the upper part of the [[Femur|femoral shaft]] and distally its flattened tendon joins the quadriceps femoris tendon, and inserts into the upper border of the [[patella]].<ref name=":0">Anatomy.tv | 3D Human Anatomy | Primal Pictures [Internet]. Anatomy.tv. 2018 [cited 16 March 2018]. Available from: <nowiki>http://www.anatomy.tv/</nowiki></ref>
=== Origin ===
Medial side of femur


=== Origin  ===
=== Insertion ===
Quadirceps tendon


Lower part of the intertrochanteric line, along the spiral line to the medial lip of the linea aspera, the medial intermuscular septum and the aponeurosis of adductor magnus.<ref name=":0" />
=== Action ===
Increase mechanical advantage of knee joint to perform knee extention by other heads of quadriceps.


=== Insertion  ===
=== Function ===
Increase mechanical advantage of knee joint to perform knee extention by other heads of quadriceps.


Into the medial side of the quadriceps tendon, joining with rectus femoris and the other vasti muscles, enveloping the patella, then by the patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity.<ref name=":0" />
== Other Important Information ==
 
===Is it a real muscle or a gost? ===
=== Nerve ===
For physiotherapist vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is a well known muscle. But some anatomist do not accept VMO as real muscle. The first paper I have seen was a letter to editor [ref needed]. In this letter it is clearly stated that VMO is not an independent muscle. It is a part of vastus medilis.  
A branch from the posterior division of the femoral nerve, derived from L2, 3 and 4.<ref name=":0" />
 
=== Artery ===
Femoral artery and branches from the profunda femoris artery.<ref name=":0" />
 
== Function ==
Vastus medialis, together with the other muscles that make up quadriceps femoris, extends the [[Knee|knee joint]].<ref name=":0" />
 
=== Clinical relevance  ===
Weakness of the vastus medials is associated with patellar maltracking and [[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|patellofemoral pain]]. Treatment should include restoring balance between vastus medialis and [[Vastus Lateralis|lateralis]], which often requires strengthening of the oblique fibers of medialis, as well as assessment of the degree of dynamic supination and pronation of the foot.
 
== Assessment  ==
 
=== Palpation ===
It can be palpated along its entire length. Distally, the quadriceps tendon can be palpated attaching to the proximal border (base) of the patella.
 
== Treatment  ==
 
== Resources  ==
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| {{#ev:youtube|HIUL9MpxTho|412}}
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Recent years the topic is still unclear.  You can find a list of articles below;
*Smith TO, Nichols R, Harle D, Donell ST. Do the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus medialis longus really exist? A systematic review. Clin Anat. 2009 Mar;22(2):183-99.
*Smith TO, Nichols R, Harle D, Donell ST. Do the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus medialis longus really exist? A systematic review. Clin Anat. 2009 Mar;22(2):183-99.
*Pattyn E, Verdonk P, Steyaert A, Vanden Bossche L, Van den Broecke W, Thijs Y, Witvrouw E. Vastus medialis obliquus atrophy: does it exist in patellofemoral pain syndrome? Am J Sports Med. 2011 Jul;39(7):1450-5. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
*Pattyn E, Verdonk P, Steyaert A, Vanden Bossche L, Van den Broecke W, Thijs Y, Witvrouw E. Vastus medialis obliquus atrophy: does it exist in patellofemoral pain syndrome? Am J Sports Med. 2011 Jul;39(7):1450-5. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
 
*Günal I, Araç S, Sahinoğlu K, Birvar K. The innervation of vastus medialis obliquus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992 Jul;74(4):624.
*Günal I, Araç S, Sahinoğlu K, Birvar K. The innervation of vastus medialis obliquus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992 Jul;74(4):624.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
 
*Holt G, Nunn T, Allen RA, Forrester AW, Gregori A. Variation of the vastus medialis obliquus insertion and its relevance to minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2008 Jun;23(4):600-4. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
*Holt G, Nunn T, Allen RA, Forrester AW, Gregori A. Variation of the vastus medialis obliquus insertion and its relevance to minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2008 Jun;23(4):600-4. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
*Lin YF, Lin JJ, Cheng CK, Lin DH, Jan MH. Association between sonographic morphology of vastus medialis obliquus and patellar alignment in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 Apr;38(4):196-202. Epub 2007 Nov 21
*Lin YF, Lin JJ, Cheng CK, Lin DH, Jan MH. Association between sonographic morphology of vastus medialis obliquus and patellar alignment in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 Apr;38(4):196-202. Epub 2007 Nov 21


Revision as of 01:09, 17 March 2018

Original Editor - Rafet Irmak

Top Contributors - Admin, Ananya Bunglae Sudindar, Rafet Irmak, George Prudden, Wendy Snyders, Kim Jackson, Richard Benes, Evan Thomas, WikiSysop and Claudia Karina  

This anatomy page requires improvement to meet Physiopedia's quality standards. The reasons have been specified below this alert box. Please help improve this page if you can. #qualityalert #qualityalert_anatomy

Description[edit | edit source]

Prime mover for screw home movement with Vastus Lateralis.

Origin[edit | edit source]

Medial side of femur

Insertion[edit | edit source]

Quadirceps tendon

Action[edit | edit source]

Increase mechanical advantage of knee joint to perform knee extention by other heads of quadriceps.

Function[edit | edit source]

Increase mechanical advantage of knee joint to perform knee extention by other heads of quadriceps.

Other Important Information[edit | edit source]

Is it a real muscle or a gost?[edit | edit source]

For physiotherapist vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is a well known muscle. But some anatomist do not accept VMO as real muscle. The first paper I have seen was a letter to editor [ref needed]. In this letter it is clearly stated that VMO is not an independent muscle. It is a part of vastus medilis.

Recent years the topic is still unclear. You can find a list of articles below;

  • Smith TO, Nichols R, Harle D, Donell ST. Do the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus medialis longus really exist? A systematic review. Clin Anat. 2009 Mar;22(2):183-99.
  • Pattyn E, Verdonk P, Steyaert A, Vanden Bossche L, Van den Broecke W, Thijs Y, Witvrouw E. Vastus medialis obliquus atrophy: does it exist in patellofemoral pain syndrome? Am J Sports Med. 2011 Jul;39(7):1450-5. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
  • Günal I, Araç S, Sahinoğlu K, Birvar K. The innervation of vastus medialis obliquus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992 Jul;74(4):624.
  • Holt G, Nunn T, Allen RA, Forrester AW, Gregori A. Variation of the vastus medialis obliquus insertion and its relevance to minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2008 Jun;23(4):600-4. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
  • Lin YF, Lin JJ, Cheng CK, Lin DH, Jan MH. Association between sonographic morphology of vastus medialis obliquus and patellar alignment in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 Apr;38(4):196-202. Epub 2007 Nov 21

References[edit | edit source]

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