Search results

...n and Scientific Validity of Common Tests for Ankle Examination]. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation. 2020 Jul 8:100072.</ref>. ...atient position:''' in a seated position, with knee hanging in 90 degrees, ankle relaxed.

...rt L, van Dijk CN. Clinical evaluation of a dynamic test for lateral ankle ligament laxity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010 May;18(5):628-33. </re ...pedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_ligament#/media/File:Gray354.png|thumb|Medial Ankle Ligament]]

...le for injury of the Anterior Talofibular ligament and the Calcaneofibular ligament. ...ew Jersey. 2007.</ref>&nbsp; <ref name="Wheeless">Wheeless Online Textbook of Orthopaedics. Talar Tilt: Physical Exam. http://www.wheelessonline.com/orth

...al tests can be used to assess FAI and the respective ligament involved in the acute [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Ankle_Sprain sprain] or [https://www.ph '''Ligaments of the ankle'''

...the [[talus]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. See the page for [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] for more information. ...of the strongest load-bearing structures known to mankind.<ref>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Foot. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/

...y or hypermobility in the sagittal plane of the talocrural joint (or upper ankle joint) is present. ...partial rupture or complete rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament. The test is graded on a 4-point scale. 0 represents no laxity and 3 represents

...lateral ligament and the posterolateral corner.] Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, 2012; 45: 5 </ref> It is one of 4 critical ligaments involved in stabilizing the [[Knee|knee joint.]]

[[File:Lateral-ankle-ligaments.jpg|thumb|458x458px]] ...0794?via%3Dihub Chronic ankle instability: biomechanics and pathomechanics of ligaments injury and associated lesions]. Orthopaedics & traumatology: Surg

[[File:Talocrural joint ankle.jpg|thumb]] ...om compression of structures during dorsiflexion at the anterior margin of the tibiotalar joint<ref name=":1" />.

...ww.physio-pedia.com/User:Michael_Kecman Mike Kecman&nbsp;]as part of the [[The Jackson Clinics Residency Project]] ...be beneficial to rule in or rule out pathology after trauma to the foot or ankle, or when an injury is not responding to conservative management.

...nctional and quantitative, allowing a measurement of power and strength of the affected to unaffected leg. ...eg. The goal is to have a less than 10% difference in hop distance between the injured limb and uninjured limb.

...iginal Editors ''' - [[User:Gaëlle Vertriest|Gaëlle Vertriest]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...ive Physical Examination for Instability of the Knee. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008 Mar 1;36(3):577-94.</ref>.

[[File: Anatomy ankle and foot 2.jpg|right|frameless]] ...]] [[bone]]<nowiki/>s. Together, the three borders (listed below) form the ankle mortise.

== Basic Structure of the Foot and Ankle == ...the lower leg and foot. The osseous components of the ankle joint include the distal [[tibia]], distal [[fibula]], and [[talus]].

Left Grade 1 Ankle Sprain Right Grade 2 Medial Collateral Ligament Tear

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ewa Jaraczewska|Ewa Jaraczewska]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Hele ...f the structures, functional anatomy, and etiologic factors in syndesmosis ankle injuries is needed to treat this injury effectively.

'''Original Editor '''- The [[Open Physio]] project ...o one sprain per 10 000 people daily<ref>The gender issue: epidemiology of ankle injuries in athletes who participate in basketball.

...sed by Baxter's nerve entrapment. However, it's an often-overlooked source of heel pain.<ref name=":0">Stephen Offutt DP, Patrick DeHeer DP. How to addre ...tus and the underlying flexor brevis until it reaches its distal target of the abductor digiti minimi.<ref name=":0" />

...s/squat-single-leg.htm SLS] Available:https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/squat-single-leg.htm (accessed 4.1.2022)</ref>. ...al examinations]] to assess for dynamic knee valgus and the potential risk of lower extremity injury<ref>Ugalde V, Brockman C, Bailowitz Z, Pollard CD. [

...01568 Current concepts in the surgical management of chronic ankle lateral ligament instability]. J Orthop. 2022 Jul 19;33:87-94. </ref> ...ce of the star excursion balance test in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201479.</ref>

...ible flatfoot; clinical aspects and algorithmic approach]. Iranian journal of pediatrics. 2013 Jun;23(3):247.</ref>. Jack's test is often done in conjunction with the [[Tip Toe Standing Test|Tip Toe Standing test]].<br>

...ent condition (HPC) (Was there trauma or was it insidious onset? Mechanism of Injury?)<br> ...n? (Is pain in a dermatomal region - pain in the knee can be referred from the back)

...n x-rays or just on MRI findings. These things have to come together (with the objective assessment)". ''Helene Simpson'' </blockquote> [[File:Sesamoid Bone.png|thumb|Sesamoid Bone in the distal end of the first metatarsal ]]

...mination and Intervention for Sinus Tarsi Syndrome. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 2009 February; 4(1):29-37 (level: A1)</ref> ...uries that results in a synovitis and infiltration of fibrotic tissue into the sinus tarsi space.<ref name="Helgeson et al" />

...ary|Hilary Zachary]] and [[User:James Passmore|James Passmore]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]] ...as a Maissonneuve fracture. <ref name="Clanton">5. Clanton T. Syndesmotic ankle sprains in athletes. International SportMed Journal. 2003;4 (4):1-10.
6</

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ewa Jaraczewska|Ewa Jaraczewska]] based on the course presented by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/helene-s [[File:Ankle image.jpeg|right|frameless|250x250px|Ankle]]

...tibialis posterior tendon may occur. This can range from minor tearing of the tendon with subsequent inflammation to a complete tibialis posterior tendon ...ssed because the symptoms of this injury resemble the symptoms of a normal ankle sprain. Some physicians may feel that posterior tibial tendon rupture is a

'''Original Editors ''' - [[User:Lore Aerts|Lore Aerts]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...fness, catching, locking and swelling may be present. These symptoms place the ability to walk, work and perform sports at risk.<br>

...igaments can be ruptured. Ankle instability or arthritis can be the result of diastasis [8]&nbsp;[9]. ...rpose of these ligaments is to hold the tibia and the fibula together when the joint is loaded [3].&nbsp;<br>

...of the Calcaneus. In: Saxena, A. (eds) International Advances in Foot and Ankle Surgery, London:Springer. 2012. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8572 ...ve Physiol Ther. 2009;32(1):41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.09.014. (level of evidence 1A)</ref>

...me="yeung">Yeung MS, Chan KM, So CH, Yuan WY. An epidemiological survey on ankle sprain. Br J Sports Med 1994 Jun;28(2):112-116.</ref> ...Holmes A, Delahunt E. Treatment of common deficits associated with chronic ankle instability. Sports Med 2009;39(3):207-224.</ref> <br>

== Overview of the Pelvic Girdle Musculoskeletal Method^sm == ...ysiotherapy assistants since 2011.<ref name=":0">Riczo, D. Introduction to the Pelvic Girdle Musculoskeletal Method Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>

...es in athletes: Evaluation and management. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons, nov.-dec. 2001, vol. 9, n°: 6, 389-400. Evidence lev ...igaments, with no or mild joint instability.<br>3. A complete rupture of a ligament with severe joint instability.

...cuboid, cuboid fault syndrome, and lateral plantar neuritis.'''Because of the nature and inconsistent terminology associated with this injury, cuboid syn ...P, Hamilton WG. Cuboid subluxation in ballet dancers. The american journal of sports medicine. 1992 Mar;20(2):169-75.</ref>

...of motion]] in assessment. There are multiple types of joint end-feels all of which are different for each individual. * The end of each motion at each joint is limited from further movement by particular an

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ewa Jaraczewska|Ewa Jaraczewska]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Hele ...reatment is essential; and re-assessment is necessary when there is a lack of progress.

...Physical Therapy From Art to Evidence, Chapter 19: The Theory and Practice of Neural Dynamics and Mobilisation. Christopher H Wise. ...It is considered as an anterior corollary of SLR and assesses the mobility of upper lumbar nerve segments.

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ewa Jaraczewska|Ewa Jaraczewska]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Hele ...journals/eor/6/8/2058-5241.6.200138.xml Current management of trimalleolar ankle fractures.] EFORT Open Reviews. 2021 Aug 10;6(8):692-703.</ref>

'''Original Editor '''- The [[Open Physio]] project. ...nificant, are not as severe as those in bones bearing a greater proportion of body weight..<ref>https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/orthopaedic-surgery-sports-m

...emporomandibular disorder and generalized joint hypermobility: application of diagnostic criteria]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Jul-Aug;77(4):418-425. ...nd 90° with the forearm flat on a table <ref name="Alter">Alter M. Science of Flexibility. 3rd edition. Sheridan books, 2004; p89</ref>.

...mann|Michael Kauffmann]], [[User:Pieter Jacobs|Pieter Jacobs]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...from: <nowiki>https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/sprained-ankle/</nowiki> (accessed 22/12/2022)</ref>.

...ving way), and impaired balance responses for more than 6 months following the initial injury<ref>Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, editor. Manual therapy for m .... Seven years follow‐up after ankle inversion trauma. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2002 Jun;12(3):129-35.</ref>.

...x499px|Musculi interossei dorsales pedis <ref name=":1">Gray H. Anatomy of the human body, by Henry Gray, thoroughly rev. and re-edited by Warren H. Lewis ...from the Ligament plantare longum which is situated on the bottom side of the foot.

...al interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis.] ''British Journal of Sports Medicine'', ''56''(9), pp.521-530.</ref> ...urface of the [[Femur|femur]], which are the main articulating surfaces of the patellofemoral joint.<ref name="p1">Medscape. Drugs and Diseases. Patellofe

...n|reconstructions]] as well as [[knee]] extensor, [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]] ligament, and [[shoulder]] and [[Hip Anatomy|hip]] [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]] reconst ...on]] as well as encourage the ingrowth of native tissue into the synthetic ligament.

...rbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Carin Hunter|Carin Hunter]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/nick-rainey// Nick R ...ocols. Following evidence-based protocols means that you reduce the chance of a poor outcome. You should make sure that these protocols are specific to y

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Wanda van Niekerk|Wanda van Niekerk]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/lee-herrington/ Le ...sible. This can be achieved by identifying factors that can increase risk. The aim is then to try to reduce an individual's predisposition to injury.

...tors ''' - [[User:Thijs Van Liefferinge|Thijs Van Liefferinge]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...Joint|subtalar joint]]. In both joints, osteoarthritis can be diagnosed in the medial and lateral compartments.&nbsp;

...joint (anterior and posterior views)|right|frameless|600x600px|Overview of the knee joint (anterior and posterior views)]] ...l joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation). <ref name=":0">Chaurasia BD. [https://www.pdf

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Daniel Alcorn|Daniel Alcorn]] as part of the [[The Jackson Clinics Residency Project]] ...siness; 2007: 130-139.</ref> Imaging typically begins with a standard set of plain radiographs, with special radiographic views and more elaborate modal

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ewa Jaraczewska|Ewa Jaraczewska]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Hele ...ough fifth (lesser toe) injuries.<ref name=":0">Gyftopoulos S, Woertler K. Ankle and foot. Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2024. 2021:107-20.</ref>

...orbox">'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Carin Hunter|Carin Hunter]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donn == Commonly Used Types of Orthotics ==

...rough an unrestricted, pain-free range of motion. It involves the capacity of these structures to stretch, lengthen, and contract without limitations, al ...t, including muscles, ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, and skin. A lack of stretching, especially when combined with activity, can lead to fatigue-ind

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ewa Jaraczewska|Ewa Jaraczewska]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Hele ...About 20% of these injuries. are not diagnosed in time or at the point of the injury.<ref name=":7" /> A subtle, but unstable injury may receive conserv

...l pain sensitivity in patients with unilateral plantar heel pain]. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2019 Sep;49(9):640-6. DOI: 10.2519/j ...ntar heel pain” was hence proposed to describe the condition of pain under the heel where no differential diagnosis exists.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"

...s be practical. Thus, patients may choose to have surgery or various types of ultrasound-guided percutaneous injections to manage this condition. ...tor hallucis muscle]] and the fibrous septum, which connects the fascia to the bone.<ref name=":8" />

[[Image:Foot.jpg|493x493px|Foot & Ankle|right|frameless]] ...orm a complex system which consists of 28 [[Bone|bones]], 33 joints, 112 [[Ligament|ligaments]], controlled by 13 extrinsic and 21 intrinsic [[Muscle|muscles]]

...to the second tarsometatarsal (tarsometa-tarsal) joint and the Lisfranc [[ligament]]. <ref name="Wynter S, & Grigg C.">Wynter S, Grigg C. [https://www.racgp.o ...ot. It is commonly misdiagnosed as a sprain, particularly if the mechanism of injury is a simple twist and fall.

...organ transplant is an established life-saving therapy for these patients. The most common underlying conditions requiring heart-lung transplants are cong A pioneering heart surgeon, Dr Christiaan Barnard, performed the first successful human-to-human heart transplant operation in 1967 in Cape

...copic treatment of anterolateral impingement of the ankle. Journal of Foot Ankle Surgery [serial online]. May 2010;49(3):219-223. Available from: CINAHL Plu [[Image:493x335 ankle.jpg|center|500px]]

...swing phase. Foot drop can therefore hinder walking and increase the risk of tripping and falling. <ref>Stevens F, Weerkamp NJ, Cals JW. Foot drop. BMJ ...pated behind the head of the [[fibula]] and as it winds around the neck of the fibula.<ref>Palastanga N & Soames R ''Anatomy and Human Movement, Structur

...%20knee%3A%20A%20practical%20guide%20to%20management.&f=false The multiple ligament injured knee: A practical guide to management.] New York: Springer Science, The [[Knee|knee joint]] is made up of articulations of the [[Femur|distal femur]], [[Tibia|proximal tibia]] and [[patella]].<ref name=

...11.short Injuries in elite and recreational snowboarders.] British journal of sports medicine. 2014 Jan 1;48(1):11-7.</ref> ...ctures of the Lateral Process of the Talus]. Fractures and Dislocations of the Talus and Calcaneus. 2020:97-106.</ref>

...'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Ewa Jaraczewska|Ewa Jaraczewska]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Hele == Definition of Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) ==

...hn|Andrew Klaehn]],[[User:Yelena Gesthuizen|Yelena Gesthuizen]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project]] ...e &amp; Joint Surgery, December 1978, vol. 60, no. 8, p. 1113-1116. (Level of Evidence 1B)</ref>

...is the most common cause of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. Failure of the tendon affects surrounding ligamentous structures and will eventually lead ...tibial tendon dysfunction: an overlooked cause of foot deformity]. Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2015 Jan;4(1):26. Available from:https://

...ntour of the vertebral column; or 3) permit access to deeper tissue inside the spinal canal. ...rve roots (that is, the nerve roots that exit at the vertebral level below the surgical level).

...="Goo Kim">Goo Kim, J et all. Correlation between the rotational degree of the dial test and arthroscopic and physical findings in posterolateral rotatory ...ffman G. Acute and chronic management of posterolateral corner injuries of the knee [corrected] [published erratum appears in ORTHOPEDICS 2008 Jul;31(7):7

...): 799-804 (C)</ref> In most cases, flexion deformities occur bilaterally. The deformity is either temporary or permanent. Normal [[Knee]] anatomy is characterized by the following:

...rbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Carin Hunter|Carin Hunter]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-sme ...utilized in determining pointe readiness in young ballet dancers.] Journal of Dance Medicine & Science. 2018 Dec 1;22(4):209-17.</ref>

...on's Neuroma: A case report]. Manual therapy. 2016 Feb 29;21:307-10.(level of evidence: 5) </ref> ...2nd−3rd and 3rd−4th metatarsal heads), which results in the entrapment of the affected nerve.

...dy|Jeremy Brady]], &amp; [[User:Thomas Albaugh|Thomas Albaugh]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]] ...enerally presents radiographically as a widened medial-lateral gap between the two carpal bones.<ref name="Wheeless-SI" />

...d the ankle (between the tarsal bones in the hindfoot and the phalanges in the forefoot). ...c between the lateral side of C1 and the medial side of M2. Lateral is the ligament system with fibers between C2 and M2, just as crossed fibers between C3-M2

Following the first 6 weeks of [[ACL Rehabilitation: Acute Management after Surgery|acute management after In the acute management phase, there are some considerations to protect the surgical repair and allow healing without compromising ROM.

...involves a position where they work on their knees for a prolonged period of time such as miners, gardeners, carpet layers and mechanics.<ref name="p5" ...prepatellar bursa) and those that occur elsewhere (pes anserinus bursa and the iliotibial bursa) <ref name="p4">Mcafee J.H. et al.. Olecranon and prepatel

'''Original Editor '''- The [[Open Physio]] project. ...nt to the cerebral cortex for higher processing.<ref>''Guyton AC. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA  WB Saunders; 1992.''</ref>

...variation in isolated posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction]. Journal of experimental orthopaedics. 2022 Dec;9(1):1-2.</ref> ...f name="p1">Medscape. Drugs & Diseases, Sport Medicine. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/90514-overview (accessed 20/

...torbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Free Picke|Free Picke]] as part of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel Project. ...1999 (Level of Evidence: 2C)</ref>The primary symptom is excessive laxity of multiple joints. <ref name="p3" />

...pelvis. The rounded femoral head sits within the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis. [[File:Sagittal section of the structures of the hip 2 Primal.png|thumb|Sciatic Nerve]]

...he specific body segment responds by generating specific forces to counter the [[Introduction to Human Biomechanics - External Forces|external forces]], t ...lication of the imaginary incision method and simplified force analysis in the lower limb.

'''Original Editor '''- Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page. ...ists Overuse Injuries in Professional Road Cyclists.] The American journal of sports medicine. 38. 2494-501. 10.1177/0363546510376816. Available from: h

...7:2419–26.</ref> As a consequence of its complex role in the kinematics of the knee, when an ACL injury occurs there are both clinical signs and subjectiv ...-based clinical practice update: practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus

...07 Sep 25;21(7):50-.</ref> In essence, it is the extent to which a part of the body can be moved around a joint or a fixed point. ...part of patient assessment.<ref name=":0">Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>

...rs. But if a plica has been diagnosed beyond any doubt as being the source of knee pain, it can be treated correctly.<ref name=":0" /> == Types of Plica ==

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Wanda van Niekerk|Wanda van Niekerk]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/ian-gatt/ Ian Gatt ...he First World Congress in Sports Physical Therapy, Bern.] British journal of sports medicine. 2016 Jul 1;50(14):853-64.</ref>

...remains around instead of its usual cupped shape leading to instability of the lateral compartment. This condition is usually asymptomatic but may become ...lso lead to a spontaneous meniscal tear through breakdown and weakening of the meniscal structure.

...agility, and balance along with mental control. It is a popular sport with the explosion in climbing gyms, bouldering venues and, bolted sports routes. ..., treatments, and prevention is important to diagnose, manage, and counsel the rock-climbing athlete.

...Original Editor '''- [[User:Wanda van Niekerk|Wanda van Niekerk]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/dr-james-laskin// Ja ...be part of a larger network of sports medicine professionals looking after the team and athletes.

...compared to PF OA. However, PF OA contributes to a significant proportion of patients symptoms and functional impairments and should be addressed. [[Pat ...no specific diagnostic criteria to diagnose PF OA formally. A combination of clinical signs and symptoms as well as radiographic information from X-rays

...Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences. 2016; 21(1): 12-18</ref> All of these disorders are classified as hereditary [[Connective Tissue Disorders| ..., [[Anatomy of the Human Heart|heart]], eyes), so JHS does not just affect the joints. It can also affect [[skin]] extensibility, digestion and in more s

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Wanda van Niekerk|Wanda van Niekerk]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/merike-hopkins/ Me ...[[Tendon Anatomy|tendons]] and [[Ligament|ligaments]], are mainly at risk of injury.<ref>Walther M, Reuter I, Leonhard T, Engelhardt M. Injuries and res

...biyi]], [[User:Monijesu Lydia Oladele|Monijesu Lydia Oladele]], as part of the [[Redeemer's University Physioculture Journal Project]] ...and is expanded upon by the addition of six key notes and the etymology of the word pain for further valuable context;

...in Campion|Kevin Campion]], [[User:Aarti Sareen|Aarti Sareen]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...igament: Physiology, rupture and reconstruction techniques]. World journal of orthopedics. 2016 Feb 18;7(2):82.</ref>.

...[[Gluteal Tendinopathy|gluteal]] pain, intense groin pain particularly in the athletic population, and even anterior thigh and knee pain<ref name=":2">Ku ...soas Bursitis|iliopsoas bursitis]] are commonly described synonymously, as the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management are nearly identical<ref

...with patellar tendinopathy: a randomised clinical trial]. British journal of sports medicine. 2021 May 1;55(9):501-9.</ref>. ...inopathy have been identified, such as gender, weight and body mass index, the most significant risk factor appears to be training load (i.e. an extrinsic

...box"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Bo Hellinckx|Bo Hellinckx]]as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ...4.184 Hamstrung by hamstring strains: a review of the literature]. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1984 Jan 1;5(4):184-95.</ref>

...f a soft tissue intervention to infraspinatus and teres minor on the range of glenohumeral joint internal rotation = Ethical approval to carry out the study was gained from the University of Brighton Research Ethics Committee

...rs '''- [[User:Kirianne Vander Velden|Kirianne Vander Velden]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universi ....] Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2018;5(3):296–300.</ref>; tears of the gluteus medius or minimus tendons<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /><ref nam

...ovcic|Victoria Jovcic]], [[User:Lizzie Wakeham|Lizzie Wakeham]] as part of the [[Nottingham University Spinal Rehabilitation Project]]<br> ...n can arise from any of the ligaments, muscles, fascia, joints or discs of the Lumbar Spine. Read more information on [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]].

...not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> <div class="editorbox"> ...interventions, with the goal of maintaining the patient’s strength, range of motion, balance, endurance, cardiorespiratory function, self-efficacy, and

...these are common injuries in both elite and amateur athletes as well as in the general population<ref>Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/muscle- ...lete’s return to the field with weeks or even months and increase the risk of re-injury.

...e diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update). The Spine Journal. 2013 Jul 1;13(7):734-43.</ref> ...ck, thigh, or leg particularly during walking or standing for a long time. The pain reduces usually when a patient is in resting, sits down, or bends forw