...ref> The main goal of neck collars is to prevent or minimise motion in the cervical spine.
* maintaining normal cervical lordosis.
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...tebrae.png|thumb|right]][[Image:Cervical vertebra.png|thumb|right]][[Image:Cervical Vertebra side view.png|thumb|right]]
...Maryland Clinical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's
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...of progressive degenerative changes that affect all the components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, joints of Luschka, ligamen
....nih.gov/pubmed/25674751 Tetraplegia after thyroidectomy in a patient with cervical spondylosis: a case report and literature review.] Medicine (Baltimore) 2
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[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|right|frameless]]
...understanding of this anatomy is essential for assessment and treatment of cervical spine problems.
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...Cervical osteoarthritis can also be referred to as [[Cervical Spondylosis|cervical spondylosis]].<br>
[[File:MRI of the Cervical Spine showing degenerative changes.jpg|center|Cervical spine MRI showing degenerative disc disease, osteophytes, and osteoarthriti
22 KB (3,082 words) - 11:36, 15 November 2023
[[File:Cervical-cancer.jpg|thumb]]
...e cervix is a malignancy arising from the cervix.<ref name=":0">Radiopedia Cervical Cancer Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoma-of-the-cer
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...pril 2001. (LoE:4)</ref> While no tools exists for the assessment of upper cervical ligamentous instability, an approach that takes into account risk factors,
...tube.com/watch?v=k6hUT1kBoEc&feature=youtu.be|width}}<ref>Dpt Orthopeadics Cervical Instability Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6hUT1kBoEc&fea
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#REDIRECT [[Cervical Osteoarthritis]]
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...is formed by the communication of the anterior divisions of the upper four cervical nerves (C1-4). <ref name="AE">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail
[[Image:Cervical plexus anatomy.png|center|300px]]
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...vical Anatomy|neck]] and upper extremities."<ref name="Eubanks">Eubanks J. Cervical Radiculopathy: Nonoperative Management of Neck Pain and Radicular Symptoms.
...that cause symptoms on the nerve roots. <ref name="Eubanks,JD">Eubanks, JD.Cervical Radiculopathy:Nonoperative Management of Neck Pain and Radicular Symptoms.A
40 KB (5,769 words) - 11:33, 15 November 2023
...ontains much of the information needed to rule out red flags and guide the cervical examination.
| [[Cervical Myelopathy|Cervical Myelopathy]]
27 KB (3,834 words) - 11:42, 15 November 2023
[[File:Compressive myeolopathy C6C7.png|thumb|Cervical myelopathy C6-C7]]
...ssion of the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] at the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] level of the spinal column resulting in [[spasticity]], hyperreflexia, pa
30 KB (4,201 words) - 11:40, 15 November 2023
.../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541001/#_NBK541001_pubdet_ Anatomy, Thorax, Cervical Rib].[updated 2020 Aug 22]. In:StatPearls[Internet].Treasure Island(FL): st
.../www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443067167000670 "Case 67 - Cervical ribs"], ''100 Challenging Spinal Pain Syndrome Cases (Second Edition)'', E
8 KB (1,140 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...[[Cervical Radiculopathy|cervical radiculopathy]] or [[Cervical Myelopathy|cervical myelopathy]].
...esult of [[Cervical Spondylosis|spondylosis]] (degenerative changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability)
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
...the cervical spine clinicians should screen individuals with neck pain for cervical myelopathy, arterial dysfunction, instability and fracture<ref>Knew WW. [ht
== Cervical Stenosis and Myelopathy ==
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...journal.com/linkout?issn=1533-3159&vol=6&page=199 Provocation tests in the cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]. Pain Physicia
...epdf/10.2519/jospt.2000.30.12.728 Diagnosis and nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy.] J Ortho Sports PT. 2000;30(12):728-744.</ref>
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#REDIRECT [[Cervical Distraction Test]]
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[[File:Cervical pain.png|thumb|'''Cervical Pain''']] [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical]] pain is one of the most common complaints by patients presenting to physi
== Changes That Occur With Chronic Cervical Pain ==
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#REDIRECT [[Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Spine]]
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[[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical]] spine injury (CSI) in children is unique in both the wide anatomic differ
...berg F, Vecsei V, Gaebler C. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17297330 Cervical spine injuries in pediatric patients]. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Sur
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#REDIRECT [[Changes Associated with Chronic Cervical Pain]]
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...ors. They play an enormous role in the connection and stabilization of the cervical column and the [[skull]].
...ed laterally at the upper vertebral column. They prevertebral layer of the cervical [[fascia]], encloses [[Spinal cord anatomy|vertebral]] column, longus co
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[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|thumb|Multifidus superficial
...]]<ref name=":0">Schomacher J, Falla D. Function and structure of the deep cervical extensor muscles in patients with neck pain. Manual therapy. 2013 Oct 1;18(
7 KB (1,075 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...of the muscles, ligaments, and sometimes also the bones and nerves of the cervical spine.
...severe pain.<ref>Anderson C, Yeung E, Tong T, et al. A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplashassociated disorder. BMJ Open
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...inson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliability and Diagnostic Validity of the Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31:293-300</ref>
...has high sensitivity and specificity to detect the presence or absence of cervical joint dysfunction in neck pain and headache patients.<ref>Sandmark H, Nisel
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To assist in the diagnosis of [[Cervical Radiculopathy|cervical radiculopathy]]..
....</ref>:'''positive upper limb tension test A''' (ULTTa), '''involved-side cervical''' '''rotation range of motion less than 60 degrees''', '''positive distrac
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...Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Leino E, Manninen H. Cervical rotation lateral flexion test in brachialgia. Archives of physical medicine
* The cervical spine is passively and maximally rotated away from the side being tested.
3 KB (403 words) - 17:25, 16 September 2023
...otherapy, focusing on their role in optimizing patient outcomes in chronic cervical pain management.
...is an objective measurement tool used to assess the range of motion in the cervical spine. It includes various inclinometers to measure flexion, extension, lat
28 KB (3,726 words) - 15:58, 15 February 2024
...al orthopedic surgeons. Most common cause for this operation is a ruptured cervical intervertebral disk. Another reason for surgery are spurs that irritate a n
...locked nerve (=decompression) and the fusion is necessary to stabilize the cervical segment.
12 KB (1,782 words) - 14:47, 23 August 2019
...es of the Neck Prior to Musculoskeletal Intervention: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2023; 53(1) :
== Anatomy of Cervical Spine ==
36 KB (5,235 words) - 12:52, 15 February 2023
...ented independently from the trunk. The [[Biomechanics|kinematics]] of the cervical spine are complex - seven vertebrae as well as articulations with the occip
Movements of the cervical spine are 1) constrained by the [[Anatomy cervical|anatomy]] of motion segments and longer connective structures that span mul
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...a limited role in supporting the uterus and internal genitalia, unlike the cervical ligaments which are tough, non-extensible, and condensed thickening of pelv
== Cervical Ligaments ==
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...ly performed with head movement in the transverse and sagittal planes. The Cervical JPE Test has strong clinical value in identifying proprioceptive deficits i
...ad.<ref>Treleaven, J., Jull, G., & LowChoy, N. (2006). The relationship of cervical joint position error to balance and eye movement disturbances in persistent
8 KB (1,169 words) - 00:22, 1 October 2021
...and tests). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine.
...mc/articles/PMC8639967/ Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for cervical spine (facet) joint pain from a multispecialty international working group]
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#REDIRECT [[Paediatric Cervical Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Overview of Cervical Spine Assessment]]
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[[File:Cervical spine.png|thumb]]
...maintaining the range of motion for the head and neck. It contains seven [[Cervical Vertebrae|vertebrae]], which provide support to the head while allowing for
39 KB (5,879 words) - 07:28, 7 May 2023
...assive Physiological Intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) and [[PAIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements]] (PAIVMs). A
...ist and, if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general
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...be divided into [[PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment]] (PPIVMs) and Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movement
...ist and, if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general
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...2022 Feb 1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
== Cervical Spine Structure ==
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<div>'''Manual Therapy and Cervical Arterial Dysfunction'''</div>
...:1">Kerry R, Taylor AJ, Mitchell J, McCarthy C, Brew J. Manual Therapy and Cervical Arterial Dysfunction, Directions for the Fuuture: A Clinical Perspective. T
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...on multifidus intermediate layer Primal.png|thumb|Figure 1. Muscles of the cervical region.]]
...ic headache]] (CGH) is a chronic secondary headache that originates in the cervical spine.<ref>Fernandez M, Moore C, Tan J, Lian D, Nguyen J, Bacon A et al. Sp
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...yroid and trachea)<ref name=":0">Lang, J., 1993. ''Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine''. Stuttgart; New York: Thieme.</ref> is located at the anterior aspe
...d into two groups:<ref>Spine, S.C., 2015. Anatomy of the Cervical Spine. ''Cervical Spine: Minimally Invasive and Open Surgery'', p.1.</ref><ref>Kim, D.H., Vac
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#REDIRECT [[Surgical and Post‐Operative Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis]]
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...ior to Orthopaedic Manual Therapy (OMT) Intervention: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework, 2020. Available from [https://www.ifompt.org/site/ifompt/IFOMPT%
...developed through rigorous consensus methods, guides the assessment of the cervical spine region for potential vascular pathologies of the neck before planned
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#REDIRECT [[Section 10: Teaching OMT for the Cervical Region]]
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...ngus capitis is one of the four deep cervical flexor muscles (AKA anterior cervical muscles) together with Longus Cervicis ([https://www.physio-pedia.com/Longu
Muscular branches of the ascending cervical artery. <ref name="ae">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5272/<
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Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4 to 6
Branches of the ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves C6 to 8
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[[Image:Upper cervical ligaments.png|thumb|right]]
...[Category:Cervical Spine - Ligaments]] [[Category:Ligaments]] [[Category:Cervical Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Cervical Osteoarthritis]]
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#REDIRECT [[Changes Associated with Chronic Cervical Pain]]
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#REDIRECT [[Paediatric Cervical Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Cervical Distraction Test]]
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#REDIRECT [[Grade I Cervical Sprain]]
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#REDIRECT [[Overview of Cervical Spine Assessment]]
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#REDIRECT [[PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment]]
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[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|437x437px]]
...of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]]). Spinalis Cervicis is the cervical portion of the spinalis muscle with [[Spinalis Capitis|spinalis capitis]] s
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...f vertebrae, [[Disc Herniation|disc herniation]], [[Cervical Radiculopathy|cervical radiculopathy]], and [[Compartment Syndrome|compartment syndrome]]. Insuffi
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Anterior primary rami of the first
cervical spinal nerve (C1)<br>
<div>The muscle receives blood from the ascending
cervical artery, which is a small branch of the inferior thyroid artery from the thy
2 KB (238 words) - 10:25, 22 July 2021
...gus cervicis is one of the four deep cervical flexor muscles (AKA anterior cervical muscles) together with [[Longus Capitis]], [[Rectus Capitis Anterior]] and
...ubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ
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Iliocostalis Cervicis is also known as cervicalis ascendens. It is the cervical portion of the iliocostal [[muscle]].<ref name=":0">Roldan CJ, Huh BK. [htt
[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]]
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...is formed by the communication of the anterior divisions of the upper four cervical nerves (C1-4). <ref name="AE">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail
[[Image:Cervical plexus anatomy.png|center|300px]]
3 KB (430 words) - 13:40, 23 August 2019
...Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Leino E, Manninen H. Cervical rotation lateral flexion test in brachialgia. Archives of physical medicine
* The cervical spine is passively and maximally rotated away from the side being tested.
3 KB (403 words) - 17:25, 16 September 2023
...loskeletal/Orthopaedics]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Ligaments]]
1 KB (161 words) - 13:40, 23 August 2019
...and rotation, when both splenius cervicis muscles contract they extend the cervical spine. <ref name=":0">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Anatomy and huma
Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (C5, 6, 7, and 8)<ref name=":0" />
2 KB (257 words) - 12:45, 26 November 2021
...the cervical spine clinicians should screen individuals with neck pain for cervical myelopathy, arterial dysfunction, instability and fracture<ref>Knew WW. [ht
== Cervical Stenosis and Myelopathy ==
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Arm Squeeze Test is a clinical test used to distinguish cervical nerve root compression from shoulder disease in case of doubtful diagnosis.
...o B.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538136/ Anatomy, Head and Neck, Cervical Nerves]. StatPearls.
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...s and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic Headache|cervical headache]].<ref name=":0">Satpute K, Nalband S, Hall T. [https://www.ncbi.n
...to the C1-C2 motion segment. Which can be painful for patients with lower cervical spine pain and dysfunction.<ref name=":0" />
3 KB (496 words) - 11:18, 16 February 2022
Vertebra prominens is the name of the seventh cervical vertebra.
...rocess that protrudes posteriorly toward the [[skin]] at the back of the [[Cervical Anatomy|neck]].
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Transverse processes of T1 to T6, articular processes of the 4th to 7th cervical vertebrae<ref name="wh">Wheeless`textbook of orthopedic, Semispinalis Cervi
Nerve supply - Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves<ref name="wh" /><ref name="ae" />
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Anterior tubercle of transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra
Branches of the ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves 7 & 8
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[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|399x399px|alt=|Top R arrow Spi
...icis]] and [[Spinalis Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it co
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[[Image:Upper cervical ligaments.png|thumb|right]]
Spans between the second cervical vertebra in the neck and the skull. It lies as a fibrous cord in the triang
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Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]] C3-C6 <ref name=":0">Sam Bernes.[https://teachmeanatomy.info/ne
Anterior branches of the cervical nerves C5-C7.
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| [[Image:Cervical vertebrae lig flavum.png|thumb|200px|Anterior Longintudinal Ligament - Late
...length of the spine from the base of the skull,via the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine, thoracic spine and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine to the sacrum.
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...journal.com/linkout?issn=1533-3159&vol=6&page=199 Provocation tests in the cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]. Pain Physicia
...epdf/10.2519/jospt.2000.30.12.728 Diagnosis and nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy.] J Ortho Sports PT. 2000;30(12):728-744.</ref>
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.... [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0161475403001544 Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation]:
It is used to diagnose [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Radiculopathy cervical radiculopathy] and is as definitive as the [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Sp
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...ticulations, measuring 2 × 4 to 3 × 6 mm., situated between the five lower cervical vertebral bodies. They are located anteromedially to the mixed nerve root a
They allow for flexion and extension and limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine.
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| [[Image:Upper cervical ligaments.png|thumb|center]]
...tion of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane that led to the development of cervical myelopathy is rare.
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...cervical spine when looking for cervical nerve root compression causing [[Cervical Radiculopathy]]<ref name="Konin et al">Konin JG, Wiksten DL, Isear JA, Brad
...morgick Y, Mirovsky Y. What is the best way to apply the Spurling test for cervical radiculopathy? Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. 2012;470(9):2566-2572. </ref>
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...ors. They play an enormous role in the connection and stabilization of the cervical column and the [[skull]].
...ed laterally at the upper vertebral column. They prevertebral layer of the cervical [[fascia]], encloses [[Spinal cord anatomy|vertebral]] column, longus co
6 KB (849 words) - 09:34, 8 February 2022
...the posterior [[Intercostal Muscle Strain|intercostal]] arteries, the deep cervical [[Arteries|artery]], and the muscular branches of the [[Vertebral Artery|ve
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|Spinalis Capitis marked]]
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...of the muscles, ligaments, and sometimes also the bones and nerves of the cervical spine.
...severe pain.<ref>Anderson C, Yeung E, Tong T, et al. A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplashassociated disorder. BMJ Open
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Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C3 - C8 <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />.
The ascending cervical artery branch of the inferior thyroid artery supplies the middle scalene<re
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The muscle receives blood from the ascending cervical artery, which is a small branch of the inferior thyroid artery from the thy
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]]
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[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Ligaments]]
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...then places the index fingers between the occiput and spinous process of [[Cervical Anatomy|C2]], so the index fingers are over the neural arch of the C1 verte
...ademic.oup.com/ptj/article/93/12/1686/2735395 Diagnostic accuracy of upper cervical spine instability tests: a systematic review.] Physical therapy. 2013 Dec 1
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Suboccipital nerve or dorsal ramus of cervical spinal nerve (C1)<ref name="ae">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_deta
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]] [[Category:Muscles]]
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...osteriorly and inferomedially from C1 to C2. It is situated under the deep cervical vein and comprises the inferior boarder of the suboccipital triangle.<ref n
Suboccipital nerve or dorsal ramus of cervical spinal nerve (C1).<ref name="AE" />
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# Semispinalis cervicis muscle - fascicles cover the cervical and thoracic [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] muscles
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|Cervical intermediate muscles|alt=]]
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...es on the posterior tubercle of transverse process of [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]] 1 to 4.<ref name="p1">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_de
...third is deep to the trapezius. From the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae, the fibers of the levator of the scapula pass inferiorly to the
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