Pediatric Patient Resources: Difference between revisions

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* Typical diagnosis involves a multidisciplinary team
* Typical diagnosis involves a multidisciplinary team
* Genetic testing may be recommended <br>
* Genetic testing may be recommended


=== '''Resources''' ===
=== '''Resources''' ===
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** Their mission “To provide the highest quality of structured day services for adults with severe developmental disabilities.”
** Their mission “To provide the highest quality of structured day services for adults with severe developmental disabilities.”


== Down Syndrome <ref name="NDSS">National Down Syndrome Society. Down Syndrome. National Down Syndrome Society. http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/. Published 2012. Accessed June 24, 2013.</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Down.syndrome.ribbon.magnet.jpg|120x132px]]  ==
== <ref name="NDSS">National Down Syndrome Society. Down Syndrome. National Down Syndrome Society. http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/. Published 2012. Accessed June 24, 2013.</ref> <ref name="NDSS">National Down Syndrome Society. Down Syndrome. National Down Syndrome Society. http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/. Published 2012. Accessed June 24, 2013.</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Down.syndrome.ribbon.magnet.jpg|120x132px]]  ==


'''Definition''': Genetic disorder occurring when the individual has full or a partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes an alteration in the development of the child.  
=== '''Definition''' ===
 
Genetic disorder occurring when the individual has full or a partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes an alteration in the development of the child.  
<br>'''How common is Down Syndrome?'''
 
<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • Most common genetic disorder<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • ~1:691 babies are born each year with Down’s Syndrome<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • ~6,000 babies are born each year with Down’s Syndrome


<br>'''Types'''  
=== '''How common is Down's Syndrome?''' ===
* Most common genetic disorder
* ~1:691 babies are born each year with Down’s Syndrome
* ~6,000 babies are born each year with Down’s Syndrome


<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • Trisomy 21 (Nondisjunction)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; o The pair of the 21st chromosome fails to separate <br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; o Extra chromosome is replicated in every cell in the body<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; o Accounts for ~95% of cases  
=== '''Types''' ===
 
* Trisomy 21 (Nondisjunction):
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Nondisjunction Cell Division.jpg]]<br> <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • Mosaicism<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Nondisjunction takes place in chromosome 21 in one cell but not all cells<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; o Accounts for ~1% of cases<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o May have fewer characteristics than other types of Down’s Syndrome  
** The pair of the 21st chromosome fails to separate
 
** Extra chromosome is replicated in every cell in the body  
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[[Image:Mosaicism.jpg]]<br> <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • Translocation<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Part of chromosome 21 breaks off during cell division and attaches to another chromosome, typically chromosome 14<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o Accounts for ~4% of cases  
** Accounts for ~95% of cases  
 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Nondisjunction Cell Division.jpg]]  
<br>'''Causes'''
** Mosaicism:
 
*** Nondisjunction takes place in chromosome 21 in one cell but not all cells  
<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • Cause of nondisjunction is currently unknown<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Research suggests the likelihood increases as women age<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o No definitive research suggesting environmental factors of the parents before or during pregnancy
*** Accounts for ~1% of cases  
*** May have fewer characteristics than other types of Down’s Syndrome  
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[[Image:Mosaicism.jpg]]<br>
** Translocation:
*** Part of chromosome 21 breaks off during cell division and attaches to another chromosome, typically chromosome 14  
*** Accounts for ~4% of cases  


=== '''Causes''' ===
* Cause of non-disjunction is currently unknown:
** Research suggests the likelihood increases as women age
** No definitive research suggesting environmental factors of the parents before or during pregnancy
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Maternal Age Chart2.png]]  
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Maternal Age Chart2.png]]  


*Note: Age 34 is not accurate. NDSS has noted the error but has yet to find out the correct information.
**Note: Age 34 is not accurate. NDSS has noted the error but has yet to find out the correct information.


<br>'''How is Down’s Syndrome Diagnosed? '''  
=== '''How is Down’s Syndrome Diagnosed? ''' ===
<u>Prenatally</u>
* Screening tests:
** Most only provide a probability
** Blood test: measures quantities of various substances in the mother’s blood
** [[Ultrasound Scans|Ultrasound]]: checks for “markers”


<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • Prenatally
** Diagnostic tests:
*** Can provide a definite diagnosis with almost 100% accuracy 
*** Carry up to a 1% risk of causing a spontaneous termination 
*** Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): usually performed in first trimester between 9 and 11 weeks
*** Amniocentesis: usually performed in the second trimester after 15 weeks 


<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o Screening tests<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;  Most only provide a probability<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  Blood test: measures quantities of various substances in the mother’s blood<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  Ultrasound: checks for “markers”
<u>At birth</u>  
* Usually identified by certain physical traits:  
** Low muscle tone
** Single deep crease across the palm of the hand
** Slightly flattened facial profile 
** Upward slant to the eyes


<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o Diagnostic tests<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Can provide a definite diagnosis with almost 100% accuracy <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Carry up to a 1% risk of causing a spontaneous termination <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): usually performed in first trimester between 9 and 11 weeks<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Amniocentesis: usually performed in the second trimester after 15 weeks
* Chromosomal analysis may also need to be done to confirm the diagnosis:
** This is done by drawing a sample of the baby’s blood


<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • At birth
=== '''Resources''' ===
 
* '''[http://www.downsyndromeoflouisville.org/ Down Syndrome of Louisville]'''
<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Usually identified by certain physical traits<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Low muscle tone<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Single deep crease across the palm of the hand<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Slightly flattened facial profile <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Upward slant to the eyes
** Lifelong learning center for individuals with Down Syndrome
 
* National Down Syndrome Society
<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Chromosomal analysis may also need to be done to confirm the diagnosis <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  This is done by drawing a sample of the baby’s blood <br>
** Information about Down Syndrome
 
** Lists [http://www.ndss.org/Resources/ resources] including:
<br>
*** Publications
 
*** Managing behavior
'''Resources'''<br>&nbsp;
*** Research
 
*** And more!<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • '''Down Syndrome of Louisville'''<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Lifelong learning center for individuals with DS<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o http://www.downsyndromeoflouisville.org/<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • '''National Down Syndrome Society'''<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Information about Down Syndrome<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Lists resources including:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Publications<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Managing behavior<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Research<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  And more!<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o http://www.ndss.org/Resources/<br>  
* '''National Association for Down Syndrome'''
** Programs
** [http://www.nads.org/pages_new/resources.html Resources] and information<br><br>


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • '''National Association for Down Syndrome'''<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Programs<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Resources and information<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o http://www.nads.org/pages_new/resources.html<br>  
* '''Real Life Down Syndrome'''
* Blog spot
* Gives insight on how to raise a child with DS
* [http://reallifedownsyndrome-resources.blogspot.com/ Search resources by state]<br>


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • '''Real Life Down Syndrome'''<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Blog spot<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Gives insight on how to raise a child with DS<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Search resources by state<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o http://reallifedownsyndrome-resources.blogspot.com/<br>
* '''[http://dbhdid.ky.gov/dbh/files/oflsecb.pdf Kentucky Parent Support Groups]'''
** Lists support groups by county


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; • '''Kentucky Parent Support Groups'''<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o Lists support groups by county<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o http://dbhdid.ky.gov/dbh/files/oflsecb.pdf<br><div class="researchbox"> </div>
== Activities and Equipment Sites for the Pediatric Population  ==
== Activities and Equipment Sites for the Pediatric Population  ==
<div class="researchbox">Below are websites for you to look around for fun activities to enjoy outside of therapy sessions.  
<div class="researchbox">Below are websites for you to look around for fun activities to enjoy outside of therapy sessions.  

Revision as of 17:53, 4 March 2019

Original Editor - Alicia Dupilka

Top Contributors - Alicia Dupilka, Elaine Lonnemann, Kim Jackson, Leana Louw, WikiSysop, Admin and Scott Buxton   


Resources for Physical Therapists and the Families of the Pediatric Population[edit | edit source]

This section is dedicated to the rare conditions diagnosed in the pediatric population.                                                                                                           Kosair.jpg

Kosair Childrens Hospital

  • Look into conditions and services
  • Find a doctor
  • See current news
  • Visit their health library


Pediatric Leukemias

  • The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
  • In depth resource of pediatric leukemias
                                            Logo.gif

Pediatric Rheumatology

Multiple Sclerosis Foundation


Failure to Thrive

National Organization for Rare Diseases


The Global Genes Project

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autism[1] Autism ribbon.png[edit | edit source]

Definition[edit | edit source]

Group of complex disorders of the brain. Varying degrees of characteristics including: difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors.

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): can display with intellectual disabilities, difficulties in coordination and attention and physical health issues.
  • Autism: most obvious signs and symptoms tend to emerge between 2 and 3 years old

How common is Autism and ASD? [edit | edit source]

  • ASD: Affects over 2 million individuals in the United States
  • Autism:
    • Effects ~1:88 children
    • ~4-5 more times likely in boys than girls
    • An estimated 1 out of 54 boys and 1 in 252 girls are diagnosed in the United States

Causes[edit | edit source]

  • No one cause
  • Rare gene changes Most cases are a combination of gene changes and environmental factor
  • Risk factors (do not cause autism by themselves, but could have an influence when combined with genetic risk factors):
    • Clearest evidence involve events before and during birth
    • Advance age at conception
    • Maternal illness during pregnancy
    • Difficulties during birth (i.e. Oxygen deprivation)
  • Genetic risk factors (Autism tends to happen more frequently in the following conditions)[2]
    • Fragile X Syndrome
    • Tuberous sclerosis
    • Congenital rubella syndrome
    • Untreated phenylketonuria (PKU)

How is ASD/Autism diagnosed?[edit | edit source]

  • No specific medical test
  • Administer autism-specific behavioral evaluations
  • Parents usually notice:
    • Failure to make eye contact
    • Not responding to their name
    • Playing with toys in unusual or repetitive ways
    • Other signs
  • The Modified Checklist of Autism in Toddlers:
    • List of informative questions about child
    • Answers can indicate whether further evaluation by a specialist is needed

            Eac-block.jpg

  • Typical diagnosis involves a multidisciplinary team
  • Genetic testing may be recommended

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
  • Autism Research Institute
              o Find out about current research
              o http://www.autism.com/
  • Autism Society
    • Has news, research and ways to get involved
    • Section about living with Autism

Cerebral Palsy (CP) Cerebral-palsy-awareness-ribbon.jpg.png[edit | edit source]

Definition[edit | edit source]

Disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that is caused by injury or abnormal development in the immature brain.[3]

How common is CP? [4][edit | edit source]

  • Usually not diagnosed until the age of 2 or 3
  • ~2-3:1,000 children over the age of three have the condition
  • ~500,000 children and adults have CP in the United States

Types[4] [edit | edit source]

  • Spastic:
    • ~70-80% of cases
    • Associated with stiff muscles, making movement difficult
    • Spastic diplegia:
      • Both legs are affected
      • Causes tight muscles in the hips and legs
      • Inward turned legs leading to crossed knees (scissoring)

                                 Diplegic cp.png

    • Spastic hemiplegia:
      • One side of the body affected
      • Arm often more affected than the leg

                           Hemiplegic CP.png

    • Spastic quadriplegia:
      • Most severe
      • All four limbs and the trunk are affected
      • Often also affect muscle of tongue and mouth

                   Quad cp.png

  • Athetoid or Dyskinetic:
    • 10-20% of cases
    • Affects entire body
    • Fluctuations in muscle tone
    • Uncontrolled movements
    • Difficulty with:
      • Learning to control body
      • Sucking
      • Swallowing
      • Speech
  • Ataxic
    • 5-10% of cases
    • Affects balance and coordination:
      • Unsteady gait
      • Difficulty with motions that require precise coordination

Causes[3][edit | edit source]

  • Abnormality or disruption in brain development
  • Random mutations in genes
  • Infections of the mother that would affect the developing baby
  • Disruption of blood supply to the developing brain
  • Lack of oxygen to the baby’s brain
  • Infant infections leading to inflammation around the brain
  • Traumatic head injury

Risk factors[3][edit | edit source]

  • Mother’s health:
    • Certain infections or health problems significantly increase the chance to giving birth to a baby with CP:
  • Infant’s health:
    • Certain illnesses in a newborn significantly increase the chance of the baby developing CP:
      • Bacterial meningitis
      • Severe or untreated jaundice (yellowing of the skin)
      • Viral encephalitis
  • Other factors:
    • Premature birth
    • Low birth weight
    • Breech births
    • Multiple babies

How is CP diagnosed?[3][edit | edit source]

  • Signs and symptoms usually appear during infancy or preschool years:
    • Impaired movement associated with:
  • Brain scans:
    • MRI: usually the preferred test to use, will usually be given a mild sedative to remain still
    • Cranial ultrasound: can provide a preliminary assessment, placed over the soft spot (fontanel) of the baby’s head
    • CT scan: will likely be given a mild sedative to remain still
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG):
    • Done if the child has a history of seizures
    • Records the electrical activity of the brain
    • Used to determine if child has epilepsy
  • Lab tests:
    • Blood is checked to rule out other conditions
    • May also screen for metabolic or genetic problems
  • Additional tests:
    • If diagnosed with CP, may go through these other tests to screen for other associated conditions:
      • Vision impairment
      • Hearing impairment
      • Speech delays or impairments
      • Intellectual disabilities or mental retardation
      • Other developmental delays

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • MyChild™:
    • Their mission: “to provide you with the most comprehensive resource and compassionate voice for all things related to caring for a child with cerebral palsy, and other neurological conditions. We strive, everyday, to be your ULTIMATE Resource for EVERYTHING Cerebral Palsy.”
  • Mattingly Center, Inc.
    • Cerebral Palsy School of Louisville, Inc.
    • Their mission “To provide the highest quality of structured day services for adults with severe developmental disabilities.”

[5] [5]  Down.syndrome.ribbon.magnet.jpg[edit | edit source]

Definition[edit | edit source]

Genetic disorder occurring when the individual has full or a partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes an alteration in the development of the child.

How common is Down's Syndrome?[edit | edit source]

  • Most common genetic disorder
  • ~1:691 babies are born each year with Down’s Syndrome
  • ~6,000 babies are born each year with Down’s Syndrome

Types[edit | edit source]

  • Trisomy 21 (Nondisjunction):
    • The pair of the 21st chromosome fails to separate
    • Extra chromosome is replicated in every cell in the body
    • Accounts for ~95% of cases

          Nondisjunction Cell Division.jpg

    • Mosaicism:
      • Nondisjunction takes place in chromosome 21 in one cell but not all cells
      • Accounts for ~1% of cases
      • May have fewer characteristics than other types of Down’s Syndrome

         Mosaicism.jpg

    • Translocation:
      • Part of chromosome 21 breaks off during cell division and attaches to another chromosome, typically chromosome 14
      • Accounts for ~4% of cases

Causes[edit | edit source]

  • Cause of non-disjunction is currently unknown:
    • Research suggests the likelihood increases as women age
    • No definitive research suggesting environmental factors of the parents before or during pregnancy

          Maternal Age Chart2.png

    • Note: Age 34 is not accurate. NDSS has noted the error but has yet to find out the correct information.

How is Down’s Syndrome Diagnosed? [edit | edit source]

Prenatally

  • Screening tests:
    • Most only provide a probability
    • Blood test: measures quantities of various substances in the mother’s blood
    • Ultrasound: checks for “markers”
    • Diagnostic tests:
      • Can provide a definite diagnosis with almost 100% accuracy
      • Carry up to a 1% risk of causing a spontaneous termination
      • Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): usually performed in first trimester between 9 and 11 weeks
      • Amniocentesis: usually performed in the second trimester after 15 weeks

At birth

  • Usually identified by certain physical traits:
    • Low muscle tone
    • Single deep crease across the palm of the hand
    • Slightly flattened facial profile
    • Upward slant to the eyes
  • Chromosomal analysis may also need to be done to confirm the diagnosis:
    • This is done by drawing a sample of the baby’s blood

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • Down Syndrome of Louisville
    • Lifelong learning center for individuals with Down Syndrome
  • National Down Syndrome Society
    • Information about Down Syndrome
    • Lists resources including:
      • Publications
      • Managing behavior
      • Research
      • And more!
  • National Association for Down Syndrome

Activities and Equipment Sites for the Pediatric Population[edit | edit source]

Below are websites for you to look around for fun activities to enjoy outside of therapy sessions.


Below is a list of equipment sites for you to look around.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Autism Speaks. It's Time to Listen. Autism Speaks. http://www.autismspeaks.org/. Accessed June 27, 2013.
  2. ↑ Autism Society. Improving the Lives of All Affected by Autism. Autism Society. http://www.autism-society.org/. Accessed June 27, 2013.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mayo Clinic. Cerebral Palsy. Mayo Clinic Staff. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cerebral-palsy/DS00302/DSECTION=complications. Accessed 06/30/2013.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 American Pregnancy Association: Promoting Pregnancy Wellness. Cerebral Palsy. United Cerebral Palsy. http://americanpregnancy.org/birthdefects/cerebralpalsy.htm. Updated 03/2006. Accessed 06/30/2013.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 National Down Syndrome Society. Down Syndrome. National Down Syndrome Society. http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/. Published 2012. Accessed June 24, 2013.

 

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