Muscles of Respiration: Difference between revisions
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'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} - | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} - | ||
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
The breathing pump muscles are a complex arrangement that form a semirigid bellows around the lungs. Essentially, all muscles that attach to the rib cage have the potential to generate a breathing action. Muscles that expand the thoracic cavity are inspiratory muscles and induce inhalation, while those that compress the thoracic cavity are expiratory and induce exhalation. These muscles possess exactly the same basic structure as all other skeletal muscles, and they work in concert to expand or compress the thoracic cavity.<ref name="strong">Breathe Strong, Perform Better by Alison McConnell http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/learn-the-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-muscles-involved-in-breathing</ref> | The breathing pump muscles are a complex arrangement that form a semirigid bellows around the lungs. Essentially, all muscles that attach to the rib cage have the potential to generate a breathing action. Muscles that expand the thoracic cavity are inspiratory muscles and induce inhalation, while those that compress the thoracic cavity are expiratory and induce exhalation. These muscles possess exactly the same basic structure as all other skeletal muscles, and they work in concert to expand or compress the thoracic cavity.<ref name="strong">Breathe Strong, Perform Better by Alison McConnell http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/learn-the-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-muscles-involved-in-breathing</ref> <br> | ||
== Primary Muscles == | == Primary Muscles == | ||
The primary inspiratory muscles are the external intercostals and the diaphrag and the primary expiratory muscles are the internal intercostals, intercostalis intimi, and subcostals. | |||
The muscles of inspiration elevate the ribs and sternum, and the muscles of expiration depress them.<ref name="anatomy"/>. | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
== Accessory Muscles == | == Accessory Muscles == | ||
The accessory inspiratory muscles are the sternocleidomastoid, the scalenus anterior, medius and posterior, the pectoralis major and minor, the inferior fibres of serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi, the serratus posterior anterior may help in inspiration also the iliocostalis cervicis<ref name="anatomy">http://voiceandalexandertechnique.eu/voice-anatomy/pharynx-and-larynx/muscles-involved-in-voice-production/muscles-of-respiration.html</ref>. | The accessory inspiratory muscles are the sternocleidomastoid, the scalenus anterior, medius, and posterior, the pectoralis major and minor, the inferior fibres of serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi, the serratus posterior anterior may help in inspiration also the iliocostalis cervicis<ref name="anatomy">http://voiceandalexandertechnique.eu/voice-anatomy/pharynx-and-larynx/muscles-involved-in-voice-production/muscles-of-respiration.html</ref>. | ||
The accessory expiratory muscles are the abdominal muscles: rectus, abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis. And in the thoracolumbar region the lowest fibres of iliocostalis and longissimus, the serratus posterior inferior and quadratus lumborum. | The accessory expiratory muscles are the abdominal muscles: rectus, abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis. And in the thoracolumbar region the lowest fibres of iliocostalis and longissimus, the serratus posterior inferior and quadratus lumborum. | ||
[[Image:949 937 muscles-of-respiration.jpg]] | [[Image:949 937 muscles-of-respiration.jpg]] | ||
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=== '''Attachment of Diaphragm:<ref name="snell"/>''' === | === '''Attachment of Diaphragm:<ref name="snell"/>''' === | ||
'''Origin:''' Xiphoid process (posterior surface), lower six ribs and their costal | '''Origin:''' Xiphoid process (posterior surface), lower six ribs and their costal cartilage (inner surface) and upper three lumbar vertebrae as right crus and upper two lumbar vertebrae as left crus. | ||
'''Insertion:''' central tendon | '''Insertion:''' central tendon | ||
'''Nerve Supply''': Motor nerve supply by Phrenic nerve (C3 C4 C5) and sensory supply by phrenic nerve to | '''Nerve Supply''': Motor nerve supply by Phrenic nerve (C3 C4 C5) and sensory supply by phrenic nerve to central tendon and lower 6 or 7 intercostal nerve to peripheral parts.<br> | ||
=== Intercostal muscles:<ref name="snell">Snell's Clinical Anatomy http://teachinganatomy.blogspot.com/2013/07/respiratorymuscles.html</ref> === | === Intercostal muscles:<ref name="snell">Snell's Clinical Anatomy http://teachinganatomy.blogspot.com/2013/07/respiratorymuscles.html</ref> === | ||
They are three types: External intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles and innermost intercostal muscles. | They are three types: External intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, and innermost intercostal muscles. | ||
<u>'''External intercostal muscles:'''</u> | <u>'''External intercostal muscles:'''</u> | ||
*'''Origin:''' inferior border of rib above and | |||
'''Origin:''' inferior border of rib above and | *'''Insertion:''' superior border of rib below<br> | ||
'''Insertion:''' superior border of rib below | |||
<u>'''Internal intercostal muscles:'''</u> | <u>'''Internal intercostal muscles:'''</u> | ||
*'''Origin''': from the costal groove (lower part of inner surface of rib near the inferior border) of the rib above and | |||
'''Origin''': from the costal groove (lower part of inner surface of rib near the inferior border) of the rib above and | *'''Insertion''': upper border of rib below<br> | ||
'''Insertion''': upper border of rib below | |||
<u>'''Innermost intercostal muscles:'''</u> | <u>'''Innermost intercostal muscles:'''</u> | ||
*It is an incomplete muscle layer and crosses more than one intercostal space. These muscles assist in the function of external and internal intercostal muscles. | |||
*'''Origin''': from the costal groove of the rib above and | |||
*'''Insertion''': the superior border of rib below<br> | |||
'''Nerve supply:''' all the intercostal muscles are supplied by intercostal nerves'' | |||
<br> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references / | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Anatomy]] [[Category:Muscles]] [[Category:Cardiopulmonary]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]] | [[Category:Anatomy]] [[Category:Muscles]] [[Category:Cardiopulmonary]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]] | ||
Revision as of 19:48, 4 September 2017
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
The breathing pump muscles are a complex arrangement that form a semirigid bellows around the lungs. Essentially, all muscles that attach to the rib cage have the potential to generate a breathing action. Muscles that expand the thoracic cavity are inspiratory muscles and induce inhalation, while those that compress the thoracic cavity are expiratory and induce exhalation. These muscles possess exactly the same basic structure as all other skeletal muscles, and they work in concert to expand or compress the thoracic cavity.[1]
Primary Muscles[edit | edit source]
The primary inspiratory muscles are the external intercostals and the diaphrag and the primary expiratory muscles are the internal intercostals, intercostalis intimi, and subcostals.
The muscles of inspiration elevate the ribs and sternum, and the muscles of expiration depress them.[2].
Accessory Muscles[edit | edit source]
The accessory inspiratory muscles are the sternocleidomastoid, the scalenus anterior, medius, and posterior, the pectoralis major and minor, the inferior fibres of serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi, the serratus posterior anterior may help in inspiration also the iliocostalis cervicis[2].
The accessory expiratory muscles are the abdominal muscles: rectus, abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis. And in the thoracolumbar region the lowest fibres of iliocostalis and longissimus, the serratus posterior inferior and quadratus lumborum.
Innervation of respiratory muscles:[3][edit | edit source]
Attachment of Diaphragm:[3][edit | edit source]
Origin: Xiphoid process (posterior surface), lower six ribs and their costal cartilage (inner surface) and upper three lumbar vertebrae as right crus and upper two lumbar vertebrae as left crus.
Insertion: central tendon
Nerve Supply: Motor nerve supply by Phrenic nerve (C3 C4 C5) and sensory supply by phrenic nerve to central tendon and lower 6 or 7 intercostal nerve to peripheral parts.
Intercostal muscles:[3][edit | edit source]
They are three types: External intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, and innermost intercostal muscles.
External intercostal muscles:
- Origin: inferior border of rib above and
- Insertion: superior border of rib below
Internal intercostal muscles:
- Origin: from the costal groove (lower part of inner surface of rib near the inferior border) of the rib above and
- Insertion: upper border of rib below
Innermost intercostal muscles:
- It is an incomplete muscle layer and crosses more than one intercostal space. These muscles assist in the function of external and internal intercostal muscles.
- Origin: from the costal groove of the rib above and
- Insertion: the superior border of rib below
Nerve supply: all the intercostal muscles are supplied by intercostal nerves
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Breathe Strong, Perform Better by Alison McConnell http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/learn-the-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-muscles-involved-in-breathing
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://voiceandalexandertechnique.eu/voice-anatomy/pharynx-and-larynx/muscles-involved-in-voice-production/muscles-of-respiration.html
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Snell's Clinical Anatomy http://teachinganatomy.blogspot.com/2013/07/respiratorymuscles.html
