Arterial Blood Gases: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:ABG.jpg|thumb|right|150x100px|Blood Gas Analyser]]Arterial blood gases (ABG's) is a blood test which is used to give an indication of ventilation, gas exchange and acid-base status and is taken from an arterial blood supply<ref name="Hough">Hough A. Physiotherapy in Respiratory Care. An evidence based-approach to respiratory and cardiac managemenmt. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas Ltd. 2001</ref>. It should be noted that it is not to be confused with venous blood gases which are used when arterial supply is not available or unreliable due to disease. The line in is usually interted in the radial artery located at the wrist but is also sometimes used in the femoral artery in the groin<ref name="Hough">Hough A. Physiotherapy in Respiratory Care. An evidence based-approach to respiratory and cardiac managemenmt. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas Ltd. 2001</ref>. This is important to consider when moving and handling a patient as it is easy to catch a line on an obect or clothing and care needs to be taken. | [[Image:ABG.jpg|thumb|right|150x100px|Blood Gas Analyser]]Arterial blood gases (ABG's) is a blood test which is used to give an indication of ventilation, gas exchange and acid-base status and is taken from an arterial blood supply<ref name="Hough">Hough A. Physiotherapy in Respiratory Care. An evidence based-approach to respiratory and cardiac managemenmt. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas Ltd. 2001</ref>. It should be noted that it is not to be confused with venous blood gases which are used when arterial supply is not available or unreliable due to disease. The line in is usually interted in the radial artery located at the wrist but is also sometimes used in the femoral artery in the groin<ref name="Hough">Hough A. Physiotherapy in Respiratory Care. An evidence based-approach to respiratory and cardiac managemenmt. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas Ltd. 2001</ref>. This is important to consider when moving and handling a patient as it is easy to catch a line on an obect or clothing and care needs to be taken. | ||
<br>It can be argued that one of the most important clinical uses of ABG analysis is to assess if a patient is in Type 1 or Type 2 respiratory failure and it is important that you become able to quickly and correctly interpret this. | <br>It can be argued that one of the most important clinical uses of ABG analysis is to assess if a patient is in Type 1 or Type 2 respiratory failure and it is important that you become able to quickly and correctly interpret this. | ||
== Readings == | == Readings == | ||
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<br> <u>'''Helpful guidelines<ref name="Stoeltin">Stoeltin RK, Miller RD. Basics of Anesthesia, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. 2007.</ref>'''</u><br> 1.A 1mmHg change in PaCO2 above or below 40 mmHg results in 0.008 unit change in pH in the opposite direction.<br> 2.The PaCO2 will decrease by about 1 mmHg for every 1 mEq/L reduction in [HCO3-] below 24 mEq/L<br> 3.A change in [HCO3-] of 10 mEq/L will result in a change in pH of approximately 0.15 pH units in the same direction.<br> | <br> <u>'''Helpful guidelines<ref name="Stoeltin">Stoeltin RK, Miller RD. Basics of Anesthesia, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. 2007.</ref>'''</u><br> 1.A 1mmHg change in PaCO2 above or below 40 mmHg results in 0.008 unit change in pH in the opposite direction.<br> 2.The PaCO2 will decrease by about 1 mmHg for every 1 mEq/L reduction in [HCO3-] below 24 mEq/L<br> 3.A change in [HCO3-] of 10 mEq/L will result in a change in pH of approximately 0.15 pH units in the same direction.<br> | ||
<br> | |||
The results should always be read and compared in reference to the patients previous ABG (if available) as you will then be able to assess a trend and make a more accurate assessment on whether you should treat or if your treatment has be successful or not. | |||
The results should always be read and compared in reference to the patients previous ABG (if available) as you will then be able to assess a trend and make a more accurate assessment on whether you should treat or if your treatment has be successful or not. | |||
== Useful Resources == | == Useful Resources == | ||
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*Oxygen Dissociation Cure | *Oxygen Dissociation Cure | ||
*Anemia | *Anemia | ||
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Respiratory_Failure Respiratory Failure] | *[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Respiratory_Failure Respiratory Failure] | ||
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Oxygen_Therapy Oxygen Therapy] | *[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Oxygen_Therapy Oxygen Therapy] | ||
== References<br> == | == References<br> == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Assessment]][[Category:Cardiopulmonary]] | |||
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Original Editor - Scott Buxton
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Arterial Blood Gases[edit | edit source]
Arterial blood gases (ABG's) is a blood test which is used to give an indication of ventilation, gas exchange and acid-base status and is taken from an arterial blood supply[1]. It should be noted that it is not to be confused with venous blood gases which are used when arterial supply is not available or unreliable due to disease. The line in is usually interted in the radial artery located at the wrist but is also sometimes used in the femoral artery in the groin[1]. This is important to consider when moving and handling a patient as it is easy to catch a line on an obect or clothing and care needs to be taken.
It can be argued that one of the most important clinical uses of ABG analysis is to assess if a patient is in Type 1 or Type 2 respiratory failure and it is important that you become able to quickly and correctly interpret this.
Readings[edit | edit source]
| Arterial Blood Analysis | Reference Ranges | Venous Blood analysis | Reference Ranges |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.35 - 7.45 | pH | 7.31 - 7.41 |
| PaO2 |
10.7 - 13.3 kPa |
PO2 |
5.0 - 5.6 kPa |
| PaCO2 | 4.7 - 6.0 kPa | PCO2 | 5.6 - 6.7 kPa |
|
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) |
22 - 26 mmol/L | ||
| Base Excess | -2 to +2 |
Helpful guidelines[3]
1.A 1mmHg change in PaCO2 above or below 40 mmHg results in 0.008 unit change in pH in the opposite direction.
2.The PaCO2 will decrease by about 1 mmHg for every 1 mEq/L reduction in [HCO3-] below 24 mEq/L
3.A change in [HCO3-] of 10 mEq/L will result in a change in pH of approximately 0.15 pH units in the same direction.
The results should always be read and compared in reference to the patients previous ABG (if available) as you will then be able to assess a trend and make a more accurate assessment on whether you should treat or if your treatment has be successful or not.
Useful Resources[edit | edit source]
Associated Topics[edit | edit source]
- Oxygen Dissociation Cure
- Anemia
- Respiratory Failure
- Oxygen Therapy
References
[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hough A. Physiotherapy in Respiratory Care. An evidence based-approach to respiratory and cardiac managemenmt. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas Ltd. 2001
- ↑ Kenyon K, Kenyon J. The Physiotherapist's Pocketbook. Essential Facts at your Fingertips. 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. 2009.
- ↑ Stoeltin RK, Miller RD. Basics of Anesthesia, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. 2007.
