Arm Squeeze Test: Difference between revisions
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== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
Arm Squeeze Test | Arm Squeeze Test is a clinical test used to distinguish cervical nerve root compression from shoulder disease in case of doubtful diagnosis.<ref name=":0" /> [[Compression|Nerve compression syndrome]] is typically agitated when the middle third of the upper arm is squeezed or compacted. | ||
== Clinical Relevant Anatomy == | == Clinical Relevant Anatomy == | ||
The Cervical Nerves are spinal nerves originating from the cervical vetebra. Through the [[Brachial plexus]], these nerves communicate via the cervico-axillary canal in the neck and armpit region. The cervical nerves are responsible for sensation and motor function of muscles, including the nerves that supply muscles in the arm. | The Cervical Nerves are spinal nerves originating from the cervical vetebra<ref>Joshua W, Vamsi R, Bruno B.Anatomy, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538136/ Head and Neck, Cervical Nerves]. StatPearls - NCBI. July 27, 2020. (Accessed on 7th October,2020) | ||
</ref>. Through the [[Brachial plexus]], these nerves communicate via the cervico-axillary canal in the neck and armpit region. The cervical nerves are responsible for sensation and motor function of muscles, including the nerves that supply muscles in the arm. | |||
These nerves can be compressed by internal and external causes, resulting to a cervical root compression. | These nerves can be compressed by internal and external causes, resulting to a cervical root compression. | ||
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== Purpose == | == Purpose == | ||
This is a new clinical test that may be useful to distinguish between [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Radiculopathy Cervical radiculopathy] from other shoulder related pathology<ref name=":0">Gumina, S., Carbone, S., Albino, P., Gurzi, M., & Postacchini, F. (2013). Arm Squeeze Test: a new clinical test to distinguish neck from shoulder pain. ''European Spine Journal'', ''22''(7), 1558–1563. | This is a new clinical test that may be useful to distinguish between [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Radiculopathy Cervical radiculopathy] from other shoulder related pathology<ref name=":0">Gumina, S., Carbone, S., Albino, P., Gurzi, M., & Postacchini, F. (2013). [[Arm Squeeze Test]]: a new clinical test to distinguish neck from shoulder pain. ''European Spine Journal'', ''22''(7), 1558–1563. </ref> | ||
== Technique == | == Technique == | ||
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* Squeezes the middle third of the patient's upper arm with thumb (examiner) on patient's triceps while the rest of the fingers is on the patient's biceps | * Squeezes the middle third of the patient's upper arm with thumb (examiner) on patient's triceps while the rest of the fingers is on the patient's biceps | ||
* With a moderate compression (5.9 to 8.1kg) | * With a moderate compression (5.9 to 8.1kg) | ||
It is positive if the patient reports 3 or higher on [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Visual_Analogue_Scale VAS] with pressure on middle third of upper arm compared with acromioclavicular joint and subacromial area.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Joshua | It is positive if the patient reports 3 or higher on [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Visual_Analogue_Scale VAS] with pressure on middle third of upper arm compared with acromioclavicular joint and subacromial area.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Joshua C, Shane K, Jonathan S (2015). ''Netter's Orthopaedic Clinical Examination, 3rd Edition Pg 122''</ref> | ||
{{#ev:youtube|rROAZDrAYUk}}<ref>Arm Squeeze Test | Cervical Nerve Root Compression, Youtube, 2017.</ref> | |||
This is a video illustrating how to perform the Arm squeeze test. | |||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
Revision as of 15:23, 7 October 2020
Original Editor - Fasuba Ayobami
Top Contributors - Anthonia Abraham, Kim Jackson, Vidya Acharya, Fasuba Ayobami, Claire Knott and George Prudden
Definition[edit | edit source]
Arm Squeeze Test is a clinical test used to distinguish cervical nerve root compression from shoulder disease in case of doubtful diagnosis.[1] Nerve compression syndrome is typically agitated when the middle third of the upper arm is squeezed or compacted.
Clinical Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The Cervical Nerves are spinal nerves originating from the cervical vetebra[2]. Through the Brachial plexus, these nerves communicate via the cervico-axillary canal in the neck and armpit region. The cervical nerves are responsible for sensation and motor function of muscles, including the nerves that supply muscles in the arm.
These nerves can be compressed by internal and external causes, resulting to a cervical root compression.
For more detailed information on anatomy of the Cervical nerves
Purpose[edit | edit source]
This is a new clinical test that may be useful to distinguish between Cervical radiculopathy from other shoulder related pathology[1]
Technique[edit | edit source]
- The examiner stands behind the patient
- Squeezes the middle third of the patient's upper arm with thumb (examiner) on patient's triceps while the rest of the fingers is on the patient's biceps
- With a moderate compression (5.9 to 8.1kg)
It is positive if the patient reports 3 or higher on VAS with pressure on middle third of upper arm compared with acromioclavicular joint and subacromial area.[1][3]
This is a video illustrating how to perform the Arm squeeze test.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
| Sensitivity | Specificity | Negative Likelihood ratios | Positive Likelihood ratios |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.96 (0.85 - 0.99) | 0.96 (0.87 - 0.99) | 24 (6.5 - 99) | 0.04 (0.01 - 0.17) |
Related Tests[edit | edit source]
Reference[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Gumina, S., Carbone, S., Albino, P., Gurzi, M., & Postacchini, F. (2013). Arm Squeeze Test: a new clinical test to distinguish neck from shoulder pain. European Spine Journal, 22(7), 1558–1563.
- ↑ Joshua W, Vamsi R, Bruno B.Anatomy, Head and Neck, Cervical Nerves. StatPearls - NCBI. July 27, 2020. (Accessed on 7th October,2020)
- ↑ Joshua C, Shane K, Jonathan S (2015). Netter's Orthopaedic Clinical Examination, 3rd Edition Pg 122
- ↑ Arm Squeeze Test | Cervical Nerve Root Compression, Youtube, 2017.
