2 Minute Walk Test: Difference between revisions

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== Intended Population  ==
== Intended Population  ==
The 2MWT has been used as an outcome measure in a variety of health conditions including [[COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)|COPD]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />, [[Amputations|lower limb amputation]]<ref>Brooks D, Parsons J, Hunter JP, Devlin M, Walker J. The 2-minute walk test as a measure of functional improvement in persons with lower limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2001: 82(10):1478-83
The 2MWT has been used as an outcome measure in a variety of health conditions (in adults as well as pediatric populations)<ref name=":7">[https://www.ejpn-journal.com/article/S1090-3798(18)30105-3/pdf J.W. Witherspoon, R. Vasavada, R.H. Logaraj et al. Two-minute versus 6-minute walk distances during 6-minute walk test in neuromuscular disease: Is the 2-minute walk test an effective alternative to a 6-minute walk test? European journal of Paediatric Neurology; 2019; 165-170]</ref> including
</ref>, [[Neuromuscular Disorders|neuromuscular disease]]<ref name=":2" /> in adults as well as pediatric population<ref name=":7">[https://www.ejpn-journal.com/article/S1090-3798(18)30105-3/pdf J.W. Witherspoon, R. Vasavada, R.H. Logaraj et al. Two-minute versus 6-minute walk distances during 6-minute walk test in neuromuscular disease: Is the 2-minute walk test an effective alternative to a 6-minute walk test? European journal of Paediatric Neurology; 2019; 165-170]</ref>, [[Cardiovascular Disease|cardiac disease]]<ref name=":5" />, functionally restrictive conditions like cystic fibrosis<ref>Upton CJ, Tyrrell JC, Hiller EJ. Two minute walking distance in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:1444e8.</ref> and the elderly<ref name=":1">Selman, JPR, de Camargi AA, Santos J, Lanza FC, Dal Corso S. [http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/respcare/59/4/525.full.pdf Reference Equation for the 2-Minute Walk Test in Adults and the Elderly]. Respir Care. 2014; 59 (4): 525-530. Accessed 19 February 2019.
 
* Functionally restrictive conditions eg [[Cystic Fibrosis|cystic fibrosis]]<ref>Upton CJ, Tyrrell JC, Hiller EJ. Two minute walking distance in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:1444e8.</ref> [[COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)|COPD]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />
* [[Amputations|Lower limb amputation]]<ref>Brooks D, Parsons J, Hunter JP, Devlin M, Walker J. The 2-minute walk test as a measure of functional improvement in persons with lower limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2001: 82(10):1478-83
</ref>
* [[Neuromuscular Disorders|Neuromuscular disease]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[Cardiovascular Disease|Cardiac disease]]<ref name=":5" />
* [[Older People Introduction|Elderl]]<nowiki/>y<ref name=":1">Selman, JPR, de Camargi AA, Santos J, Lanza FC, Dal Corso S. [http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/respcare/59/4/525.full.pdf Reference Equation for the 2-Minute Walk Test in Adults and the Elderly]. Respir Care. 2014; 59 (4): 525-530. Accessed 19 February 2019.
</ref>, including those in long term care<ref>Connelly DM, Thomas BK, Cliffe SJ, Perry WM, Smith RE. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41623570_Clinical_Utility_of_the_2-Minute_Walk_Test_for_Older_Adults_Living_in_Long-Term_Care Clinical utility of the 2-Minute Walk Test for older adults living in long-term care.] Physiother Can. 2009; 61(2):78-87.</ref>.
</ref>, including those in long term care<ref>Connelly DM, Thomas BK, Cliffe SJ, Perry WM, Smith RE. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41623570_Clinical_Utility_of_the_2-Minute_Walk_Test_for_Older_Adults_Living_in_Long-Term_Care Clinical utility of the 2-Minute Walk Test for older adults living in long-term care.] Physiother Can. 2009; 61(2):78-87.</ref>.


== Method of Use  ==
== General Information ==
PROCEDURE:
Individual walks without assistance for 2 minutes and the distance is measured


The 2MWT is a simple measure of the distance a person can walk in two minutes. Rest breaks are allowed if needed. The person is encouraged to walk as fast as they can, safely, for two minutes.
* start timing when the individual is instructed to “Go”
* stop timing at 2 minutes
* assistive devices can be used but should be kept consistent and documented from test to test


Walking aids can be used as needed e.g. for elderly people with a record made of walking aid used.  
* if physical assistance is required to walk, this should not be performed
* a measuring wheel is helpful to determine distance walked
* should be performed at the fastest speed possible
* Rest breaks are allowed if needed.


If Assistive devices are used , they should be kept consistent and documented from test to test.
The person is encouraged to walk as fast as they can, safely, for two minutes.<ref name=":8">sralab 2 Minute Walking test Available: https://www.sralab.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/2%20Minute%20Walk%20Test%20Instructions.pdf (accessed 7.10.20210</ref>


EQUIPMENT: A clear course such as a hallway with cones or similar to mark an approximately 15m "out and back" course<ref name=":6">Bohannon RW. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5890237/ Normative reference values for the two-minute walk test derived by meta-analysis]. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Dec; 29(12): 2224–2227. Accessed 25 February 2019.</ref>, stopwatch, pen and paper or a device to record distance walked and any other observations e.g BORG scale.
== Equipment ==
A clear course such as a hallway with cones or similar to mark an approximately 15m "out and back" course<ref name=":6">Bohannon RW. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5890237/ Normative reference values for the two-minute walk test derived by meta-analysis]. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Dec; 29(12): 2224–2227. Accessed 25 February 2019.</ref>, stopwatch, pen and paper or a device to record distance walked and any other observations e.g BORG scale.


INSTRUCTIONS:
== Intructions ==
 
“Cover as much ground as possible over 2 minutes. Walk continuously if possible, but do not be concerned if you need to slow down or stop to rest. The goal is to feel at the end of the test that more ground could not have been covered in the 2 minutes.” <ref name=":8" /> The observer then gives encouragement after the first minute with standardised responses: "You're doing well" and "One minute left"<ref name=":1" />.
Commands given are based on those of the 6MWT: before the participant starts walking the observer advises them to "Cover as much ground as possible without running" or "Walk as fast as possible"<ref name=":6" /> and to take a rest break if needed, '''but do not stop the timer'''. The observer then gives encouragement after the first minute with standardised responses: "You're doing well" and "One minute left"<ref name=":1" />.


The 2MWT requires two practice walks before it is measured due to a training effect<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />.
The 2MWT requires two practice walks before it is measured due to a training effect<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />.
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== Evidence  ==
== Evidence  ==


=== Reliability ===
# Reliability: Studies have shown that the 2MWT is consistently reproducible<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />.
Studies have shown that the 2MWT is consistently reproducible<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />.
# Validity: The 2MWT shows good construct validity with similar walking measures. The 2MWT correlates highly with the six and 12 minute walk tests indicating they are similar measures of [[gait]] and [[Exercise Physiology|exercise tolerance]] in population-based samples<ref name=":3" /> and those with respiratory disease<ref name=":0" /> or [[MS Multiple Sclerosis|Multiple Sclerosis]]<ref name=":2">Scalzitti DA, Harwood KJ, Maring JR, Leach SJ, Ruckert EA, Costello E. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6107337/ Validation of the 2-Minute Walk Test with the 6-Minute Walk Test and other functional measures in persons with Multiple Sclerosis]. Int J MS Care. 2018; 20(4): 158–163. Accessed 19 February 2019.
 
</ref>. A study conducted in Pediatric population with neuromuscular disorders showed that the 2 MWT had strong correlations with Motor Function Measure-32 and Timed Functional test and can be used interchangebly with 6MWT<ref name=":7" />.
=== Validity ===
# Responsiveness: Research shows the 2MWT does not discriminate as well as the longer six and 12 minute walk tests in subjects with [[Respiratory Disorders|respiratory disease]]<ref name=":0" />.
The 2MWT shows good construct validity with similar walking measures. The 2MWT correlates highly with the six and 12 minute walk tests indicating they are similar measures of [[gait]] and [[Exercise Physiology|exercise tolerance]] in population-based samples<ref name=":3" /> and those with respiratory disease<ref name=":0" /> or [[MS Multiple Sclerosis|Multiple Sclerosis]]<ref name=":2">Scalzitti DA, Harwood KJ, Maring JR, Leach SJ, Ruckert EA, Costello E. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6107337/ Validation of the 2-Minute Walk Test with the 6-Minute Walk Test and other functional measures in persons with Multiple Sclerosis]. Int J MS Care. 2018; 20(4): 158–163. Accessed 19 February 2019.
#* One study reported a minimum detectable change for the distance walked (DW) in the 2MWT was 42.5m<ref name=":3">Bohannon RW, Wang Y, Gershon RC. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269177497_Two-Minute_Walk_Test_2MWT_Performance_by_Adults_18-85_Years_Normative_Values_Reliability_and_Responsiveness Two-Minute Walk Test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: normative values, reliability, and responsiveness]. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2015; 96:472-7. Accessed 19 February 2019.</ref>.
</ref>.
#* In subjects with COPD undergoing [[Pulmonary Rehabilitation|pulmonary rehabilitation]], a clinically meaningful change of 5.5m in distance walked has been reported<ref name=":4">Johnston KN, Potter AJ, Phillips AC. [https://www.dovepress.com/minimal-important-difference-and-responsiveness-of-2-minute-walk-test--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-COPD Minimal important difference and responsiveness of 2-minute walk test performance in people with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation]. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017:12 2849–2857. Accessed 19 February 2019.
 
A study conducted in Pediatric population with neuromuscular disorders showed that the 2 MWT had strong correlations with Motor Function Measure-32 and Timed Functional test and can be used interchangebly with 6MWT<ref name=":7" />.
 
=== Responsiveness ===
Research shows the 2MWT does not discriminate as well as the longer six and 12 minute walk tests in subjects with respiratory disease<ref name=":0" />.
 
One study reported a minimum detectable change for the distance walked (DW) in the 2MWT was 42.5m<ref name=":3">Bohannon RW, Wang Y, Gershon RC. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269177497_Two-Minute_Walk_Test_2MWT_Performance_by_Adults_18-85_Years_Normative_Values_Reliability_and_Responsiveness Two-Minute Walk Test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: normative values, reliability, and responsiveness]. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2015; 96:472-7. Accessed 19 February 2019.</ref>.
 
In subjects with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation, a clinically meaningful change of 5.5m in DW has been reported<ref name=":4">Johnston KN, Potter AJ, Phillips AC. [https://www.dovepress.com/minimal-important-difference-and-responsiveness-of-2-minute-walk-test--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-COPD Minimal important difference and responsiveness of 2-minute walk test performance in people with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation]. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017:12 2849–2857. Accessed 19 February 2019.
</ref>.
</ref>.
#* A study of subjects post  [[Coronary Artery Bypass Graft|coronary artery bypass grafts]] demonstrated that the 2MWT was sensitive to change but could not discriminate between those who developed cardiac or respiratory complications and those who did not<ref name=":5">Brooks D, Parsons J, Tran D, Jeng B, Gorczyca B, Newton J, Lo V, Dear C, Silaj E, Hawn T. [https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(04)00280-1/pdf The two-minute walk test as a measure of functional capacity in cardiac surgery patients]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85: 1525-30. Accessed 23 February 2019.</ref>.


A study of subjects post cardiac surgery (for coronary artery bypass grafts) demonstrated that the 2MWT was sensitive to change but could not discriminate between those who developed cardiac or respiratory complications and those who did not<ref name=":5">Brooks D, Parsons J, Tran D, Jeng B, Gorczyca B, Newton J, Lo V, Dear C, Silaj E, Hawn T. [https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(04)00280-1/pdf The two-minute walk test as a measure of functional capacity in cardiac surgery patients]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85: 1525-30. Accessed 23 February 2019.</ref>.
=== Normative Data<span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal;" class="Apple-style-span"></span>  ===
Age and gender explain 51% of variance in the distance walked in the 2MWT<ref name=":1" />, i.e. older age and female gender are associated with shorter distances walker.  


=== Normative Data<span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal;" class="Apple-style-span"></span>  ===
Studies findings
Age and gender explain 51% of variance in the distance walked in the 2MWT<ref name=":1" />, i.e. older age and female gender are associated with shorter distances walker. Other studies have found some correlation between DW and height, weight, age and gender<ref name=":3" />.


One study<ref name=":1" /> has shown that subjects reached 70% of their maximum heart rate which was comparable with similar testing of the 6MWT. Authors hypothesised that this could suggest that a steady state of exertion is reached after only a short period of walking, as both the two and six minute walk tests are self-paced. So the 2MWT is a useful measure instead of the 6MWT if it is not practical to perform.
* Correlations between DW and height, weight, age and gender<ref name=":3" />.
* Subjects reached 70% of their maximum heart rate which was comparable with similar testing of the 6MWT. This could suggest that a steady state of exertion is reached after only a short period of walking, as both the two and six minute walk tests are self-paced (ie 2MWT is a useful measure instead of the 6MWT if it is not practical to perform)<ref name=":1" />.


A 2017 meta-analysis<ref name=":6" /> pooled data from four studies to produce the following normative values however the authors recommended further research is needed in multiple nations and populations to add more value to the 2MWT. 
Normative Values 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Data from Bohannon (2017)<ref name=":6" />
|+Data from Bohannon (2017)<ref name=":6" />
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|}   
|}   


- One study<ref name=":1" /> has described, with evidence, an equation to predict the DW, regardless of health condition. It takes into account age and gender. The equation is 2MWTpredicted􏰆 = 252.583 􏰄- (1.165 􏰅x age) +􏰈 (19.987 x􏰅 gender*), where * is male=􏰆 1 and female= 0<ref name=":1" />.
Researchers have reported on equations for children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years<ref>Bohannon RW, Wang Y, Bubela D, Gershon RC. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313018726_Normative_Two-Minute_Walk_Test_Distances_for_Boys_and_Girls_3_to_17_Years_of_Age Normative Two-Minute Walk Test distances for boys and girls 3 to 17 years of age]. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2018; 38:1, 39-45. Accessed 23 February 2019.</ref>:  
 
- Another study<ref name=":3" /> used the following equations for men and women, respectively, with normative values available [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269177497_Two-Minute_Walk_Test_2MWT_Performance_by_Adults_18-85_Years_Normative_Values_Reliability_and_Responsiveness here].
 
Men: 2MWTpredicted = 279.096 - (0.998 x age) - (1.426 x BMI)
 
Women: 2MWTpredicted = 257.177 - (0.723 x age) - (1.688 x BMI)
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki>where BMI is Body Mass Index where weight (in kilogram) divided by height (in metres) squared
 
- A third study<ref>Zhang J, Chen X, Huang S, Wang Y, Lin W, Zhou R, Zou H. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085060/ Two-minute walk test: Reference equations for healthy adults in China]. PLoS One. 2018; 13(8): e0201988. Published online 2018 Aug 9. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201988. Accessed 23 February 2019.
</ref> has reported on normative values for healthy Chinese adults aged 18-85 years old (see [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085060/ here]) using the following equations:
 
Male: 2MWD(m)=123.252−[age(yr)×0.699]+[height(cm)×0.711]
 
Female:2MWD(m)=108.278−[age(yr)×0.691]+[height(cm)×0.698]
 
- A fourth study<ref>Priya TK, Verma S. [https://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.178.pdf A study to determine the reference values for Two Minute Walk Distance in healthy Indian adults]. Int J Physiother Res 2015, Vol 3(5):1208-14. Accessed 25 February 2019.</ref> reported an average WD of 182.69 + 32.40 metres in healthy Indian adults (20-80 years, n= 300). The authors found that there was no significant difference between different age strata. The authors did not report separate means for men and women but did note that men walked further than women, in general.
 
-Researchers have also more recently reported on equations for children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years<ref>Bohannon RW, Wang Y, Bubela D, Gershon RC. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313018726_Normative_Two-Minute_Walk_Test_Distances_for_Boys_and_Girls_3_to_17_Years_of_Age Normative Two-Minute Walk Test distances for boys and girls 3 to 17 years of age]. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2018; 38:1, 39-45. Accessed 23 February 2019.</ref>:
 
For boys; 39.69 + 16.11(age) - 0.58(age squared) + 53.56(height) - 0.54(body mass)


For girls; 56.56 + 18.04(age) - 0.67(age squared) - 0.64(body mass) + 36.08(height)   
* For boys; 39.69 + 16.11(age) - 0.58(age squared) + 53.56(height) - 0.54(body mass)
* For girls; 56.56 + 18.04(age) - 0.67(age squared) - 0.64(body mass) + 36.08(height)   


== Clinical Significance of 2 MWT: ==
== Clinical Significance of 2 MWT: ==
IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION :
Pediatric Population
# The 2MWT is of shorter duration, objective, easily administered, and provides a standardized evaluation of functional capacity in populations with reduced ambulatory capability in adults with neuromuscular disease<ref>Rossier P, Wade DT. Validity and reliability comparison of 4 mobility measures in patients presenting with neurologic impairment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:9e13.</ref>. This format of the test helps in neurologically affected children with behavioral problems, limited ambulatory capacity, lower muscular strength and increased fatigue levels lower cognition levels to test their functional capacity<ref name=":7" />
# The 2MWT is of shorter duration, objective, easily administered, and provides a standardized evaluation of functional capacity in populations with reduced ambulatory capability in adults with neuromuscular disease<ref>Rossier P, Wade DT. Validity and reliability comparison of 4 mobility measures in patients presenting with neurologic impairment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:9e13.</ref>. This format of the test helps in neurologically affected children with behavioral problems, limited ambulatory capacity, lower muscular strength and increased fatigue levels lower cognition levels to test their functional capacity<ref name=":7" />
# It is an easy-to-implement measure to establish a baseline level of impairment, monitor disease progression and evaluate the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions in children with significant illness.
# It is an easy-to-implement measure to establish a baseline level of impairment, monitor disease progression and evaluate the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions in children with significant illness.
IN ADULT POPULATION:
Adult Population
# It can used in the aged population, individuals with lower extremity amputations, cystic fibrosis, traumatic brain injury, and neurological disorders as a measure of endurance.
# It can used in the aged population, individuals with lower extremity amputations, cystic fibrosis, traumatic brain injury, and neurological disorders as a measure of endurance.
# It is used as a measure of gait speed, aerobic capacity in patients who are unable to complete 6MWT.
# It is used as a measure of gait speed, aerobic capacity in patients who are unable to complete 6MWT.

Revision as of 05:43, 7 October 2021

Original Editor - Ammar Suhail Top Contributors - Lauren Lopez, Kim Jackson, Jeremy Bryan, Ewa Jaraczewska, Rucha Gadgil, George Prudden, Lucinda hampton, Oyemi Sillo, Ammar Suhail and Yvonne Yap  

Objective[edit | edit source]

The Two/2 Minute Walk Test (2MWT) is a measure of self-paced walking ability and functional capacity[1], particularly for those who cannot manage the longer Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) or 12 Minute Walk Test.

Intended Population[edit | edit source]

The 2MWT has been used as an outcome measure in a variety of health conditions (in adults as well as pediatric populations)[2] including

General Information[edit | edit source]

Individual walks without assistance for 2 minutes and the distance is measured

  • start timing when the individual is instructed to “Go”
  • stop timing at 2 minutes
  • assistive devices can be used but should be kept consistent and documented from test to test
  • if physical assistance is required to walk, this should not be performed
  • a measuring wheel is helpful to determine distance walked
  • should be performed at the fastest speed possible
  • Rest breaks are allowed if needed.

The person is encouraged to walk as fast as they can, safely, for two minutes.[10]

Equipment[edit | edit source]

A clear course such as a hallway with cones or similar to mark an approximately 15m "out and back" course[11], stopwatch, pen and paper or a device to record distance walked and any other observations e.g BORG scale.

Intructions[edit | edit source]

“Cover as much ground as possible over 2 minutes. Walk continuously if possible, but do not be concerned if you need to slow down or stop to rest. The goal is to feel at the end of the test that more ground could not have been covered in the 2 minutes.” [10] The observer then gives encouragement after the first minute with standardised responses: "You're doing well" and "One minute left"[8].

The 2MWT requires two practice walks before it is measured due to a training effect[1][8][12].

[13]

Evidence[edit | edit source]

  1. Reliability: Studies have shown that the 2MWT is consistently reproducible[1][8][12].
  2. Validity: The 2MWT shows good construct validity with similar walking measures. The 2MWT correlates highly with the six and 12 minute walk tests indicating they are similar measures of gait and exercise tolerance in population-based samples[12] and those with respiratory disease[1] or Multiple Sclerosis[6]. A study conducted in Pediatric population with neuromuscular disorders showed that the 2 MWT had strong correlations with Motor Function Measure-32 and Timed Functional test and can be used interchangebly with 6MWT[2].
  3. Responsiveness: Research shows the 2MWT does not discriminate as well as the longer six and 12 minute walk tests in subjects with respiratory disease[1].
    • One study reported a minimum detectable change for the distance walked (DW) in the 2MWT was 42.5m[12].
    • In subjects with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation, a clinically meaningful change of 5.5m in distance walked has been reported[4].
    • A study of subjects post coronary artery bypass grafts demonstrated that the 2MWT was sensitive to change but could not discriminate between those who developed cardiac or respiratory complications and those who did not[7].

Normative Data[edit | edit source]

Age and gender explain 51% of variance in the distance walked in the 2MWT[8], i.e. older age and female gender are associated with shorter distances walker.

Studies findings

  • Correlations between DW and height, weight, age and gender[12].
  • Subjects reached 70% of their maximum heart rate which was comparable with similar testing of the 6MWT. This could suggest that a steady state of exertion is reached after only a short period of walking, as both the two and six minute walk tests are self-paced (ie 2MWT is a useful measure instead of the 6MWT if it is not practical to perform)[8].

Normative Values

Data from Bohannon (2017)[11]
Gender Age

(years)

Mean Distance with Standard Error

(metres)

Male 20-29 217.9 (5.4)
30-39 202.1 (3.0)
40-49 192.1 (2.7)
50-59 189.8 (2.6)
60-69 183.0 (7.0)
70-79 163.1 (5.3)
Female 20-29 194.1 (8.4)
30-39 181.4 (1.7)
40-49 180.7 (10.4)
50-59 169.1 (10.0)
60-69 163.7 (6.9)
70-79 150.3 (1.3)

Researchers have reported on equations for children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years[14]:

  • For boys; 39.69 + 16.11(age) - 0.58(age squared) + 53.56(height) - 0.54(body mass)
  • For girls; 56.56 + 18.04(age) - 0.67(age squared) - 0.64(body mass) + 36.08(height)

Clinical Significance of 2 MWT:[edit | edit source]

Pediatric Population

  1. The 2MWT is of shorter duration, objective, easily administered, and provides a standardized evaluation of functional capacity in populations with reduced ambulatory capability in adults with neuromuscular disease[15]. This format of the test helps in neurologically affected children with behavioral problems, limited ambulatory capacity, lower muscular strength and increased fatigue levels lower cognition levels to test their functional capacity[2]
  2. It is an easy-to-implement measure to establish a baseline level of impairment, monitor disease progression and evaluate the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions in children with significant illness.

Adult Population

  1. It can used in the aged population, individuals with lower extremity amputations, cystic fibrosis, traumatic brain injury, and neurological disorders as a measure of endurance.
  2. It is used as a measure of gait speed, aerobic capacity in patients who are unable to complete 6MWT.

Resources[edit | edit source]

2 Minute Walk Test Shirley Ryan Ability Lab.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Butland RJ, Pang J, Gross ER, Woodcock AA, Geddes DM. Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982. 29; 284(6329): 1607–1608. Accessed 19 February 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 J.W. Witherspoon, R. Vasavada, R.H. Logaraj et al. Two-minute versus 6-minute walk distances during 6-minute walk test in neuromuscular disease: Is the 2-minute walk test an effective alternative to a 6-minute walk test? European journal of Paediatric Neurology; 2019; 165-170
  3. ↑ Upton CJ, Tyrrell JC, Hiller EJ. Two minute walking distance in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:1444e8.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Johnston KN, Potter AJ, Phillips AC. Minimal important difference and responsiveness of 2-minute walk test performance in people with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017:12 2849–2857. Accessed 19 February 2019.
  5. ↑ Brooks D, Parsons J, Hunter JP, Devlin M, Walker J. The 2-minute walk test as a measure of functional improvement in persons with lower limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2001: 82(10):1478-83
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Scalzitti DA, Harwood KJ, Maring JR, Leach SJ, Ruckert EA, Costello E. Validation of the 2-Minute Walk Test with the 6-Minute Walk Test and other functional measures in persons with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2018; 20(4): 158–163. Accessed 19 February 2019.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Brooks D, Parsons J, Tran D, Jeng B, Gorczyca B, Newton J, Lo V, Dear C, Silaj E, Hawn T. The two-minute walk test as a measure of functional capacity in cardiac surgery patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85: 1525-30. Accessed 23 February 2019.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Selman, JPR, de Camargi AA, Santos J, Lanza FC, Dal Corso S. Reference Equation for the 2-Minute Walk Test in Adults and the Elderly. Respir Care. 2014; 59 (4): 525-530. Accessed 19 February 2019.
  9. ↑ Connelly DM, Thomas BK, Cliffe SJ, Perry WM, Smith RE. Clinical utility of the 2-Minute Walk Test for older adults living in long-term care. Physiother Can. 2009; 61(2):78-87.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 sralab 2 Minute Walking test Available: https://www.sralab.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/2%20Minute%20Walk%20Test%20Instructions.pdf (accessed 7.10.20210
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bohannon RW. Normative reference values for the two-minute walk test derived by meta-analysis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Dec; 29(12): 2224–2227. Accessed 25 February 2019.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Bohannon RW, Wang Y, Gershon RC. Two-Minute Walk Test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: normative values, reliability, and responsiveness. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2015; 96:472-7. Accessed 19 February 2019.
  13. ↑ Mac ICU Rehab. 2 Minute Walk Test Tutorial. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhgQw7hd_RY
  14. ↑ Bohannon RW, Wang Y, Bubela D, Gershon RC. Normative Two-Minute Walk Test distances for boys and girls 3 to 17 years of age. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2018; 38:1, 39-45. Accessed 23 February 2019.
  15. ↑ Rossier P, Wade DT. Validity and reliability comparison of 4 mobility measures in patients presenting with neurologic impairment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:9e13.
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