10 Metre Walk Test
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Objective
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The 10 Metre Walk Test is a performance measure used to assess walking speed in metres per second over a short distance. It can be employed to determine functional mobility, gait and vestibular function.
Intended Population
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Preschool children (2-5 years), children (6-12 years), adolescents (13-17 years), adults (18-64 years), alderly adults (65+) with a range of diagnoses including:
- Acquired Brain Injury
- Geriatrics
- Hip Fracture
- Lower Limb Amputation
- Movement Disorders
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Stroke
- Traumatic Brain Injury
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
Equipment Required
- Stopwatch
- A clear pathway with set distance (6, 8, 10 metres in length depending on distance tested)
Set Up
Measure and mark a 10-metre walkway
- Add a mark at 2-metres
- Add a mark at 8-metres
Instructions
- The individual walks without assistance for 10 metres, with the time measured for the intermediate 6 metres to allow for acceleration and deceleration
- Assistive devices may be used, but must be kept consistent and documented for each test
- Start timing when the toes pass the 2 metre mark
- Stop timing when the toes pass the 8 metre mark
- Can be tested at either preferred walking speed or maximum walking speed (ensure to document which was tested)
- Perform three trials and calculate the average of three trials
Patient Instructions
Normal comfortable speed: “I will say ready, set, go. When I say go, walk at your normal comfortable speed until I say stop”
- Maximum speed trials: “I will say ready, set, go. When I say go, walk as fast as you safely can until I say stop”
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
Test-Retest Reliability
Children with Neuromuscular Disease:
(n = 29; mean age = 11.5 (3.5) years (6-16), Children with Neuromuscular Disease)
- Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91) [1]
Healthy Adults:
- Excellent test-retest reliability for comfortable gait speed (r = 0.75 - 0.90) [2]
- Excellent test-retest reliability for comfortable and fastest gait speeds (ICC = 0.93 - 0.91) [3]
Hip Fracture:
- Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.823 with 95% CI = 0.565 to 0.934) [4]
Parkinson’s Disease or Parkinsonism:
- Excellent test-retest reliability for comfortable gait speed (ICC = 0.96)
- [5] Excellent test-retest reliability for maximum gait speed (ICC = 0.97)
SCI:
- [6]Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.97)
- [7]Excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.983)
Stroke:
(n = 25; mean age = 72 years; stroke onset = 2 to 6 years, Chronic Stroke)
Test-retest assessed three times within a single session:
- [8] Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95 to 0.99)
- [9] Excellent reliability for comfortable (ICC = 0.94) and fast (ICC = 0.97) gait speeds
TBI:
- [10] Excellent between day reliability at comfortable (ICC = 0.95) and fast speeds (ICC = 0.96)
- [2] Excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.97 - 0.99)
Interrater/Intrarater Reliability
Healthy Adults:
(n = 28 healthy adults; mean age = 56.43 (13.82) years; Healthy Adults)
- Excellent interrater reliability; (ICC = 0.980) [11]
SCI:
- Excellent intrarater reliability (r = 0.983, p < 0.001)
- Excellent interrater reliability (r = 0.974, p < 0.001)
- Bland-Altman plots indicate reliability Excellent when completed in under 40 seconds, but reliability decreases with marginal walkers requiring > 40 seconds to complete [12]
(Scivoletto et al, 2011; n = 37; median age = 58.5 (range 19 - 77) years; median time from onset = 24 (range 6 - 109) months; AIS D = 35, C = 2; Median WISCI = 16, utilized 2 methods, measured 10 m with a static start and measured middle 10 m of 14 m walkway to include acceleration and deceleration, Chronic SCI)
For both methods:
- Excellent interrater reliability (ICC > 0.95)
- Excellent intrarater reliability (ICC > 0.98) [13]
Stroke:
- Excellent intrarater reliability; ICC = 0.87 to 0.88 [8]
(Wolf et al, 1999; n = 28 with history of stroke; mean age = 56.04 (12.80) years; mean time since lesion = 13.59 (12.30) months, Chronic Stroke)
- Excellent interrater reliability; (ICC = 0.998) [11]
TBI:
(Tyson & Connell, 2009; review of seventeen measures; n = 12 mobile TBI patients, TBI)
- Excellent interrater reliability (ICC = 0.99) [14]
Validity[edit | edit source]
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
Miscellaneous
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Links[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ Pirpiris, M., Wilkinson, A., et al. "Walking speed in children and young adults with neuromuscular disease: comparison between two assessment methods." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 2003 23(3): 302
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Watson, M. J. "Refining the ten-metre walking test for use with neurologically impaired people." Physiotherapy 2002 88(7): 386-397
- ↑ Bohannon, R. W. "Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants." Age Ageing 1997 26(1): 15-19
- ↑ Hollman, J. H., Beckman, B. A., et al. "Minimum detectable change in gait velocity during acute rehabilitation following hip fracture." J Geriatr Phys There 2008 31(2): 53-56
- ↑ Steffen, T. and Seney, M. "Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism." Physical Therapy 2008 88(6): 733-746
- ↑ Bowden, M. G. and Behrman, A. L. "Step Activity Monitor: accuracy and test-retest reliability in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury." J Rehabil Res Dev 2007 44(3): 355-362
- ↑ Lam, T., Noonan, V., et al. "A systematic review of functional ambulation outcome measures in spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord 2007 46(4): 246-254
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Collen, F., Wade, D., et al. "Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability." Disability &amp;amp;amp;amp; Rehabilitation 1990 12(1): 6-9 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Collen et al" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Flansbjer, U. B., Holmback, A. M., et al. "Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke." J Rehabil Med 2005 37(2): 75-82
- ↑ van Loo, M. A., Moseley, A. M., et al. "Test-re-test reliability of walking speed, step length and step width measurement after traumatic brain injury: a pilot study." Brain Inj 2004 18(10): 1041-1048
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Wolf, S. L., Catlin, P. A., et al. "Establishing the reliability and validity of measurements of walking time using the Emory Functional Ambulation Profile." Phys There 1999 79(12): 1122-1133 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Wolf et al" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ van Hedel, H. J., Wirz, M., et al. "Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86(2): 190-196
- ↑ Scivoletto, G., Tamburella, F., et al. "Validity and reliability of the 10-m walk test and the 6-min walk test in spinal cord injury patients." Spinal Cord 2011 49(6): 736-740.
- ↑ Tyson, S. and Connell, L. "The psychometric properties and clinical utility of measures of walking and mobility in neurological conditions: a systematic review." Clin Rehabil 2009 23(11): 1018-1033
