Chiari Malformations
Original Editor - Wendy Walker
Lead Editors
Clinically Relevant Anatomy
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Chiari malformations are a group of defects associated with congential caudal 'displacement' of the cerebellum and brainstem[1].
They are named after Hans Chiari, the pathologist who first described the whole group of malformations.
Types of Chiari Malformations
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Chiari I[edit | edit source]
This is the most common variant.
Peg-like cerebellar tonsils are displaced into the upper cervical canal through the foramen magnum.
Radiologically if a person has a 5mm or more herniation below the foramen magnum it is classified as Chiari type I
Chiari 1.5[edit | edit source]
Described in the literature as both a condition in its own right as well as a variant of Chiari I malformation
Chiari II[edit | edit source]
AKA Arnold Chiari Malformation.
Displacement of the medulla, fourth ventricle and cerebellum through the foramen magnum.
Usually with associated with a lumbosacral spinal myelomeningocoele.
Chiari III[edit | edit source]
Features similar to Chiari II but with an occipital and/or high cervical encephalocoele.
Chiari IV[edit | edit source]
The most severe variant.
Severe cerebellar hypoplasia without displacement of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum.
Thought likely to be a variation of cerebellar hypoplasia.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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Key Evidence[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ Koehler PJ. Chiari's description of cerebellar ectopy (1891). With a summary of Cleland's and Arnold's contributions and some early observations on neural-tube defects. J Neurosurg. Nov 1991;75(5):823-6
