Tethered Cord Syndrome: Difference between revisions
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add text here relating to '''''clinically relevant''''' anatomy of the condition<br> | add text here relating to '''''clinically relevant''''' anatomy of the condition<br> | ||
== Etiology / | == Etiology / Pathophysiology<br> == | ||
add text here relating to the mechanism of injury and/or pathology of the condition<br> | add text here relating to the mechanism of injury and/or pathology of the condition<br> | ||
Revision as of 16:55, 8 May 2017
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Introduction
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Etiology / Pathophysiology
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Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Tethered cord syndrome is usually diagnosed only after the onset of signs and symptoms or found incidentally when looking for unrelated problems[1]. Due to this, the true incidence and prevalence in the general population is not known[1]. However, onset of symptoms seems to appear more commonly in childhood than in adulthood[2].
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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There are many spinal disorders that share similar signs and symptoms as tethered cord syndrome especially in adult onset TCS. These include any condition that results in back and leg pain, motor and sensory deficits or incontinence such as: disc disease, spondylolisthesis, spine diseases, spinal cord disorders, peripheral nerve disease and herniated discs[3]. Yamada and Lonser[3] provide some key characteristics of TCS to look for to help differentiate between some spinal disorders and TCS:
• Motor and Sensory deficits will not follow a normal myotomal/dermatomal pattern.
• Coughing and sneezing will not aggravate the pain.
• Lying supine will not make the pain better.
• Straight leg raising will not aggravate the pain.
Other conditions that could present with similar signs and symptoms include[4]:
Spinal cord tumors: depending on location of the tumor, there could be pain, motor and sensory deficits and in rare cases bladder control could be affected[5].
Peripheral Neuropathy: Damage to the peripheral nerves can lead to pain, altered sensation and weakness[6].
Myelopathy: This term describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord and includes a wide variety of spinal conditions including: spinal cord compression, spondylosis and damage due to inflammation or lack of blood supply[7].
Key Evidence[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research[edit | edit source]
References
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bui C, Tubbs R, Oakes W. Tethered cord syndrome in children: a review. Neurosurgical Focus. 2007;23(2):1-9. DOI: 10.3171/foc.2007.23.2.2
- ↑ Pang D, Wilberger J. Tethered cord syndrome in adults. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1982;57(1):32-47. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1982.57.1.0032
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yamada S, Lonser R. Adult Tethered Cord Syndrome. Journal of Spinal Disorders. 2000;13(4):319-323. PMID:10941891
- ↑ Tethered Cord Syndrome. [Internet]. NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2017 [cited 7 May 2017]. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/tethered-cord-syndrome/
- ↑ Balériaux D. Spinal cord tumors. European Radiology. 1999;9(7):1252-1258. DOI: 10.1007/s003300050831
- ↑ Hughes R. Regular review: Peripheral neuropathy. BMJ. 2002;324(7335):466-469. PMID: 11859051
- ↑ Seidenwurm D. Myelopathy. American journal of neuroradiology. 2008 [cited 7 May 2017];29(5):1032-1034. PMID: 18477657
