What is Health?: Difference between revisions
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The immense value of health to human life has been universally acknowledged. As declared in 1948 in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights <blockquote>Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control<ref>United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available from: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ (accessed 22 June 2019).</ref>. </blockquote> | The immense value of health to human life has been universally acknowledged. As declared in 1948 in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights <blockquote>Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control<ref>United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available from: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ (accessed 22 June 2019).</ref>. </blockquote> | ||
The ‘Constitution of the World Health Organization’ which came into effect in 1948 also recognises health as a basic human right and states that “the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition”<ref>World Health Organization, BASIC DOCUMENTS [forty-eighth edition]. 2014. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd48/basic-documents-48th-edition-en.pdf#page=7 [accessed 22 June 2019]</ref>. With numerous nation states endorsing the right to health as part of their constitution, these are legally obliged to safeguard access to quality health in a "timely, acceptable and affordable" manner, whilst ensuring provision for the [[Determinants of Health|determinants of health]]<ref>World Health Organization. Human rights and health. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-health [accessed 22 June 2019]</ref>. | The ‘Constitution of the World Health Organization’ which came into effect in 1948 also recognises health as a basic human right and states that “the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition”<ref name=":1">World Health Organization, BASIC DOCUMENTS [forty-eighth edition]. 2014. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd48/basic-documents-48th-edition-en.pdf#page=7 [accessed 22 June 2019]</ref>. With numerous nation states endorsing the right to health as part of their constitution, these are legally obliged to safeguard access to quality health in a "timely, acceptable and affordable" manner, whilst ensuring provision for the [[Determinants of Health|determinants of health]]<ref>World Health Organization. Human rights and health. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-health [accessed 22 June 2019]</ref>. | ||
The meaning of ‘health’ can be individually viewed from various perspectives. Understanding how different individuals consider health on a personal level could provide professionals with useful indications on what can influence behaviour with respect to health and wellness within the general population<ref>Hughner & Kleine, 2004 cited in Scriven A. Promoting Health - A Practical Guide. UK: Elsevier, 2010.</ref>. | The meaning of ‘health’ can be individually viewed from various perspectives. Understanding how different individuals consider health on a personal level could provide professionals with useful indications on what can influence behaviour with respect to health and wellness within the general population<ref>Hughner & Kleine, 2004 cited in Scriven A. Promoting Health - A Practical Guide. UK: Elsevier, 2010.</ref>. | ||
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== Defining Health == | == Defining Health == | ||
Defining health is important. In healthcare, along with research, the concept of health is viewed as a main objective<ref name=":0">Godlee F. What is health? BMJ 2011;343:d4163.</ref>. Identifying how health can be described and measured is therefore essential<ref name=":0" />. The various definitions of health established or proposed throughout the years have generated much debate amongst various individuals and organisations | Defining health is important. In healthcare, along with research, the concept of health is viewed as a main objective<ref name=":0">Godlee F. What is health? BMJ 2011;343:d4163.</ref>. Identifying how health can be described and measured is therefore essential<ref name=":0" />. The various definitions of health established or proposed throughout the years have generated much debate amongst various individuals and organisations<ref name=":2">Goodman C. FK. Introduction. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist. 4th ed: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. p. 1-15.</ref>. | ||
= | During the 20th century, the medical model was a recognised concept viewing health merely as a state where disease is absent <ref>Scriven A. Promoting Health: A Practical Guide. 6th ed: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2010. p. 3-57. </ref>. The [[Biopsychosocial Model|biopsychosocial model]] goes beyond this view and allows for the integration of the physiological, as well as the psychological and social components of a disease<ref name=":2" />. The World Health Organisation states that as a basic principle, "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"<ref name=":1" />. | ||
== Health Promotion and Disease Prevention == | == Health Promotion and Disease Prevention == | ||
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
The immense value of health to human life has been universally acknowledged. As declared in 1948 in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control[1].
The ‘Constitution of the World Health Organization’ which came into effect in 1948 also recognises health as a basic human right and states that “the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition”[2]. With numerous nation states endorsing the right to health as part of their constitution, these are legally obliged to safeguard access to quality health in a "timely, acceptable and affordable" manner, whilst ensuring provision for the determinants of health[3].
The meaning of ‘health’ can be individually viewed from various perspectives. Understanding how different individuals consider health on a personal level could provide professionals with useful indications on what can influence behaviour with respect to health and wellness within the general population[4].
Defining Health[edit | edit source]
Defining health is important. In healthcare, along with research, the concept of health is viewed as a main objective[6]. Identifying how health can be described and measured is therefore essential[6]. The various definitions of health established or proposed throughout the years have generated much debate amongst various individuals and organisations[7].
During the 20th century, the medical model was a recognised concept viewing health merely as a state where disease is absent [8]. The biopsychosocial model goes beyond this view and allows for the integration of the physiological, as well as the psychological and social components of a disease[7]. The World Health Organisation states that as a basic principle, "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"[2].
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention[edit | edit source]
Relevance for Physiotherapists[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available from: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ (accessed 22 June 2019).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 World Health Organization, BASIC DOCUMENTS [forty-eighth edition]. 2014. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd48/basic-documents-48th-edition-en.pdf#page=7 [accessed 22 June 2019]
- ↑ World Health Organization. Human rights and health. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-health [accessed 22 June 2019]
- ↑ Hughner & Kleine, 2004 cited in Scriven A. Promoting Health - A Practical Guide. UK: Elsevier, 2010.
- ↑ World Health Organization. What does your health mean to you? Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wjzQVuDej4 [accessed 22 June 2019]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Godlee F. What is health? BMJ 2011;343:d4163.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Goodman C. FK. Introduction. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist. 4th ed: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. p. 1-15.
- ↑ Scriven A. Promoting Health: A Practical Guide. 6th ed: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2010. p. 3-57.
