Understanding Migration and Displacement: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
=== Migrant === | === Migrant === | ||
According to the | According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Migrants, the term 'migrant' refers to all situations where the decision to migrate, or leave your home country for another country, is taken freely by the individual concerned, for reasons of 'personal convenience' and without intervention of an external compelling factor. | ||
=== Asylum Seeker === | === Asylum Seeker === | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
=== Internally Displaced Person === | === Internally Displaced Person === | ||
According to the ''[https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/44794/UN%2C+Guiding+Principles+on+Internal+Displacement%2C+1998/47806967-dd92-4d67-ad47-578aa8b5d11f United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement],'' an | According to the ''[https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/44794/UN%2C+Guiding+Principles+on+Internal+Displacement%2C+1998/47806967-dd92-4d67-ad47-578aa8b5d11f United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement],'' an Internally Displaced Person, or IDP, are "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border." <ref>United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), ''Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement''. 2004. Available from: https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/44794/UN%2C+Guiding+Principles+on+Internal+Displacement%2C+1998/47806967-dd92-4d67-ad47-578aa8b5d11f [Accessed 27th June 2020].</ref> There are two important elements in the IDP definition: the movement is involuntary and takes place within national borders. Prevention of forced displacement and the protection of IDPs is a primary responsibility of the national authority. | ||
While often referred to as refugees, IDP's do not fall within the legal definitions of a refugee as they remain entitled to all the rights and guarantees as citizens and other habitual residents of their home country and remain under the protection of its government. In many cases the displacement occurs as their government, which makes IDP's more vulnerable to further displacement and other protection risks, such as lack of access to basic services, family separation, sexual and gender based violence, trafficking, discrimination and harassment. | While often referred to as refugees, IDP's do not fall within the legal definitions of a refugee as they remain entitled to all the rights and guarantees as citizens and other habitual residents of their home country and remain under the protection of its government. In many cases the displacement occurs as their government, which makes IDP's more vulnerable to further displacement and other protection risks, such as lack of access to basic services, family separation, sexual and gender based violence, trafficking, discrimination and harassment.<ref>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Emergency Handbook - IDP Definition. Available from: https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/67716/idp-definition (Accessed 2nd June 2020).</ref> | ||
According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) at the end of 2019 there were 45.7 million people IDP's, as a result of conflict and violence or human rights violations. <ref>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Ireland. Internally Displaced People. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/en-ie/internally-displaced-people.html (Accessed 27th July 2020).</ref> Colombia, Syria, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Yemen are countries with some of the largest internally displaced populations. | |||
=== Stateless Person === | === Stateless Person === | ||
According to the UNHCR, | According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), a stateless person is someone who is not a citizen of any country, which can occur due to a variety of reasons, including sovereign, legal, technical or administrative decisions or oversights. Citizenship is the legal bond between a government and an individual, and allows for certain political, economic, social and other rights of the individual, as well as the responsibilities of both government and citizen. <div align="justify"><div class="row"> | ||
<div class="col-md-6"> {{#ev:youtube|yRPfM5Oj-QA|250}} <div class="text-right"><ref>UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is A Migrant. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRPfM5Oj-QA[last accessed 24/07/2020]</ref></div></div> | <div class="col-md-6"> {{#ev:youtube|yRPfM5Oj-QA|250}} <div class="text-right"><ref>UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is A Migrant. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRPfM5Oj-QA[last accessed 24/07/2020]</ref></div></div> | ||
<div class="col-md-6">{{#ev:youtube|E1E_tiagn8Q|250}} <div class="text-right"><ref>UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is An Asylum Seeker. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1E_tiagn8Q[last accessed 24/07/2020]</ref></div></div> | <div class="col-md-6">{{#ev:youtube|E1E_tiagn8Q|250}} <div class="text-right"><ref>UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is An Asylum Seeker. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1E_tiagn8Q[last accessed 24/07/2020]</ref></div></div> | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
<div align="justify"> | <div align="justify"> | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
=== Internally Displaced Persons === | |||
* [https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/44794/UN%2C+Guiding+Principles+on+Internal+Displacement%2C+1998/47806967-dd92-4d67-ad47-578aa8b5d11f United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement] | |||
* [https://www.unhcr.org/en-ie/50f9551f9 The African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention)] | |||
* [https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%20Initiative%20on%20Internal%20Displacement%202020-2021.pdf#_ga=2.202635409.1855004314.1595792506-994060578.1595792506 UNHCR’S Initiative on Internal Displacement 2020 - 2021] | |||
* [https://www.unhcr.org/en-ie/5ad5a43a7 Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons] | |||
<div align="justify"><div align="justify"><div align="justify"> | |||
<div align="justify"> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 23:18, 27 July 2020
Original Editor - Naomi O'Reilly
Top Contributors - Naomi O'Reilly, Jess Bell, Kim Jackson, Carin Hunter, Shaimaa Eldib and Tarina van der Stockt
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Definitions[edit | edit source]
Migrant[edit | edit source]
According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Migrants, the term 'migrant' refers to all situations where the decision to migrate, or leave your home country for another country, is taken freely by the individual concerned, for reasons of 'personal convenience' and without intervention of an external compelling factor.
Asylum Seeker[edit | edit source]
When people flee their own country and seek sanctuary in another country, they apply for asylum or the right to be recognised as a refugee and receive legal protection and material assistance. An asylum seeker must demonstrate that their fear of persecution in their home country is well-founded.
Refugee[edit | edit source]
A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee their country and crossed an international border to find safety in another country as a result of persecution, war or violence. Refugees are defined by the 1951 Refugee Convention as: “someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.” The leading causes of refugees fleeing their home country include war, ethnic, tribal and religious violence.
Currently just five countries; Syria, Venezuela, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Myanmar, account for 68% of all those displaced across borders.
Internally Displaced Person[edit | edit source]
According to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, an Internally Displaced Person, or IDP, are "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border." [1] There are two important elements in the IDP definition: the movement is involuntary and takes place within national borders. Prevention of forced displacement and the protection of IDPs is a primary responsibility of the national authority.
While often referred to as refugees, IDP's do not fall within the legal definitions of a refugee as they remain entitled to all the rights and guarantees as citizens and other habitual residents of their home country and remain under the protection of its government. In many cases the displacement occurs as their government, which makes IDP's more vulnerable to further displacement and other protection risks, such as lack of access to basic services, family separation, sexual and gender based violence, trafficking, discrimination and harassment.[2]
According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) at the end of 2019 there were 45.7 million people IDP's, as a result of conflict and violence or human rights violations. [3] Colombia, Syria, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Yemen are countries with some of the largest internally displaced populations.
Stateless Person[edit | edit source]
According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), a stateless person is someone who is not a citizen of any country, which can occur due to a variety of reasons, including sovereign, legal, technical or administrative decisions or oversights. Citizenship is the legal bond between a government and an individual, and allows for certain political, economic, social and other rights of the individual, as well as the responsibilities of both government and citizen.Legislation[edit | edit source]
Dublin Regulation[edit | edit source]
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
Internally Displaced Persons[edit | edit source]
- United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement
- The African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention)
- UNHCR’S Initiative on Internal Displacement 2020 - 2021
- Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. 2004. Available from: https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/44794/UN%2C+Guiding+Principles+on+Internal+Displacement%2C+1998/47806967-dd92-4d67-ad47-578aa8b5d11f [Accessed 27th June 2020].
- ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Emergency Handbook - IDP Definition. Available from: https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/67716/idp-definition (Accessed 2nd June 2020).
- ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Ireland. Internally Displaced People. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/en-ie/internally-displaced-people.html (Accessed 27th July 2020).
- ↑ UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is A Migrant. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRPfM5Oj-QA[last accessed 24/07/2020]
- ↑ UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is An Asylum Seeker. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1E_tiagn8Q[last accessed 24/07/2020]
- ↑ UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is A Refugee. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvzZGplGbL8[last accessed 24/07/2020]
- ↑ UNHCR Teaching About Refugees. Who Is An Internally Displaced Person. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCzpVQkencw[last accessed 24/07/2020]
