Throwing Biomechanics: Difference between revisions
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== Windup == | == Windup == | ||
*The pitcher is facing the batter with the baseball concealed away from the batter and in the glove, and both the feet in contact of the ground. This is known as the windup stance<ref name="1" />. | |||
*For a right handed pitcher, throwing arm is right arm, gloved hand is left, lead/stride leg is left lower extremity and pivot/stance leg is right. | |||
*The phase of windup begins with the initiation of the stride leg and ends when the ball separates from the glove4 and the stride leg reaches highest point<ref name="2" />. | |||
*The ipsilateral leg and trunk rotation approximately 90o and contralateral hip and knee flex<ref name="8">Pappas AM, Zawacki RM, Sullivan TJ. Biomechanics of baseball pitching A preliminary report. The American journal of sports medicine. 1985 Jul 1;13(4):216-22.</ref>. | |||
*During windup phase the energy is transferred from stride leg to pivot leg and winding up of the stride leg occurs. It is an important phase which is responsible for imparting the velocity which is driven to the point of ball release. It is reported that about 50% of the velocity of the ball during overhead throw is generated from step and body rotation<ref name="5">Toyoshima S, Hoshikawa T, Miyashita M, Oguri T: Contribution of the body parts to throwing performance. In: Nelson RC, Morehouse CA (eds): Biomechanics IV. Baltimore, University Park Press, 1974, pp. 169-174</ref>. The body’s overall center of gravity is raised and minimal stress is imparted on shoulder during this phase<ref name="6">Meister K. Injuries to the shoulder in the throwing athlete part two: evaluation/treatment. The American journal of sports medicine. 2000 Jul 1;28(4):587-601.</ref>. | |||
*The purpose of windup is threefold, (1) to establish a rhythm to achieve correct timing for subsequent movements, (2) to conceal the ball and distract the hitter and (3) to place the body in a position that may contribute to the propulsion of the ball<ref name="8" />. <br> | |||
== Cocking == | == Cocking == | ||
Revision as of 04:40, 17 May 2016
Original Editor - Vinit Kothekar
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Baseball pitching is one of the most intensely studying athletic motionCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. Although focus has been more on shoulder, entire body movement is required to perform a baseball pitching. Throwing is also considered one of the fastest human motions performed, and maximum humeral internal rotation velocity reaches about 7000 to 7500o/secondCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
Phases of Pitching[edit | edit source]
Overhead baseball pitching has been divided into four, five or six phases depending on the investigator studying the motionCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. But most commonly five phases of overhead baseball pitching has been identified. (1) windup, (2) cocking, (3) acceleration, (4) deceleration and (5) follow through.
Windup[edit | edit source]
- The pitcher is facing the batter with the baseball concealed away from the batter and in the glove, and both the feet in contact of the ground. This is known as the windup stanceCite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. - For a right handed pitcher, throwing arm is right arm, gloved hand is left, lead/stride leg is left lower extremity and pivot/stance leg is right.
- The phase of windup begins with the initiation of the stride leg and ends when the ball separates from the glove4 and the stride leg reaches highest pointCite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. - The ipsilateral leg and trunk rotation approximately 90o and contralateral hip and knee flexCite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. - During windup phase the energy is transferred from stride leg to pivot leg and winding up of the stride leg occurs. It is an important phase which is responsible for imparting the velocity which is driven to the point of ball release. It is reported that about 50% of the velocity of the ball during overhead throw is generated from step and body rotationCite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. The body’s overall center of gravity is raised and minimal stress is imparted on shoulder during this phaseCite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. - The purpose of windup is threefold, (1) to establish a rhythm to achieve correct timing for subsequent movements, (2) to conceal the ball and distract the hitter and (3) to place the body in a position that may contribute to the propulsion of the ballCite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
