The Relationship Between Posture and Swallowing: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | |||
Deglutition (i.e. swallowing) enables food to move from the mouth to the stomach, via the pharynx and oesophagus.<ref name=":0">Panara K, Ramezanpour Ahangar E, Padalia D. Physiology, Swallowing. [Updated 2020 Aug 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541071/</nowiki></ref> | |||
There is evidence to suggest that swallowing begins to develop in utero from 15 weeks gestation.<ref name=":0" /> Swallowing actions (such as sucking, swallowing and the breathing sequence) continue to evolve after birth as babies are introduced to new food and start to exercise conscious control over their swallowing.<ref name=":0" /> Our ability to swallow continues to change as we age, eventually leading to swallowing disorders in some adults.<ref>Kletzien H, Cullins MJ, Connor NP. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6430567/ Age-related alterations in swallowing biomechanics]. Exp Gerontol. 2019;118:45-50. </ref> | |||
== Deglutition and Posture == | |||
Deglutition has a direct impact on the postural system.<ref name=":1">Banfi M. Deglutition Course. Physioplus, 2021.</ref><ref>Bordoni B, Morabito B, Mitrano R, Simonelli M, Toccafondi A. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390887/ The anatomical relationships of the tongue with the body system]. Cureus. 2018;10(12):e3695. </ref> | |||
* Alghadir and colleagues found that when the tongue is positioned against the upper incisors, postural stability is enhanced in young adults when they are standing on unstable surfaces or are without visual cues<ref>Alghadir AH, Zafar H, Iqbal ZA. Effect of tongue position on postural stability during quiet standing in healthy young males. Somatosens Mot Res. 2015;32(3):183-6.</ref> | |||
* Wildenberg and colleagues found that electrical stimulation of the tongue had a positive effect on balance, gait, and posture in patients who had with postural dysfunction<ref>Wildenberg JC, Tyler ME, Danilov YP, Kaczmarek KA, Meyerand ME. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2970617/ Sustained cortical and subcortical neuromodulation induced by electrical tongue stimulation]. Brain Imaging Behav. 2010;4(3-4):199-211. </ref> | |||
The tongue is the first structure to influence postural chains. The input from the feet becomes more important when a child is able to maintain an upright position and begin walking.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
The pattern of the deglutition changes from childhood to adulthood:<ref name=":1" /> | |||
* Children apply forces of up to 300g when chewing whereas adults can apply 3kg of force | |||
The deglutition cycle is repeated thousands of times each day in all positions (standing, sitting, sleeping etc). Every time an individual swallows (starting in utero), increased force is applied to his / her teeth and cranial system.<ref name=":1" /> The forces applied during childhood, particularly those generated by the masticatory muscles, are believed to be associated with an adult’s facial features.<ref>Inoue M, Ono T, Kameo, Y, Sasaki F, Ono T, Adachi T et al. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40463-3 Forceful mastication activates osteocytes and builds a stout jawbone]. Sci Rep 9, 4404 (2019).</ref> | |||
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Revision as of 12:30, 8 July 2021
Original Editor - Jess Bell based on the course by Mauro Banfi
Top Contributors - Jess Bell, Kim Jackson, Tarina van der Stockt, Lucinda hampton and Kirenga Bamurange Liliane
Top Contributors - Jess Bell, Kim Jackson, Tarina van der Stockt, Lucinda hampton and Kirenga Bamurange Liliane
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (8/07/2021)
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Deglutition (i.e. swallowing) enables food to move from the mouth to the stomach, via the pharynx and oesophagus.[1]
There is evidence to suggest that swallowing begins to develop in utero from 15 weeks gestation.[1] Swallowing actions (such as sucking, swallowing and the breathing sequence) continue to evolve after birth as babies are introduced to new food and start to exercise conscious control over their swallowing.[1] Our ability to swallow continues to change as we age, eventually leading to swallowing disorders in some adults.[2]
Deglutition and Posture[edit | edit source]
Deglutition has a direct impact on the postural system.[3][4]
- Alghadir and colleagues found that when the tongue is positioned against the upper incisors, postural stability is enhanced in young adults when they are standing on unstable surfaces or are without visual cues[5]
- Wildenberg and colleagues found that electrical stimulation of the tongue had a positive effect on balance, gait, and posture in patients who had with postural dysfunction[6]
The tongue is the first structure to influence postural chains. The input from the feet becomes more important when a child is able to maintain an upright position and begin walking.[3]
The pattern of the deglutition changes from childhood to adulthood:[3]
- Children apply forces of up to 300g when chewing whereas adults can apply 3kg of force
The deglutition cycle is repeated thousands of times each day in all positions (standing, sitting, sleeping etc). Every time an individual swallows (starting in utero), increased force is applied to his / her teeth and cranial system.[3] The forces applied during childhood, particularly those generated by the masticatory muscles, are believed to be associated with an adult’s facial features.[7]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Panara K, Ramezanpour Ahangar E, Padalia D. Physiology, Swallowing. [Updated 2020 Aug 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541071/
- ↑ Kletzien H, Cullins MJ, Connor NP. Age-related alterations in swallowing biomechanics. Exp Gerontol. 2019;118:45-50.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Banfi M. Deglutition Course. Physioplus, 2021.
- ↑ Bordoni B, Morabito B, Mitrano R, Simonelli M, Toccafondi A. The anatomical relationships of the tongue with the body system. Cureus. 2018;10(12):e3695.
- ↑ Alghadir AH, Zafar H, Iqbal ZA. Effect of tongue position on postural stability during quiet standing in healthy young males. Somatosens Mot Res. 2015;32(3):183-6.
- ↑ Wildenberg JC, Tyler ME, Danilov YP, Kaczmarek KA, Meyerand ME. Sustained cortical and subcortical neuromodulation induced by electrical tongue stimulation. Brain Imaging Behav. 2010;4(3-4):199-211.
- ↑ Inoue M, Ono T, Kameo, Y, Sasaki F, Ono T, Adachi T et al. Forceful mastication activates osteocytes and builds a stout jawbone. Sci Rep 9, 4404 (2019).
